Introduction to Local Anesthesia – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
what is the most invasive procedure in dentistry
answer
injection
question
Your professor's FIRST obligation is
answer
your dental patients
question
most common fear in order
answer
public speaking dentistry heights mice flying
question
iatrosedation
answer
smooth talking the patient no 4 letter words
question
Local anesthesia definition
answer
the REVERSIBLE lossof the sensation of pain in a localized area of the body injections are IRREVERSIBLE
question
name of cocaine plant
answer
erythroxlon coca cocain is a natural product
question
Inca empire
answer
pre-Columbian America Cocaine Properties well-known: they would use it in medicine by chewing on coca leaves and dripping on the trepanning sites for anesthesia .
question
Spaniards seized plantations & paid workers with coca paste what year
answer
1500s
question
Albert Niemann
answer
Isolated cocaine HCL powder in 1860s
question
Merck marketed cocaine in
answer
1862
question
Kovacain MIST
answer
2013 .05% oxymetazoline (vaso constrictor- alpha 1 agonist) 3% tetracain (local anesthetic) works on 25/30 for maxillary arch
question
Carl Koller
answer
ophthalmologist Reports local anesthetic on frog eyes in 1884 w/ Sigmund (first documented cocaine addict in history)
question
Oris Wells
answer
Nitrous oxide , general anesthesia DENTIST
question
william S. Halsted
answer
regional anesthesia 1884 injects cocaine directly into mandibular nerve
question
J. L. Corning, M.D.
answer
1885 Cocaine injected "near" spinal blood vessels of dog
question
august Bier and Hildebrandt
answer
1898 report spinal anesthesia "Bier Block" (intravenous regional anesthesia)
question
Heinrich I. Quincke
answer
1891 describes lumbar puncture
question
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
answer
3 channel forms discovered: resting open, & inactivated 1952! also realized Na+ ions pass only through open channels Shared Nobel Prize in 1963 w/ Andrew Fielding Huxley
question
Gary Strichartz
answer
(dentist) discovered NA would not traverse channels that had anesthesia on them at a ONE TO ONE ratio. one channel one molecule of anesthetic ANESTHETIC favors depolarized , open or inactive channels Anesthetic is DEPENDENT on nerve activity in order for them to take an effect .
question
ideal anesthetic
answer
has not been achieved: Non-irritating/reversible effect Low systemic toxicity Effective by injection & topical application Short onset of action Adequate duration of action without prolonged recovery
question
FDA approved lidocaine in what year?-- what year was it synthesized
answer
1948, 1943
question
Current Perspectives why we still use lidocaine
answer
low potentcy despite low TI (toxic index) it is still reported safe use amine (low allergenicity
question
Andrew Fielding Huxley
answer
3 channel forms discovered: resting open, & inactivated 1952! also realized Na+ ions pass only through open channels Shared Nobel Prize in 1963 w/Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
