Marketing Management Chap 3 – Flashcards
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1) As the manager of an organization that is attempting to build a Marketing Information System (MIS), you have been informed that an MIS is built upon three fundamental information sources. The sources are ________, marketing intelligence activities, and marketing research. A) external records and documents B) databases found on the Internet C) consultant reports D) internal company records E) secondary data from government sources such as the Better Business Bureau
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D
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2) The company's marketing information system should be a mix of what managers think they need, what managers really need, and ________. A) what the marketing research department is able to do B) what consumers are willing to consume C) what the government policies allow D) what is acceptable at the industry level E) what is economically feasible
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E
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3) Marketers have little information about how consumption patterns vary across and within countries.
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FALSE
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4) Companies with superior information enjoy a competitive advantage.
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TRUE
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5) What is a marketing information system (MIS)? From what sources is the MIS developed?
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A marketing information system (MIS) consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers. A marketing information system is developed from internal company records, marketing intelligence activities, and marketing research.
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6) What are the two basic advantages that a company's marketers have in identifying significant changes in the market?
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The two advantages are 1. They have disciplined methods for collecting information. 2. They spend more time interacting with customers and observing competition.
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7) The heart of the internal records system is the ________ because customers favor firms that can promise timely delivery. A) sales information system B) data mining system C) order-to-payment cycle D) information needs probe E) data warehouse
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C
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8) The ________ begins with sales representatives and dealers sending orders to the firms and is followed by the sales department preparing invoices, and finally generating shipping and billing documents which are then sent to various departments. A) payroll system B) market research process C) human resources system D) expense cycle E) order-to-payment cycle
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E
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9) By equipping its sales force with handheld devices with barcode readers and Internet connections to speed inventory assessment, TaylorMade allows sales executives to have significantly more time to interact with their consumers. This is an example of the use of technology in improving ________. A) sales information systems B) payroll systems C) cookies D) cohort segmentation E) competitive intelligence gathering
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A
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10) Companies can practice targeted marketing by using ________, which are records of Web site usage stored on personal browsers. A) plug-ins B) black swans C) cookies D) trolls E) honey-pots
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C
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11) Because customers are not really concerned with timely delivery, customers are unlikely to differentiate between firms based on their order-to-payment cycles.
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FALSE
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12) Few consumers actually delete cookies frequently. When customers do not delete cookies, they expect customized marketing appeals and deals.
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TRUE
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13) Mailing of a new offer to a handful of selected customers instead of all customers reduces the response rate to the offer.
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FALSE
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14) Why is it necessary for firms to execute the steps of the order-to-payment cycle quickly and accurately?
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It is necessary for the firms to execute the steps of the order-to-payment cycle quickly and accurately because customers favor firms that can promise timely delivery.
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15) Describe the steps in the order-to-payment cycle.
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Sales representatives, dealers, and customers send orders to the firm. The sales department prepares invoices, transmits copies to various departments, and back-orders out-of-stock items. Shipped items generate shipping and billing documents that go to various departments.
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16) List three examples of how companies are using Big Data.
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Student Answers will vary. Examples from the text include: UK supermarket giant Tesco collects 1.5 billion pieces of data every month to set prices and promotions; US kitchenware retailer Williams-Sonoma uses its customer knowledge to customize versions of its catalog. Amazon reports generating 30 percent of its sales through its recommendation engine ("You may also like"). Bank of America is tracking spending and demographic data and tailoring promotions — for example, offering back-to-school deals to cardholders with children. JPMorgan Chase has improved communications to new cardholders to gain more engagement. On the production side, GE set up a team of developers in Silicon Valley to improve the efficiency of the jet engines, generators, locomotives, and CT scanners it sells.
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17) The internal records system supplies results data, but the marketing intelligence system supplies ________ data. A) internal B) revenue C) thematic D) happenings E) process
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D
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18) A ________ is a set of procedures and sources managers use to obtain everyday information about developments in the marketing environment. A) data warehousing system B) viral marketing campaign C) product management system D) marketing intelligence system E) sales information system
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D
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19) A company can take several steps to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence. Which of the following best describes the practice used by McDonald's when it sent pseudo customers to assess stores' internal speed standards? A) training and motivating the sales force to spot and report new developments B) motivating intermediaries to pass along important intelligence C) networking externally D) purchasing information from outside research firms and vendors E) using the sales information system to get accurate sales reports
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B
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20) A company can take several steps to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence. If the company purchases competitive products for study, attends open houses and trade shows, and reads competitors' published reports and stockholder information, the company is using ________ to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence. A) sales-force surrogates B) intermediaries C) external networks D) advisory panels E) customer feedback systems
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C
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21) When gathering marketing intelligence, companies often use the US census, which provides an in-depth look at the population swings, demographic groups, regional migrations, and changing family structure of the more than 281 million people living in the United States. Which of the following steps to improve the quality of a company marketing intelligence system would be most closely associated with this illustration? A) A company can purchase information from outside suppliers. B) A company can take advantage of government data sources. C) A company can use online customer feedback systems to collect data. D) A company can network externally. E) A company can use its sales force to collect and report data.
