question

What are the 4 steps to an Action Plan?

answer

1. Assess, evaluate 2. Define, diagnose 3. Plan, prioritize 4. Take action, implement plan

question

What are the Kolb Phases

answer

1. Concrete Experience 2. Reflective Observation 3. Abstract Conceptualization 4. Active Experimentation

question

Describe Kolb's concrete experience

answer

directly involved with hands on

question

Describe Kolb's reflective observation

answer

rather watch to learn

question

Describe Kolb's abstract conceptualization

answer

must organize learning

question

Describe Kolb's active experimentation

answer

lean best by doing, by "trying it out"

question

What is the difference between extroversion and introversion?

answer

talk to people to learn vs. wanting privacy

question

What is the difference between sensing and intuition?

answer

relates new, abstract concepts to prior concrete knowledge vs. observes abstractly and through imagination

question

What is the difference between thinking and feeling?

answer

must know the content vs. helping others know

question

What is the difference between judgement and perception?

answer

careful planning vs. study if feels like it

question

Describe concrete sequential style

answer

people like structure and are organized and pragmatic; repetitive drilling flashcards and verbal quizzing

question

Describe abstract sequential style

answer

prefer pictures and ideas and are often considered inconsistent or highly variable in their study patterns

question

Describe concrete random style

answer

learners prefer to study alone they excel at distance learning, where Independence is required

question

Describe abstract random style

answer

learners use their emotions and senses to grasp new information

question

What are the RN role elements

answer

care provider, counselor, educator, manager, advocate, collaborator, change agent, role model, mentor, researcher, entrepreneur

question

What are some differences between LPN and RN roles?

answer

education level critical thinking assessment skills care planning legal responsibility IV Therapy communication skills patient teaching skills

question

What is the NCSBN

answer

unifying body for state boards of nursing

question

What are the six standards of practice?

answer

ADOPIE 1. assessment 2. diagnosis 3. outcomes identification 4. planning 5. implementation 6. evaluation

question

What are the nine standards of professional performance?

answer

1. quality of practice 2. education 3. professional practice evaluation 4. collegiality 5. collaboration 6. ethics 7. research 8. resource utilization 9. leadership

question

Who believes that the role of nursing is to put the patient in the best condition possible for healing to take place?

answer

Florence Nightingale

question

What are the three primary ADN roles?

answer

1. provider of care 2. manager of care 3. member of the profession

question

During the middle ages most nursing care was performed by whom?

answer

religious orders

question

Who is the "lady with the lamp"?

answer

Florence Nightingale she also changed nursing to become a respectable profession and believed nursing was an art, one that required organized practical, and scientific training

question

Who is the angel of the battlefield?

answer

Clara Barton

question

who organized the American red cross

answer

Clara Barton

question

What is Lillian Wald known for?

answer

established a visiting nursing service for poor families in NYC

question

What is Mary Breckenridge known for?

answer

organized a frontier nurses organization in rural Kentucky that is still in operation today

question

What is Linda Richards known for?

answer

known as America's first trained nurse

question

What is Isabel Hampton Robb known for?

answer

reduced working hours of students and promoted licensure exams

question

What is Mary Adelaide Nutting known for?

answer

wrote a book on the history of nursing

question

What is Mildred Montag known for?

answer

Promoted creation of the associate degree as a shorter route into nursing

question

What is Dorothea Dix known for?

answer

Boston school teacher who had been crusading to improve care of the mentally ill in institutions she also organized a training program for women volunteers to care for the wounded during civil war

question

What war marked the first time trained nurses were accepted in military hospitals

answer

Spanish-american war

question

What is medicare?

answer

national and state health insurance program for older adults

question

What is medicaid?

answer

federal public assistance program to assist those with financial needs

question

mental operations

answer

decision making and reasoning

question

knowledge

answer

having the facts and understanding the reason behind the knowledge

question

attitudes

answer

curious/opne-minded/non-judgmental...

