Lung Cancer Epidemiology-Type Notes – Flashcards
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epithelial lung cancers: list
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-small cell lung cancer -non-small cell lung cancers
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non-small cell lung cancers: subtypes
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-squamous cell carcinoma -adenocarcinomna -large cell carcinoma -lung carcinoid tumor
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lung adenocarcinoma: subtype
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma
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small cell lung cancer vs non-small cell lung cancers: which is more common
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non-small cell lung cancers
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non-small cell lung cancers: make up what percentage of all lung cancers
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85%
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lung cancer: mc overall
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adenocarcinoma
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lung cancer: 2nd mc
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squamous cell carcinoma
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lung cancer: 3rd mc
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small cell carcinoma
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lung cancer: 4th mc
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large cell carcinoma
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lung cancers: list ones that arise from neuroendocrine cells
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-small cell carcinoma -lung carcinoid tumor
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small cell carcinoma: neuroendocrine markers
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-CD56 -NCAM -synaptophysin -chromogranin-A⊕ -neuron specific enolase (NSE)⊕
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small cell carcinoma: associated oncogene
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myc
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small cell carcinoma: paraneoplastic secretions
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-ADH -ACTH -antibodies
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small cell carcinoma: paraneoplastic antibodies are against what
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-presynaptic Ca channels--> ELS -neurons--> neuro sxs
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small cell carcinoma: tx
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chemo + radiation
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small cell carcinoma: not usually amenable to what
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surgery
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most common lung cancer in: -non-smokers
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adenocarcinoma
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most common lung cancer in: -female smokers
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adenocarcinoma
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adenocarcinoma: associated with which condition
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hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
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hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: PE finding
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clubbing
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adenocarcinoma: oncogenic mutations
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-KRAS -EGFR -ALK
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adenocarcinoma: ones with EGFR mutations can be tx with what
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EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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adenocarcinoma: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for tx
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-erlotinib -gefitinib
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most common lung cancer in: -male smokers
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squamous cell carcinoma
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squamous cell carcinoma: mc location
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central -hilar mass
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squamous cell carcinoma: other location
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apex
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squamous cell carcinoma located in apex: aka
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pancoast tumor
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squamous cell carcinoma: arises from what
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bronchus
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squamous cell carcinoma: paraneoplastic secretion
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PTH-rP
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large cell carcinoma: location
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-peripheral -central
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large cell carcinoma: charac
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highly anaplastic
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large cell carcinoma: prognosis
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poor
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large cell carcinoma: strong association with what
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smoking
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large cell carcinoma: tx
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surgical resection
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carcinoid tumor: origin
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neuroendocrine cells
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carcinoid tumor: neuroendocrine marker
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chromogranin-A⊕
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carcinoid tumor: smoking relation
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not related
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carcinoid tumor: response to chemo
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strong
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carcinoid tumor: prognosis
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excellent
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: location
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peripheral
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: arise along preexisting what
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-alveoli -bronchioles
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: comprised of which cells
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columnar cells
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: columnar cells arise from which cells
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clara cells
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: smoking relation
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not related
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: CXR findings may show what
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pneumonia-like consolidation
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bronchioalveolar carcinoma: prognosis
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excellent
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lung cancer: genetic predisposition depends on mutations in which genes
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-oncogenes -tumor suppressor genes
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lung cancer: list oncogenes that can be involved
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-KRAS -MYC family -HER-2/neu -BCL-2 -EGFR -ALK
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lung cancer: list tumor suppressor genes that can be involved
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-*p53* -p16 -p63 -p40 -retinoblastoma-1 (RB-1)
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lung cancers with greatest smoking association
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-squamous cell carcinoma -small cell carcinoma
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lung cancers with no smoking association
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-bronchioalveolar carcinoma -lung carcinoid tumor
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adenocarcinoma: smoking association
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weak
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large cell carcinoma: smoking association
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strong
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lung cancer: where do they travel before metastasizing
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regional LNs -hilar -mediastinal
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lung cancer: mc site of metastasis
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adrenal glands
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lung cancer: 2nd mc site of metastasis
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liver
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lung cancer: 3rd mc site of metastasis
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brain
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lung cancer: 4th mc site of metastasis
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bone
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lung cancer: list site of metastasis
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-adrenal glands -liver -brain -bone
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primary lung cancer vs metastatic lung cancer: which is mc
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metastatic lung cancer
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metastatic lung cancer: mc site of origin
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breast cancer
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metastatic lung cancer: 2nd mc site of origin
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colon cancer
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metastatic lung cancer: another common site of origin
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renal cell carcinoma
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metastatic lung cancer: list mc primary sites of origin
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-breast cancer -colon cancer -renal cell carcinoma
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metastatic lung cancer: locations in lung
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-parenchyma -pleura -pleural space -lymphatics
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metastatic lung cancer: CXR findings of parenchymal location
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*coin lesions* -multiple nodular lesions
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metastatic lung cancer: symptoms of lymphatic location
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severe dyspnea
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metastatic lung cancer: mc symptom
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severe dyspnea
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primary lung cancer: mc symptom
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cough
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primary lung cancer: complications
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-horner syndrome -SVC syndrome -paraneoplastic syndrome
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primary lung cancer: how does horner syndrome arise
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pancoast tumor
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pancoast tumor: mech of causing horner syndrome
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pancoast tumor--> mass effect--> superior cervical ganglion destruction
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lung cancer: overall combined 5-yr survival rate
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15%
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lung cancer: mnemonic for complications
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SPHERE of complications
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SPHERE: S
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SVC syndrome
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SPHERE: P
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-pancoast tumor -phrenic nerve compression—> diaphragmatic paralysis
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SPHERE: H
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horner syndrome
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SPHERE: E
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endocrine -paraneoplastic syndrome
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SPHERE: R
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recurrent laryngeal nerve compression--> hoarseness
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SPHERE: E
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effusions -pleural effusion -pericardial effusion
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adenocarcinoma: mc driver mutation
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EGFR
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adenocarcinoma: 2nd mc driver mutation
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KRAS
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squamous cell carcinoma: mc driver mutation (I think)
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EGFR-1
