k12History 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11 – Flashcards
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Which steam-powered method of transport quickly outpaced transport by canal?
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railroad
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What was one of the first inventions that made it possible to communicate almost instantly over long distances?
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telegraph
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How did Andrew Carnegie influence U.S. businesses and, in turn, the U.S. economy?
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His steelworks helped the United States become the world's leading industrial power.
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What was one of Thomas Edison's most important accomplishments?
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He brought light and electrical power to homes and businesses.
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Which helped bring about the Industrial Revolution in England?
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plentiful supplies of iron and coal
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Which industry launched the Industrial Revolution?
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textile
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Which invention helped the textile industry move from homes to factories?
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Arkwright's water frame
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Which steam-powered method of transportation quickly outpaced earlier forms for transporting goods and people?
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railroad
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Which source of power was introduced in the late 1800s?
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electricity
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Which production method emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution?
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assembly line
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Which best describes one result of Henry Ford's new production method?
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Products made by his method took less time to build, so they cost less.
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What is a corporation?
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a business owned by a group of investors who share in the profits and losses
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Which was a result of industrialization?
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overcrowded cities
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Which best explains the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?
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Factories required skilled, educated managers and office workers.
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Who envisioned a kind of socialism known as communism?
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Karl Marx
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Which describes the major thesis contained in Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?
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All plants and animals have gradually evolved over time through a process called natural selection.
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For what reason did John Stuart Mill believe the government should get involved in the economy?
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to help the poor and the powerless
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What did Karl Marx believe would happen to capitalism?
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It would be overthrown by the large class of workers.
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Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto that the history of man had been defined by what?
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class struggle
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What was Charles Darwin's theory regarding plant and animal life?
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All plants and animals have gradually evolved over time through a process called natural selection.
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What does the term standard of living refer to?
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the level of wealth, comfort, health, material goods, and necessities available to a group
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Which achievement improved the standard of living in the late 1800s?
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the discovery of the link between germs and disease
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Which is an example of the new mass society that emerged in the late 1800s?
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professional sports teams
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Which was a reason for European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
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need for raw materials
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Which was a justification for European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
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social Darwinism
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Which event led the British government to shut down the East India Company and rule India directly?
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the Sepoy Mutiny
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What did Britain do to correct its balance of trade with China?
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sell opium
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How did industrialization in Europe lead to the colonization of Africa?
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Europeans needed new sources of raw materials.
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The European scramble to build empires from the 1870s to about 1910 is often called the ____________.
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New Imperialism
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What did some European imperialists use to justify imperialism?
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social Darwinism
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Which was an impact of European imperialism on the people of Africa?
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The racist attitudes of the Europeans bred resentments among Africans that would last for decades.
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What resulted from the Sepoy Rebellion or Sepoy Mutiny?
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The British government took over control of India.
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Which was an impact of British imperialism on the people of India?
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Most Indians lived in poverty and were discriminated against by the British.
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What group formed to push for self-rule in India?
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Indian National Congress
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Which was a benefit of British rule in India?
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establishment of schools
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Which item did England export to China in an attempt to battle its trade deficit with that country?
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opium
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Which was a goal of Sun Yat-sen in calling for revolution in China?
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creating a democratic republic
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Which was the result of the Sino-Japanese War?
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Taiwan was given to Japan.
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What started the Opium War?
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China's attempt to end the opium trade
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In the late 1800s, Japanese leaders decided that the best way to avoid being dominated by imperialist nations was to ____________.
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become an industrial nation
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Which best describes the relationship between the United States and the Philippines around the turn of the twentieth century?
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The United States took control of the Philippines from Spain.
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Which belief did many Americans use to justify the U.S. takeover of the Philippines?
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It was their duty to civilize the Filipinos.