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B
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22) When a company acquires consumer-panel data from firms like A.C. Nielsen Company and Information Resources Inc., which of the following steps to improve the quality of a company marketing intelligence system is the company resorting to? A) training and motivating the sales force to spot and report new developments B) motivating distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along important intelligence C) hiring external experts to collect intelligence D) using external network E) purchasing information from outside research firms and vendors
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E
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23) Elance.com is a service provider that allows contractors to describe their level of satisfaction with subcontractors. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) independent customer goods and service review forum B) public blog C) customer complaint site D) combo site offering customer reviews and expert opinions E) distributor or sales agent feedback site
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E
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24) When ConAgra learned that many mothers switched to time-saving meals and snacks when school started, it launched its "Seasons of Mom" campaign to help grocers adjust to seasonal shifts in household needs. Which of the eight possible actions to improve the quantity and quality of its marketing intelligence yielded this insight? A) Train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new developments. B) Motivate distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along important intelligence. C) Hire external experts to collect intelligence. D) Network internally and externally. E) Set up a customer advisory panel.
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B
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25) Competitive intelligence gathering is inherently illegal and unethical.
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FALSE
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26) PlanetFeedback.com is an example of a government-related public resource, which is one of the five main ways marketers can research competitors' product strengths and weaknesses online.
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FALSE
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27) If a company were pursuing a policy of networking externally to gather marketing intelligence, it might collect competitors' ads or look up news stories about competitors.
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TRUE
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28) One of the ways to find relevant online information on competitors' strengths and weaknesses might be to frequent distributor or sales agent feedback sites.
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TRUE
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29) The competitive intelligence function works best when it is closely coordinated with the decision-making process.
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TRUE
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30) A fad is more predictable and durable than a trend.
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FALSE
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31) What is a marketing intelligence system? How can marketing intelligence data be collected?
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A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources that managers use to obtain everyday information about developments in the marketing environment. The marketing intelligence system supplies happenings data. Marketing managers collect marketing intelligence in a variety of different ways, such as by reading books, newspapers, and trade publications; talking to customers, suppliers, and distributors; monitoring social media on the Internet; and meeting with other company managers.
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32) What are the various steps a company can take to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence function?
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The steps are: 1. a company can train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new developments 2. a company can motivate distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along important intelligence 3. a company can network externally 4. a company can set up a customer advisory panel 5. a company can take advantage of government data resources 6. a company can purchase information from outside suppliers 7. a company can use online customer feedback systems to collect competitive intelligence
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33) Briefly describe the five main ways in which marketers can find relevant online information on competitors' strengths and weaknesses.
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The five ways are: 1. independent customer goods and service review forums 2. distributor or sales agent feedback sites which are built by the distributors themselves to describe their experience and level of satisfaction on products or services 3. combo sites offering customer reviews and expert opinions mainly on financial services and high-tech products that require professional knowledge 4. customer complaint sites designed mainly for dissatisfied customers, which allows customers to express their dissatisfaction in certain firms or products 5. public blogs offering personal opinions, reviews, ratings and recommendations on virtually any topic
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34) How do the distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries help a company to improve the quantity and quality of its marketing intelligence?
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Since marketing intermediaries are often closer to the customer, they can offer helpful insights to the company to improve its marketing intelligence system.
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35) Suppose Canon and Nikon are the only players in the digital camera industry. What can Canon do to acquire marketing intelligence?
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Student Answers will vary. Canon can network externally to find out more about its competitor Nikon. It can purchase Nikon's products, attend open houses and trade shows, read reports published by the rival firm, attend stockholders' meetings, talk to employees, collect competitors' ads, consult with suppliers, and look up news stories about Nikon.