question

what is the percentage breakdown of basic communication

answer

10% verbal 70-90% nonverbal

question

what are the requirements of therapeutic communication

answer

empathy genuineness positive regard self awareness nonjudgemtal

question

what are communication facilitators

answer

use warmth, acceptance, friendliness, openness, empathy, and respect provide privacy, confidentiality, and comfort appropriate humor and touch always ask permission to touch a patient

question

what are some communication blockers?

answer

condescending language "why" task oriented approach referring to pt. as room or bed number failing to listen attentively offering unsolicited advice or false reassurances using cliches engaging in gossip

question

What are the phases of the Nurse-patient relationship?

answer

1. orientation or introductory phase - intro, goal setting orients patient to facility, unit, room and health care team 2. working phase - longest phase begins with assessment, interview and physical exam and continues until the relationship is terminated 3. Termination phase-nurse/pt relationship is completed, pt may need support because they may feel a "safety net" is lost

question

What does SBAR stand for?

answer

situation background assessment recommendation

question

RNs cannot delegate what?

answer

assessment, planning, evaluation, nursing judgement

question

What are the 5 rights

answer

1. right task 2. right circumstance 3. right person 4. right direction 5 right supervision/evaluation recently added right documentation

question

What Is Evidence-Based Practice?

answer

Evidence-based practice (EBP) Integration of the best available evidence, combined with clinical expertise, enabling health practitioners of all varieties to address health care questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach Reflects clinical expertise that is integrated with the best scientific evidence, patient values and preferences, and clinical circumstances

question

Define Evidence-Based Practice

answer

Integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research Process by which nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research evidence, their clinical expertise, and patient preferences

question

what are the five steps of evidence based practice?

answer

Five fundamental steps Step 1: Construct a relevant, answerable question from an identified clinical concern. Step 2: Search the literature for the best external evidence that addresses the clinical concern. Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence for validity and applicability. Step 4: Apply the evidence to your clinical concern. Step 5: Evaluate your performance.

question

Quantitative study

answer

Asks the question who, what, why, where, when, or how; describes the relationship among variables

question

Qualitative study

answer

Attempts to clarify underlying assumptions that are vague or unclear by asking what the perceptions, beliefs, or tenets are within a particular setting

question

criteria

answer

used to test whether instruments, tools, machines, and research designs will give accurate results.

question

reliability

answer

measures the device or technique, or the instrument, used to collect data by asking how trustworthy it is at gathering the intended data.

question

validity

answer

measures the degree to which an instrument is measuring what it is supposed to measure.

question

direct research utilization

answer

Actually changes a practice habit or includes a new intervention in practice

question

indirect research utilization

answer

Enhances knowledge base

question

persuasive research utilization

answer

Advocates for a practice change

question

what is theory based practice

answer

Provides a systematic, knowledgeable approach to patient care Contributes to the professional growth of the nurse and the nursing profession as a whole

question

describe nursing theory

answer

Provides a systematic, knowledgeable approach to patient care Serves as a tool for critical thinking and decision-making in nursing practice

question

distinguish between concepts and constructs

answer

Concepts Are building blocks of a nursing theory that is initiated based on a personal philosophy or belief about nursing May be abstract or concrete Describe and classify a phenomenon of interest Thought of as an idea and must be clearly defined Constructs Similar to concepts but more abstract

question

distinguish between deductive and inductive reasoning

answer

Deductive reasoning Proceeds from the general to the specific Inductive reasoning Proceeds from the specific to the general

question

describe systems theory

answer

All parts of a system are connected A change in one part will have an effect on another

question

describe florence nightingales philosophy of nursing

answer

Philosophy of Nursing Describes the nurse's function as one that puts the patient in the best condition for nature (God) to act on him or her Focuses on the environment and describes in detail the concepts of light, cleanliness, ventilation, warmth, diet, and noise Three major relationships Environment to patient Nurse to environment Nurse to patient

question

describe virginia hendersons philosophy of nursing

answer

Definition of Nursing Assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) Credited with integrating the view of holism into nursing Identified 14 needs that can be broadly categorized in terms of physical, psychological, emotional, sociological, spiritual, or developmental needs

