question

which of the following is true of both lymphatic capillaires and blood capillaries?

answer

both types are composed of endothelium

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into whcih blood vessel will lymph flow if it starts at the red arrow (the cistern chyli)

answer

left subclavian vein-- the cistern chyli empties into the thoracic duct, which empties into the left subclavian vein

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wihch of these is NOT a property of lymphatic capillaries?

answer

they are smaller than blood capillaries

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characteristics of lymphatic capillaries

answer

their endothelial cells overlap, the lack basement membrane, they have irregular profiles

question

which of these statements about lymphatics is FALSE?

answer

they are phagocytic

question

the primary fuction of the lymphatic system is

answer

defending the body against environmental hazards and internal threats

question

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it

answer

activates B cells

question

In general, lymphocytes

answer

spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue

question

lymphocytes

answer

respond to antigens

question

lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

answer

lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, spleen

question

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

answer

Bone marrow

question

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

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white pulp

question

Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?

answer

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.

question

how does a complement work>

answer

Complement is a group of proteins that work together, binding to antibodies and forming large holes in target cells.

question

Which of these is not one of the nonspecific defenses?

answer

immunoglobulins

question

Which of these defense cells are not phagocytic?

answer

lymphocytes

question

innate defenses include

answer

physical barriers, interferons, phagocytic cells, inflammation

question

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

answer

epidermal layers, epithelia, sebaceous glands, mucus

question

The body's innate defenses include all of the following, except

answer

antibodies

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Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except

answer

complement

question

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John

answer

is running a fever

question

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?

answer

secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis

question

defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

answer

adaptive immunity

question

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

answer

naturally acquired active

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During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except

answer

neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances.

question

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that it

answer

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

question

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity, except that

answer

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

question

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

answer

anitgen-presenting cells

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Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

answer

class II MHC proteins

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Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

answer

CD8

question

Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?

answer

all nucleated cells

question

Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?

answer

CD8 cells

question

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

answer

bind complement

question

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

answer

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

question

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

answer

in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes

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T cells and B cells can be activated only by

answer

exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

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The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

answer

heavy-chian constant segments

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Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

answer

IgE

question

The binding of an antibody to an antigen can result in

answer

inflammation

question

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are

answer

IgA

question

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

answer

IgM

question

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are

answer

IgD

question

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

answer

helper T cells

question

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to

answer

bind antigens to glycoproteins, process antigens, display antigen fragments, activate T cells

question

during a primary immune response, the

answer

IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer.

question

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

answer

antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

question

The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are

answer

IgG

question

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

answer

allergies

Mastering A and P– Chapter 22 – Flashcards

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