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36) A ________ is "unpredictable, short-lived, and without social, economic, and political significance." A) fad B) fashion C) trend D) megatrend E) style
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A
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37) A ________ is a direction or sequence of events that has some momentum and durability; it reveals the shape of the future and can provide strategic direction. A) n B) fashion C) trend D) megatrend E) style
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C
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38) A ________ is a "large social, economic, political, and technological change that is slow to form, and once in place, influences us for some time — between seven and ten years, or longer." A) fad B) fashion C) trend D) megatrend E) style
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D
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39) Which of the following is true about trends in worldwide population growth? A) Birthrates are on the rise in developed countries. B) Overall, the world population growth is declining. C) Birthrates are on the rise in developing countries. D) Death rates are rising in developing countries. E) Population growth is highest in developing countries.
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E
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40) A growing population does not mean growing markets unless ________. A) the people are under a democratic system of government B) there is common ownership of all resources C) people have sufficient purchasing power D) there is adequate governmental intervention in the market E) the government has a budget surplus
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C
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41) In the United States, people born between the years ________ are called baby boomers. A) 1978 and 2002 B) 1946 and 1964 C) 1925 and 1945 D) 1965 and 1985 E) 1920 and 1940
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B
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42) Firms find "reverse innovation" advantage by introducing a commodity in a ________. A) developed country and then distributing it globally B) developing country and then distributing it in other developing countries C) developing country and then distributing it globally D) developed country and then distributing it in developing countries E) developed country and then distributing it in other developed countries
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C
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43) ________ refer to groups of individuals who are born during the same time period and travel through life together. A) Cohorts B) Populations C) Clans D) Societies E) Ethnic groups
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A
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44) In the first two-and-a-half years of the iPad's existence, Apple sold ________ million units worldwide. A) 97 B) 45 C) 63 D) 112 E) 91
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A
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45) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons consumers are concerned about privacy? A) Consumers worry that they will be robbed or cheated. B) Consumers worry that their information will be used to customize their offers. C) Consumers believe private information will be used against them. D) Consumers believe they will be bombarded by solicitations. E) Consumers believe that children will be targeted by ads.
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B
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46) Abby lives in a suburb of Atlanta with her three children. She is part of the biggest household change this decade, which was ________. A) a growing demand for larger apartments B) a need for smaller-size food packages C) the jump in households headed by women without husbands D) the growth of the gay and lesbian population in the suburbs E) the increase of empty nesters
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C
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47) The traditional household consists of ________. A) a husband, wife, and children (and sometimes grandparents) B) a group of related persons living together C) two or more families living together D) a man and a woman living together (whether married or not) E) related or unrelated persons who share living arrangements
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A
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48) By 2010, only ________ percent of US households were traditional households. A) 20 B) 25 C) 28 D) 31 E) 33
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A
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49) Which of the following is likely to occur during economic downturns? A) People tend to spend more on luxury goods. B) Consumption of necessary goods decline. C) Long-term credit is available at concessional rates of interest. D) The purchasing power of the population declines. E) The level of investment in the economy rises.
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D
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50) Which of the following economies provide limited opportunities to international marketers to develop product sales? A) capitalist economies B) subsistence economies C) raw-materials-exporting economies D) industrializing economies E) industrialized economies
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B
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51) Which of the following represents a raw-material-exporting economy? A) Papua New Guinea B) Democratic Republic of Congo C) India D) Egypt E) Philippines
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B
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52) When its monitoring software spotted a Twitter post that went to 10,000 followers from an upset consumer who couldn't redeem a prize from a MyCoke rewards program, Coke quickly posted an apology on his Twitter profile and offered to help resolve the situation. This is an example of which of the following? A) mystery shopper actions B) consumer panel data C) purchasing outside information D) acting on marketing intelligence E) conducting a sentiment analysis
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D
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53) Which of the following elements of sociocultural environment can be associated with the growing demand for "social surrogates" like social networking sites, television, etc.? A) views of ourselves B) views of organizations C) views of others D) views of nature E) views of the universe
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C
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54) Today, corporations need to make sure that they are good corporate citizens and that their consumer messages are honest in order to positively align themselves with consumers' views of ________. A) others B) organizations C) themselves D) the universe E) society
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B
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55) People vary in their views of society and their consumption patterns often reflect their social attitudes. ________ usually live more frugally, drive smaller cars, and wear simpler clothing. A) Makers B) Escapers C) Seekers D) Changers E) Developers
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D
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56) People vary in their views of society and their consumption patterns often reflect their social attitudes. ________ usually eat, dress, and live well. A) Makers B) Escapers C) Seekers D) Changers E) Developers
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A
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57) People vary in their views of society and their consumption patterns often reflect their social attitudes. ________ are a major market for movies, music, surfing, and camping. A) Makers B) Preservers C) Escapers D) Changers E) Developers