question

who had the philosophy of sceince and CARING and describe it

answer

Jean Watson Philosophy of Science and Caring (originated 1979) Organized around 10 carative factors that attempted to honor the human dimensions of nursing's work and the subjective experiences of the people nurses serve Caring-healing paradigm Commitment to self-care

question

describe patricia benners philosophy of nursing

answer

Patricia Benner From Novice to Expert Focuses on clinical nursing practice and her belief that nursing knowledge accrues over time Five levels of skill acquisition Novice Advanced beginner Competent Proficient Expert

question

A nurse is using a caring-healing paradigm with 10 carative factors to plan nursing care. Which nurse developed this philosophy? 1. Patricia Benner 2. Jean Watson 3. Virginia Henderson 4. Nola Pender

answer

ANSWER AND RATIONALE: 2. Jean Watson. Watson states that her original work was organized around 10 carative factors and believes that if an individual works from a caring-healing paradigm, then it must be lived out in daily life through a commitment to self-care. 1. Patricia Benner's philosophy (from Novice to Expert) focuses on clinical nursing practice and her belief that nursing knowledge accrues over time. 3. Virginia Henderson is well known for the definition of nursing, which states that nursing's primary responsibility is "to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible" (Henderson, 1966, p. 7). 4. Nola J. Pender developed the Health Promotion Model based on the belief that the patient assumes an active role in managing his or her own health.

question

who is known as the mother of psychiatric nursing

answer

Hildegard E. Peplau Known as the mother of psychiatric nursing Theory of Interpersonal Relations (1952) This is grounded in practice and based on the belief that the goal of nursing should be directed toward reducing dependence and encouraging autonomy. Nurse, patient, health, and environment are interconnected and should be viewed within the context of the environment. Interpersonal relationship occurs in interlocking and overlapping phases. Preorientation, orientation, working, and termination

question

describe ida jean orlando's theory

answer

Nursing Process Theory The goals of the nurse are to meet the immediate needs of the patient and relieve distress or discomfort. Nursing practice should be autonomous. Nurses must explore the patient's thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. Assessment includes verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Using the nursing process in the provision of nursing care provides an overall framework for nursing and is effective in achieving a good outcome.

question

describe nola j pender's health promotion model

answer

Nola J. Pender Health Promotion Model Based on the belief that the patient assumes an active role in managing his or her own health Focuses on wellness and clarifies the nurse's role in health promotion Focuses on 10 determinants of health promoting behavior: (1) prior related behavior, (2) personal factors, (3) perceived benefits to an action, (4) perceived barriers to an action, (5) perceived self-efficacy, (6) activity-related affect, (7) interpersonal influences, (8) situational influences, (9) commitment to a plan of action, and (10) intermediate competing demands and preferences

question

describe madeline leininger's theory of nursing

answer

Madeline Leininger Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality The purpose is "to provide culturally congruent nursing care in order to improve or offer a different kind of nursing care service to people of diverse or similar cultures" (Leininger, 1996, p. 72). Distinguished the term transcultural nursing Leininger (1996, p. 75) stated that: "Nurses need to realize that humans are complex beings who want their holistic views of life, care, culture, and health to remain together and do not want to be viewed as fragmented organs or body parts."

question

describe margaret a newmans theory of nursing

answer

Margaret A. Newman Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness This focuses on patterns, life processes, and wholeness. Life process is a progression toward higher levels of consciousness and health, and Newman believed that health and the evolving pattern of consciousness are the same. Interactions that occur between the environment and the person are key processes. Both health and illness can be seen as the manifestation of the pattern of the person-environment. Nurses need to listen to the rhythm of another person's interactive pattern (irregular, difficult to sense, or chaotic); nurses need to "hang in there" with clients (patients) until a new rhythm emerges.

question

describe dorothy e johnsons nursing model

answer

Dorothy E. Johnson Behavioral Systems Model This focuses on human behavior. The goals of nursing are to assess the internal and external environments and help the patient select mutual goals and develop interventions. Persons are composed of seven interrelated behavioral components (subsystems) that function together to form a whole. Attachment, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, achievement, restorative behavior

question

describe imogene m king's nursing model

answer

Imogene M. King Theory of Goal Attainment Humans are composed of three interacting systems (personal, interpersonal, and social). Human beings are the focus of nursing care. "Provides a process for human interactions that lead to transactions and to goal attainment for individuals, families and communities .The structure is human beings transacting with their environment" (p. 62). The goal is health for individuals, groups, society, and the world.

