K419 cardiorespiratory endurance assessment

heart, blood vessels, blood, lungs and relevant muscles during various types of exercise demands

large, dynamic, moderate-to-high intensity, prolonged

-evaluate functional aerobic capacity (VO2 max) or ones ability to perform a work task -classifies the CRF level of the individual and provides baseline data -provides data to track and evaluate progress of the exercise program-may serve as a motivator -gives objective data for accurate, precise exercise prescription (max test only) -screening for CHD or other health problems

1) the greatest rate at which oxygen can be consumed during exercise or the maximal rate at which oxygen can be taken up, distributed, and used by the body during physical activity 2) the capacity of heart, lungs and blood to transport oxygen to the working muscles 3) the utilization of oxygen by the muscles during exercise which corresponds to caloric expenditure

-measured in L/min or ml/min and provides a measure of energy expenditure -directly related to body size & is a predictor of endurance performance in non-weight bearing sport

-allows for comparison of individuals who differ in body size and thus VO2 is expressed relative to body weight (ml/kg/min) -used to estimate the energy cost of weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, aerobic dancing, stair climbing & bench stepping

1) Informed consent 2) Health History 3) Screening-Risk Stratification-Clearance 4) Resting Data 5) Selection of appropriate CRE test

individual attempts to cover as much distance as possible in 12 minutes: hard to measure exact distance

-Contraindicated for unconditioned beginner -individual attempts to cover the distance as fast as possible (ind should be able to run 15 min continuously) -assumes individual has run the distance at max speed

-client must be able to get ex HR above 120 bpm -individual walks one mile as fast as possible and hr is measured in final minute during last 1/4 mile -equations developed for elderly subjects as well as college age students

-Multi-level tests administered using a bench, cycle ergometer or treadmill -Incremental work loads increased every 2-3 min -Commonly measured variables during GXT: hr, bp and rpe -O2 uptake increases with ea stage of the GXT until CRF reaches its upper limit and VO2 does not increase as the test proceeds indicating VO2 max is reached -The value of this process is assuming that steady state work effort is being reached-if not, VO2 will be overestimated

-assumes a steady-state HR at each exercise intensity and a linear relationship b/t HR, oxygen uptake and work intensity (light to moderate workloads) -mechanical efficiency is constant for all individuals (as a result, VO2 max tends to overestimate for highly trained individuals and underestimate for untrained, sedentary individuals due to HR response to WL) -max HR (220-age) for clients of a given age is similar, but it yields a low estimate -HR max has been shown to vary as much as +/- 11 bpm-expect considerable error (10-15% + or -) when submax data is extrapolated from age-predicted HR max

Advantages -Inexpensive -Less equipment, personnel and supervision than max -Allows for testing large groups -Shorter in duration Disadvantages -Max measurements are not taken-predicted -VO2 prediction error (10-20%) -Limited diagnostic capability -Limited ex rx purposes w/o measured HR

-measures hr response to one or more step rates or heights, or by measuring recovery heart rates -Adv: require little equipment, inexpensive, transportable, low-skill, short duration -Disadv: deconditioned, elderly, balance issues, orthopedic issues

-requires 12 in high bench, metronome set at a cadence of 96 bpm -3 minutes of stepping (24 steps/min ) -measure HR for 1 minute of recovery (bp issues) -record post ex recovery HR -demonstrate stepping pattern to cadence

-subjects step at a rate of 22 steps/min (females) or 24 steps/min (males) for 3 minutes -bench height is 16.25 in (college-aged students) -after exercise, subject remains standing, waits 5 seconds and takes a 15-sec hr count

this test is for young men who step 30 times per minute for 5 minutes on a 20-in bench

-inexpensive, transportable, space efficient bp & hr easily measured, accurate workloads -provide non-weight-bearing test modality in which work rates are easily adjusted in small work-rate increments //subjects tend to be least anxious using this device

-may be an unfamiliar method for many resulting in localized muscle fatigue, must maintain cadence -VO2 max may be 5-25% lower depending on conditioning and leg strength

intent of the test is to extrapolate the line describing the HR-work rate relationship out to the person's age-adjusted maximal HR to estimate VO2 max this test addresses the concerns of body weight, and fitness level by starting everyone at 150 kpm/min this protocol uses 3 or 4 consecutive 3-minute WL on the ergometer designed to raise the HR b/t 110 and 150 bpm pedal rate is 50 rpm and initial workload is 150 kgm/min or 0.5kpm or 25 W HR is measured during the last minute of the initial WL to determine subsequent WL set the 3rd and 4th WL accordingly as given by the protocol measure the HR during the last 30 seconds of minutes 2 and 3 at each WL, if HR differs by more than 5 bpm, extend the WL an additional minute until the HR stabilizes if client's steady-state HR reaches or exceeds 150 bpm during the 3rd WL-terminate the test and follow cool-down/recovery protocol see Steps to Administering a SubMax Cycle Test calculate the energy expenditure using the HR response to the last two WL

Single-stage test lasting 6 min Varied work rates based on sex and fitness status (see chart on pg 72 of GETP7) Pedal rate is set at 50 rpm Goal is to obtain HR's b/t 125 and 170 bpm HR is measured during the 5th & 6th min Ave of 2 HR's is used to estimate Vo2 max from a nomogram (Fig. 4-1, pg 73 GETP7) Value found must be age adjusted by taking VO2 x an age based correction factor (see pg 72)