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C
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58) ________ beliefs and values are passed from parents to children and reinforced by social institutions — schools, churches, businesses, and governments; they are very difficult to change. A) Transient B) Secondary C) Protected D) Core E) Variable
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D
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59) Which of the following would be the best illustration of a secondary belief or value? A) belief in work B) belief in giving to charity C) belief in getting married D) belief in getting married early E) belief in being honest
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D
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60) Each society contains ________, groups with shared values emerging from their special life experiences or circumstances. A) stakeholders B) cliques C) consumer bundles D) subcultures E) behavioral niches
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D
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61) Which of the following is the largest contributor to global warming, contributing almost a quarter of the carbon dioxide in the environment? A) transportation B) industrial production facilities C) electrical power plants D) aerosol cans E) rural cooking fires
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C
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62) Which of the following is the second largest contributor to global warming, accounting for roughly a fifth of carbon emissions? A) transportation B) primary metal production facilities C) electrical power plants D) aerosol cans E) rural cooking fires
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A
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63) Firms whose products require ________ resources — oil, coal, platinum, zinc, silver — face substantial cost increases as depletion approaches. A) infinite B) near finite C) finite renewable D) finite nonrenewable E) perishable
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D
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64) Prestige LLC, a small company that manufactures specialty cereals and energy bars, wants to launch a "green marketing" program in response to heightened consumer awareness about environmental issues. What should the company do to maximize the program's chances of being successful? A) demonstrate that the products will benefit both customers and the society in the long term B) emphasize benefits to the consumer rather than environmental benefits C) focus on the efforts and costs incurred by the company to bring these "green" products to consumers D) engage in "greenwashing" to highlight the environmental benefits of the product E) explain the rules and regulations laid out by governmental agencies to protect the environment
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A
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65) When a company is said to have engaged in "greenwashing," it means that the ________. A) company has significantly changed its business processes to incorporate a greener, more environmentally friendly philosophy B) company has moved its production facilities to countries where environmental laws and regulations are less rigorous C) company has changed its "green" image in order to appeal to a different, usually older, demographic D) company's products are not nearly as green and environmentally beneficial as its marketing might suggest E) company has undertaken a campaign to lobby for tougher environmental regulations for the industry
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D
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66) Of the following, which country received the highest score on the Greendex sustainable consumption index, which suggests they minimize their environmental impact via decisions made about transportation, household energy, resource use, and food/good consumption? A) China B) Brazil C) India D) United States E) France
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C
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67) ________ Americans, the second-largest Asian population in the United States, is generally affluent, well-educated, and attractive to marketers. A) Korean B) Japanese C) Chinese D) Filipino E) Indian
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E
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68) Which of the following is true about the technology trends that marketers should monitor? A) A growing portion of US R&D expenditures are going toward the research side as opposed to the development side. B) Today, the time between idea and implementation is expanding. C) More single companies rather than consortiums are directing research efforts toward major breakthroughs. D) The pace of change is accelerating today. E) The government has decreased regulation of technological change.
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D
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69) Mandatory recycling laws have boosted the recycling industry and launched dozens of new companies making new products from recycled materials. Which of the following most closely resembles this situation? A) Government makes reforestation mandatory for lumbering firms leading to a rise in timber production. B) Government restricts industries from purchasing farmland thereby increasing agricultural produce. C) Government subsidizes export of beef to promote production of beef cattle. D) Government pollution control norms increase the production of pollution control equipment. E) Government restricts unfair trade practices to promote international trade.
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D
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70) A possible unintended effect of business legislation is ________. A) restricting fair competition in the market B) encouraging unbridled business behavior C) reducing the social cost of producing a particular commodity D) exposing consumers to unfair trade practices E) slowing economic growth
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E
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71) An important force affecting business is the ________ movement, a movement of citizens and government organized to strengthen the rights and powers of buyers in relation to sellers. A) human rights B) consumerist C) environmental D) self-determination E) materialistic
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B
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72) A new market opportunity generally guarantees success, if the new product is technically feasible.
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FALSE
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73) Demographic developments are often unpredictable.
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FALSE
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74) Population growth is highest in countries and communities that can least afford it.
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TRUE
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75) There is a global trend toward an aging population.
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TRUE
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76) The basis of cohort segmentation is that the experiences of key defining moments during the time when an individual becomes an adult can influence his or her values, preferences, and buying behaviors for the rest of his or her life.
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TRUE
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77) Marketing strategies of firms should not consider the ethnic and racial diversity existing in their markets.
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FALSE
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78) Consumers belonging to the same ethnic group have identical tastes and preferences.
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FALSE
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79) Of all illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women.