question

who came up with the conservation model of nursing

answer

Myra E. Levine Conservation Model It is based on three concepts: wholeness, adaptation, and conservation. Conservation occurs in four areas: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity. Health or well-being of the patient (wholeness) is sustained through adaptation, a process of change in which conservation is the outcome.

question

who came up with the healthcare systems model

answer

Betty Neuman Healthcare Systems Model A person is a complex system who responds to stressors originating in both the internal and external environments. It guides nursing practice at three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Nursing should treat the whole person, whereas systems (individuals, group, family, or community) are seen as being in constant change or motion, and interventions are aimed at maintaining stability.

question

describe the theory of self-care deficit

answer

Dorothea E. Orem Theory of Self-Care Deficit Composed of three theories: nursing systems, self-care deficit, and self-care Outcome of all nursing actions: promote self-care in all individuals Defines activities of self-care as purposeful, ordered, and learned Self-care agency: the degree to which a person is able to participate in this Self-care deficit: the degree to which the patient is unable to perform self-care Appropriate care developed through three operations: diagnostic, prescriptive, and regulatory

question

what is the roy adaptation model and who owns it

answer

Sister Callista Roy Roy Adaptation Model Based on adaptation and adaptive behaviors that are produced by altering the environment Goal: promote adaptive responses through a six-step nursing process Assessing behaviors, assessing stimuli, formulating a nursing diagnosis, setting goals to promote adaptation, implementing interventions, and evaluating whether the goals have been met Person: biopsychosocial adaptive system with physiologic, self-concept, role function, and interdependent modes

question

A nurse wants to use Imogene King's model to plan nursing care. Which principle should the nurse remember? 1. "The interpersonal relationship occurs in phases known as preorientation, orientation, working, and termination." 2. "Nursing practice will be guided towards three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary." 3. "Human beings are the focus of nursing care, and the goal is health for individuals, families, communities, and the world." 4. "Conservation is guided in four areas: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity."

answer

ANSWER AND RATIONALE: 3. "Human beings are the focus of nursing care, and the goal is health for individuals, families, communities, and the world." According to Imogene King (1996), human beings are the focus of nursing care, and the goal of the framework is health for individuals, families, communities, and the world. 1. Peplau believed that the interpersonal relationship occurs in interlocking and overlapping phases known as preorientation, orientation, working, and termination. 2. The Healthcare Systems Model by Betty Neuman guides nursing practice at three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. 4. Conservation is guided by four principles: conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity, conservation of personal integrity, and conservation of social integrity according to Myra Levine.

question

define common law

answer

Also called case law Law that has arisen from judicial decisions; "judge-made" decisions

question

define administrative law

answer

Controls the administrative operations of government

question

describe statutory law

answer

Constitutional law Enacted law For example, Nurse Practice Act

question

distinguish between assault and battery

answer

Assault and battery Assault: deliberate threat to physically harm another Battery: actual and intentional act of touching another without the person's consent

question

define negligence

answer

Negligence Failure to use such care as a reasonable prudent and careful person would use under similar circumstances Professional negligence (also called medical malpractice or professional malpractice) Omission or commission of an act that departs from the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would do in the same or similar circumstances

question

define accountability

answer

Willingness to assume responsibility and accept the consequences for your actions

question

define tort

answer

Legal wrong committed against a person or property Intentional torts Assault and battery False imprisonment Fraud Invasion of privacy Slander and defamation Unintentional torts Professional negligence

question

define malpractice

answer

Improper or unethical conduct or unreasonable lack of skill by a holder of a professional or official position Medical malpractice Professional misconduct Failure to perform professional duties Failure to meet the professional standards of care that results in harm to another