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TRUE
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80) Households comprised of single, separated, widowed, and divorced individuals generally demand larger apartments and expensive appliances, furniture, and furnishings.
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FALSE
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81) The available purchasing power in an economy depends on current income, prices, savings, debt, and credit availability.
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TRUE
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82) Industrial economies provide limited marketing opportunities for luxurious goods.
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FALSE
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83) Markets with a segment of very wealthy consumers, but high income disparity, present few opportunities to marketers.
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FALSE
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84) Business has responded to increased awareness of nature's fragility and finiteness by producing wider varieties of camping, hiking, boating, and fishing gear such as boots, tents, backpacks, and accessories.
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TRUE
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85) Secondary beliefs and values are passed on from parents to children and reinforced by major social institutions, making them very difficult to change by marketers.
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FALSE
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86) Environmental regulations enforced by the government adversely affect automobile and steel manufacturing companies.
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TRUE
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87) Corporate environmentalism recognizes the need to integrate environmental issues into the firm's strategic plans.
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TRUE
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88) Firms that can develop substitute materials for finite nonrenewable resources have an excellent opportunity.
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TRUE
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89) The time between introduction of products and peak production is shrinking.
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TRUE
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90) A growing portion of US R&D expenditures goes to the development as opposed to the research side.
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TRUE
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91) Regulation of technological changes has been relaxed by the US government over recent years.
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FALSE
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92) Environmental laws imposed by the government may at times create new business opportunities.
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TRUE
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93) Crocs clogs, Elmo TMX doll, and Pokemon gifts and toys are examples of megatrends, which are unpredictable, short-lived, and without social, economic, and political significance.
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FALSE
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94) What are the different income-distribution patterns? How does income distribution in the economies affect the marketing decision of the firms?
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Marketers often distinguish countries using five income-distribution patterns: 1. very low incomes 2. mostly low incomes 3. very low, very high incomes 4. low, medium, high incomes 5. mostly medium incomes The market would be very small in countries with type 1 or 2 income patterns and will be considerably large in the countries with income patterns 3 and 4. In countries which have a marked inequality in income distribution, companies tend to produce goods which are consumed by the mass as well as produce certain luxurious goods to cater to the richer section.
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95) Discuss the impact of tougher environmental regulations on businesses, citing examples whenever possible. Also, point out opportunities, if any, presented by these regulations.
answer
Environmental regulations adversely affect certain industries. They increase the cost of production for a range of industries. For instance, steel manufacturing units and firms which generate electricity are required to install pollution control equipment. Automobile companies are required to develop and use cleaner technology in their vehicles. However, businesses can also achieve significant savings in their energy and gas bills by moving to environmentally friendly ways to heat or cool their offices and run their manufacturing facilities. A shift to paperless communication can cut costs and pollution. Plus, new business opportunities are opening up in the "green" sectors as is evident in the companies that manufacture and sell emission-control equipment and sell services to help companies adopt environmentally friendly practices.
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96) The United States has one of the world's highest percentages of college-educated citizens. What can be the possible implications of this observation to the marketing environment of a US firm?
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The high percentage of college-educated citizens in the United States suggests that there would be high demand for quality books, magazines, and travel. It also implies that there would be a high supply of skilled potential employees. Students can point out other implications.
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97) Suppose the people of Greenworld, an island in the southwest Pacific, are primarily involved in the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either. On the contrary people in Newland, a country rich in petroleum resources, export petroleum to the industrial countries. Which of the two countries mentioned above is likely to offer greater marketing opportunities for luxurious goods and why?
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Newland is likely to produce greater marketing opportunities for luxurious goods as people in this country are likely to have greater affordability than the people in Greenworld.
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98) Why do companies need to search for practical means to harness renewable sources of energy like wind and water?
answer
Prolonged exploitation of the conventional sources of energy like oil has led to an acute shortage of these resources resulting in their prices increasing over time. Firms face substantial cost increase as these resources are depleted, hence they need to search for means to harness the infinite renewable resources.
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99) Assume that you are a marketing manager for a youth clothing manufacturer that has just read about the megatrend of the "rising Hispanic influence" in the United States. Explain this megatrend and indicate why it might be important to your company.
answer
The Hispanic population grew by 43 percent, from 35.3 million to 50.5 million, in the last ten years. Hispanics are having a huge impact on the food US consumers eat and the clothing, music, and cars they buy. Companies are refining their products and marketing to reach this fastest-growing and most influential consumer group.
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100) Companies can prepare as many as ________ different types of demand estimates. A) 6 B) 30 C) 60 D) 90 E) 150
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D
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101) The demand estimates of an organization comprise five space levels: world, country, region, territory, and ________. A) zone B) organization C) customer D) product E) input
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C
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102) The ________ market is the set of consumers with an adequate interest, income, and access to a particular offer. A) potential B) available C) target D) penetrated E) reserve
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B
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103) The ________ market is the part of the qualified available market the company decides to pursue. A) potential B) available C) target D) penetrated E) reserve
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C
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104) The ________ market is the set of consumers who are buying the company's product. A) potential B) available C) target D) penetrated E) reserve
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D
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105) When the government of any country restricts the sale of a particular commodity to certain groups — for example, restricting sales of alcohol to individuals of age 21 and over — the eligible consumers who have income, interest, access, and qualification constitute the ________ market. A) accessible B) target C) potential D) qualified potential E) qualified available
answer
E
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106) Jeanine would like to own a Mercedes but is unable to afford one at this time. Jeanine is part of the ________ market for this product. A) potential B) available C) target D) projected E) penetrated
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A
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107) ________ for a product is the total volume that would be bought by a defined customer group in a defined geographical area in a defined time period in a defined marketing environment under a defined marketing program. A) Company demand B) Area market potential C) Market demand D) Company sales potential E) Total market potential
answer
C
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108) With an increase in marketing expenditure, market demand ________. A) continues to rise at an increasing rate B) initially increases and then declines C) increases first at an increasing rate, then at a decreasing rate D) decreases first and then spikes E) continues to increase at a decreasing rate
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C
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109) The base sales of an organization that takes place even without any demand-stimulating expenditures is called ________. A) primary demand B) market potential C) market minimum D) optimum demand E) market demand
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C
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110) The distance between the market minimum and the market potential shows the overall ________. A) marketing sensitivity of demand B) market share of the firm C) market forecast of the firm D) product-penetration percentage E) sales quota
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A
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111) A low market-penetration index indicates ________. A) it will be expensive for the firms to attract the few remaining prospects B) substantial growth potential for all firms C) the rival firms try to capture greater market share by lowering their product price D) the profit margins of the firms decline E) the firms cannot raise demand substantially by raising its market expenditure
answer
B
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112) Only one level of industry marketing expenditure will actually occur. The market demand corresponding to this level is called the ________. A) market minimum B) market share C) market forecast D) market potential E) company demand
answer
C
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113) A company can expect to expand its market share to a large extent when ________. A) it has a high market-penetration index B) its share-penetration index is low C) its share-penetration index is high D) its product-penetration percentage is high E) it has a low market potential
answer
B
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114) During a recession, the market demand curve, which is a function of marketing expenditure, ________. A) shifts upward B) becomes vertical C) remains unaffected D) shifts downward E) slopes downward
answer
D
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115) The sales goal set for a product line, company division, or sales representative of an organization is called ________. A) sales budget B) company sales forecast C) sales quota D) company sales potential E) market potential
answer
C
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116) A ________ is a conservative estimate of the expected volume of sales for a business, primarily for making purchasing, production, and cash flow decisions. A) sales budget B) company sales forecast C) sales quota D) company sales potential E) market potential
answer
A
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117) A ________ is the limit approached by market demand as industry marketing expenditures approach infinity for a given marketing environment. A) sales budget B) company sales forecast C) sales quota D) company sales potential E) market potential
answer
E
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118) A ________ is the company's estimated share of market demand at alternative levels of company marketing effort in a given time period. A) sales budget B) market demand C) company demand D) company sales potential E) market potential
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C
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119) A ________ is the sales limit approached by company demand as company marketing effort increases relative to that of competitors. A) sales budget B) market demand C) company demand D) company sales potential E) market potential
answer
D
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120) A company's sales potential would be equal to market potential if ________. A) the marketing expenditure of the company is reduced to zero B) industry marketing expenditures approach infinity for a given marketing environment C) the market is non-expandable D) market minimum is equal to market potential E) the company gets 100 percent share of the market
answer
E
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and environmental conditions. A) company demand B) market demand C) company sales potential D) sales quota E) total market potential
answer
E
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122) Suppose an individual buyer purchases three pairs of shoes each year at $50 each pair and that there are 50 million such consumers in the economy. Compute the total market potential for shoes. A) $5,000 million B) $6,500 million C) $7,500 million D) $10,000 million E) $75 billion
answer
C
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123) The ________ method of determining area market potential calls for identifying all the potential buyers in each market and estimating their potential purchases. A) group-discussion B) market-test C) market-buildup D) brand development index E) multiple-factor index
answer
C
question
124) An efficient method of estimating area market potentials makes use of the ________, developed by the US Bureau of the Census in conjunction with the Canadian and Mexican governments. It classifies all manufacturing into 20 major industry sectors and further breaks each sector into a six-digit, hierarchical structure. A) Nielsen Media Research B) Multiple-Factor Index Method C) Brand Development Index D) Market Buildup Method E) North American Industry Classification System
answer
E
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125) Which of the following organizations is likely to use the multiple-factor index method to estimate the market potential? A) a firm that manufactures auto parts B) a firm that provides facility management services to large offices C) a company that provides Web site development services for small businesses D) a company that manufactures diagnostic machines for hospitals E) a firm that manufactures fashionable clothes for teenagers
answer
E
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126) Which of the following is true of the various elements of the multi-factor index method of estimating area market potentials? A) Zip+4 code centers generally have stable boundaries and a population of about 4000. B) The weights in the buying-power index are somewhat arbitrary. C) Normally, the lower the BDI, the less room there is to grow the brand. D) Census tracts are a little larger than neighborhoods. E) This method is primarily used by business marketers.