question

define malpractice

answer

Four elements must be present for a person to recover damages Duty to care: obligation exists to conform to a recognized standard of care Breach of duty: must be a failure to adhere to an obligation and a deviation from a recognized standard of care Injury: actual damages have occurred Causation: injury was foreseeable, caused by a breach of duty, and the conduct was the cause of the injury

question

what are some high risk areas for negligence and malpractice

answer

High-risk areas Medication administration Most errors: wrong dose, wrong technique, and wrong drug Emergency department Mental health settings Specialty areas

question

what are the most common malpractice claims against nurses

answer

Most common malpractice claims against nurses Failure to follow standards of care Failure to use equipment in a responsible manner Failure to communicate Failure to document Failure to assess and monitor Failure to act as a patient advocate

question

describe 2 instances for mandatory reporting

answer

Two specific types Child abuse and neglect Elder abuse and neglect Can have legal consequences for not reporting these types of situations

question

define ethics

answer

Ethics Branch of philosophy that offers a way of examining moral life Studies how we make decisions regarding right and wrong Bioethics Applies ethical theories and principles to moral issues and problems in the practice of medicine

question

define bioethics

answer

Ethics Branch of philosophy that offers a way of examining moral life Studies how we make decisions regarding right and wrong Bioethics Applies ethical theories and principles to moral issues and problems in the practice of medicine

question

distinguish between morals and values

answer

Morals What we believe to be right and wrong Often based on religious beliefs, culture, social influences, and life experiences Values Enduring beliefs or ideals Largely shaped by one's culture Can have values conflict

question

what are lawrence kohlberg theories of moral development

answer

Lawrence Kohlberg Pre-conventional Conventional Post-conventional Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me?) (Paying for a benefit) Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms) (The good boy/girl attitude) 4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation (Law and order morality) Level 3 (Post-Conventional) 5. Social contract orientation 6. Universal ethical principles (Principled conscience)

question

describe carol gilligans theory of moral development

answer

Carol Gilligan Focused on women Moral person: one who responds to need and demonstrates care and responsibility in relationships

question

define autonomy

answer

Autonomy Freedom to choose and make one's own decisions Self-determination

question

define veracity

answer

Veracity Truth-telling

question

define fidelity

answer

Fidelity Practicing faithfully within the legal boundaries Keeping promises

question

describe the ethical theory of deontolgoy

answer

Deontology Action should be judged based on the motive or intent behind the actions and does not rely on outcomes.

question

describe the ethical theory of utilitarianism

answer

Utilitarianism Action should be judged on whether it produces the greatest good and does rely on outcomes.

question

describe the ethical theory of virtue of ethics

answer

Virtue ethics If an individual develops morally desirable virtues, moral decisions and actions are more likely.

question

describe the ethic of care

answer

The ethic of care This emphasizes caring and relationships.

question

8 step model for decision making

answer

Eight-step model Gathering relevant information Stating the practical problem Identifying the ethical issues and questions Selecting the ethical principles and/or theoretical frameworks to be considered Conducting an analysis and preparing a justification Considering one or more counterarguments Exploring the options for action Selecting, completing, and evaluating the action

question

distinguish between the 5 level classification of nurses

answer

Novice Beginner, has beginning skills; lacks experience Does exactly as told Advanced beginner Gains experience in the field and demonstrates a solid performance Level most graduates are in Competent nurse Usually 2 or 3 years in the new role Develops safe organizational skills to get through the day's tasks efficiently Proficient nurse Has much experience Has beginning ability to recognize patterns and think both holistically and critically Expert nurse Has had a great deal of experience Is flexible and adaptable, responds to changes with ease

question

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

answer

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Culture of safety, or a commitment on both individual and organizational levels to accept accountability to attain excellence in performance by directing resources toward the problems

question

National Quality Forum (NQF)

answer

National Quality Forum (NQF) created a list of never events categorized into six areas Surgical events, product or device events, patient protection events, care management events, environmental events, and criminal events

question

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

answer

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Ensures that all nurses develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) for continuous quality and safety improvement Primary competencies Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Evidence-based practice Quality improvement Safety Informatics

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