answer
B
question
127) Suppose Concrete Express, a cement manufacturing firm, finds that its sales have increased by 3 percent this year, while industry sales have increased by 5 percent. This implies that ________. A) Concrete Express has acquired additional market share in relation to the cement industry B) Concrete Express is losing its relative standing in the cement industry C) other players in the industry are losing market share D) the absolute market share of Concrete Express has declined E) Concrete Express's position in relation to the industry has remain unchanged
answer
B
question
128) For which of the following categories of products will demand forecasting be easiest? A) commodities which are in the initial stage of their product life cycles B) products which have many close substitutes in the market C) goods which are produced in an oligopoly market D) products whose sales fluctuate widely E) products whose consumers are highly sensitive to change in price
answer
C
question
129) Novamalt Inc., a manufacturer of health drinks, plans to introduce its new range of health drinks for women into the market. It involves a specialized marketing research firm to forecast the sales of this product. The research firm analyzes past buying behavior of customers and uses time-series analysis for making the sales forecasts. Which of the following information bases is being used by the research firm in this scenario? A) what people say B) what people do C) what people have done D) what people will do E) what people speculate
answer
C
question
130) Time-series analysis based on past sales breaks past time series into four components — trend, cycle, seasonal, and ________. A) regular B) annual C) erratic D) recurring E) periodic
answer
C
question
131) ________ projects the next period's sales by combining an average of past sales and the most recent sales, giving more weight to the latter. A) Time-series analysis B) Statistical demand analysis C) Econometric analysis D) Cost effectiveness analysis E) Exponential smoothing
answer
E
question
132) ________ measures the impact of a set of causal factors (such as income, marketing expenditures, and price) on the sales level. A) Time-series analysis B) Statistical demand analysis C) Econometric analysis D) Cost effectiveness analysis E) Exponential smoothing
answer
B
question
133) The sales forecasting method of ________ builds sets of equations that describe a system and statistically derives the different parameters that make up the equations statistically. A) time-series analysis B) statistical demand analysis C) econometric analysis D) cost effectiveness analysis E) exponential smoothing
answer
C
question
134) The available market is the set of consumers who have interest, income, and access to a particular offer.
answer
TRUE
question
135) The distance between the market minimum and the market potential shows the overall product penetration percentage.
answer
FALSE
question
136) The absolute limit of company demand is the market potential; the two would be equal if the company captured 100 percent of the market.
answer
TRUE
question
137) If a cheese factory was interested in estimating the market potential for a new light cheese and estimated the potential by multiplying a base number (population) by several adjusting percentages (e.g., personal discretionary income per capita, average percentage of discretionary income spent on food, etc.), it would be using the chain-ratio method to estimate market potential.
answer
TRUE
question
138) Normally, the lower the market-penetration index, the higher the marketing opportunity in that there is room to grow the brand.
answer
FALSE
question
139) Demand estimates prepared by companies are based on four different time periods.
answer
FALSE
question
140) The penetrated market is the set of consumers who have an interest in a market offer but do not have the accessibility.
answer
FALSE
question
141) Market demand for a product is the total volume that would be bought by a defined customer group in a defined geographical area in a defined time period in a defined marketing environment under a defined marketing program.
answer
TRUE
question
142) The market forecast shows expected market demand, not maximum market demand.
answer
TRUE
question
143) Companies assume that the lower the product-penetration percentage, the lower will be the market potential.
answer
FALSE
question
144) In order to estimate future demand, companies commonly prepare a company sales forecast first, followed by an industry forecast, and finally a macroeconomic forecast.
answer
FALSE
question
145) Forecasting is the art of anticipating what buyers are likely to do under a given set of conditions.
answer
TRUE
question
146) Sales reps might have better insight into developing trends than any other group, and forecasting might give them greater confidence in their sales quotas and more incentive to achieve them.
answer
TRUE
question
147) What does total market potential mean? How can it be estimated?
answer
Total market potential is the maximum sales available to all firms in an industry during a given period, under a given level of industry marketing effort and environmental conditions. A common way to estimate total market potential is to multiply the potential number of buyers by the average quantity each purchases, times the price. A variation on this method is the chain-ratio method, which multiplies a base number by several adjusting percentages.
question
148) Suppose a cotton-textile company wants to estimate the area market potential for its high quality fabrics in Houston. List the possible steps that the marketers will follow to compute the area market potential.
answer
The marketers may follow the following steps: Identify all the potential buyers of textile in the area, primarily the firms manufacturing readymade garments in that area. In order to do that, the company may compile a list from a directory of all manufacturing establishments in the area. Then it can estimate the quantity of fabrics each firm might purchase to produce garments worth $1 million. Compiling the quantity required by each of the firms, the marketers can estimate the area market potential of the fabric produced by the textile company.
question
149) Briefly describe the methods of forecasting future demand on the basis of past sales.
answer
The methods are: 1. Time-series analysis, that breaks past time series into four components (trend, cycle, seasonal, and erratic) and projects them into the future 2. Exponential smoothing, that projects the next period's sales by combining an average of past sales and the most recent sales, giving more weight to the latter 3. Statistical demand analysis, which measures the impact of a set of causal factors (such as income, marketing expenditures, and price) on the sales level 4. Econometric analysis, which builds sets of equations that describe a system and statistically derives the different parameters that make up the equations statistically.
question
150) Organix Internationals LLC is planning to introduce its new range of breakfast cereals. List the different product levels that it considers while formulating the demand estimates for the new product.
answer
The six different product levels that Organix needs to consider to formulate the demand estimates for its new range of cereals are all sales, industry sales, company sales, product line sales, product from sales, and product item sales.
question
151) Suppose the Belgian government prohibits sale of cigarettes to people below 20 years of age. Who are likely to comprise the qualified available market for Dunhill, a manufacturer of herbal cigarettes in Belgium?
answer
Eligible adults (i.e., people above 20 years of age), who have interest and affordability constitute the qualified available market for the cigarettes in Belgium.
question
152) If the ratio between current and potential levels of market demand is close to one, what can you infer about the industry's market-penetration index and the growth potential of the firms in the industry?
answer
The industry has a high market-penetration index and there is a negligible growth potential for all the firms in the industry.
question
153) How does the marketing environment determine the position of the market demand function?
answer
During economic prosperity the market demand function shifts up as every dollar spent in stimulating demand leads to a greater market demand. Whereas during recession the market demand function shifts downward as an equal increase in marketing expenditure leads to a smaller increase in market demand.
question
154) Suppose 100 million people consume black tea every year, and an average consumer consumes 8 kgs of tea at an average price of $3 per kg. Compute the total market potential for tea.
answer
$2,400 million
question
155) Simpsons, a manufacturer of air conditioners, finds that its sales potential is less than its market potential even when it spends a sufficient amount on advertisements and after sale services. What is the basic reason behind such an observation by the marketers of Simpsons?
answer
Company sales potential is less than the market potential, even when a company's marketing expenditures increase considerably because each firm has a set of loyal consumers unresponsive to other companies' efforts to woo them.
question
156) Two major methods of computing area market potential are market build-up method and multiple factor-index method. Which of these methods will Nexus Enterprises, a manufacturer of auto parts implement to estimate its market potential?
answer
Nexus Enterprise will implement market-build up method to estimate its area market potential as this method is primarily used by business marketers such as Nexus.
question
157) Suppose the brand development index of the detergent manufactured by Fasclean in Boston is 90 and in Austin is 48. Compare the marketing opportunity of Fasclean detergent in the two cities.
answer
Fasclean has a greater marketing opportunity for its detergent in Austin than it has in Boston.
question
158) Suppose Redbus, a player in the small car market, is planning to launch its new range of hybrid cars. It decides to estimate the future demand for its new car before launching it in the market. If interviewing consumers is not practical, what alternative technique might it resort to?
answer
When buyer interviewing is impractical, Redbus may ask its sales representatives to estimate the future sales or use expert opinions.
