question

Has the practice of nursing always existed?

answer

Yes, but its emergence as a profession has been a recent occurrence.

question

How is nursing said to have developed?

answer

From women's instinctual impulse to care for the sick and injured

question

In ancient times, there is evidence of nursing care being provided by a class of women within a tribe under the direction of a tribe's ____ ____.

answer

medicine man

question

What type of times are seen as the beginning of nursing through the establishment of hospitals?

answer

Prehistoric and ancient times

question

What prompted a cultural change emphasizing the importance of altruism and charitable services?

answer

the birth of Christianity (led to increased availability of medical care to the poor and terminally ill)

question

What began to flourish during the fifth century AD?

answer

Deaconesses, Christian orders/institutions providing care to the sick

question

The early Middle Ages saw a growth of _____ power instigating a decline in scientific growth, including skilled medical and nursing care.

answer

Church

question

The growing power of the Church that initiated the Crusades did what to nursing?

answer

Turned nursing from a religious to a military undertaking

question

Who instilled a respect for rank and the importance of discipline into the practice of nursing?

answer

The Crusades

question

What did the pilgrimages during the Crusades stimulate?

answer

The founding and an increase in the number of hospitals, creating a demand for more nurses to care for the sick

question

The Middle Ages spurred the development of which two nursing orders?

answer

Knights of St. John and the Franciscan orders

question

The ________ brought about a decline in nursing.

answer

Reformation

question

The Church's loss of power led to a shift in cultural focus from ________ to ______.

answer

religion; war

question

What was the reformation considered, and what did it lead to?

answer

Considered 'The Dark Period of Nursing' and it lead to a loss of institutional knowledge

question

What brought about what we call "traveling nurses"?

answer

Sisters of Charity

question

Who is the founder of Modern Nursing?

answer

Florence Nightingale

question

What date is International Nurses' Day?

answer

Florence Nightingale's birthday- May 12th

question

During the Crimean War, what did Nightingale emphasize?

answer

the values of cleanliness and a positive psychological state for patients

question

Nightingale maintained detailed records to show the correlation between _____ in health standards and the _____ in the mortality rate of wounded British soldiers under her care.

answer

increases; decrease

question

Nightingale's early methodologies promoted the ____ ______ _____ currently used in the profession of nursing.

answer

evidence based practice

question

What was the name of Nightingale's first texbook and what did it it teach?

answer

'Notes on Nursing'- taught how to improve health standards at home where nursing was predominantly preformed ex: pure air and water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and adequate lighting

question

What set the groundwork to distinguish the nursing profession from the rest of medicine with the use of a holistic approach in treating patients?

answer

'Notes on Nursing'

question

The establishment of _____ _____ of _____ introduced formal education and produced the world's first professionally trained nurses.

answer

Nightingale School of Nursing

question

What did Nightingale's program offer?

answer

1. knowledge for nursing success 2. building character 3. leadership skills 4. enhanced the socialization of students into the culture of nursing

question

What was the key turning point in the establishment of professional nursing b/c it illustrated the importance of nursing education, patient advocacy, sanitation, and the role of women as nurses?

answer

The Civil War

question

Today, professional nursing is rooted in ____ ____, _____, and the art of patient care as a result of the advances made during the Civil war.

answer

scientific knowledge; research

question

Who was appointed superintendent of the Office of Army Nurses and later established the first training hospital?

answer

Dorothea Dix

question

Through his vivid descriptions of camp conditions, ____ ____ helped bring awareness to sanitation issues.

answer

Walt Whitman

question

Who was known for her unrelenting attitude towards sanitation and patient rights?

answer

Mary Ann Bickerdyke

question

What set a precedent for the sanitation protocol that we follow today?

answer

The establishment of the United States sanitary Commission

question

At the beginning of the wary, men who were unable to actively serve as soldiers as well as those recovering from injuries served as _____. It was estimated that men made up ______ of the nursing population.

answer

nurses; 2/3rds

question

Due to their nursing experience, obedience and modesty, ____ were exempt from the female gender bias and favored over women that did not belong to religious orders.

answer

nuns

question

What was the view of nursing in the 1800's?

answer

Nursing was negatively viewed- nurses in American were not trained or educated and often were convicts

question

What marked a turing point for improvement in nursing as it focused on education nurses to improve quality of care?

answer

nineteenth century

question

In 1836, ____ ____Center in Germany formed the first formal training school for nurses, which instructed students on religious values, rules of ethics, and principles of nursing, emphasizing the importance of hygiene and compassion in patient care.

answer

Kaiserwerth Deaconess

question

Who created the first system of patient record-keeping and is also noted as being the first professionally trained nurse in America?

answer

Linda Richards

question

What three nursing schools were established in America in the late 1800s based on the Nightingale principles?

answer

1. Bellevue Training School in NYC 2. Connecticut Training School in New Haven 3. Boston Training School

question

The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools of Nursing, later chanted to the____ ____ of Nursing lead to discussions about implementing educational standards.

answer

National League

question

Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada, later changed to ____ ____ ___, initiated the movement towards licensing nurses.

answer

American Nurses Association

question

What led to the formation of the Army and Navy Nursing Corps, set precedence for the standards of a trained nurse, and greatly reduced the role of men in nursing?

answer

The Spanish American War

question

The success and experiences with the ____ ___ during the Spanish American War showed that organization and foresight was needed in providing relief assistance for wars to come.

answer

Red Cross

question

What was one of the deadliest diseases plaguing American troops?

answer

Typhoid fever

question

Who gave her life to the furthering the knowledge of yellow fever?

answer

Clara Maass

question

Who established standards that required nurses to provide their age and state of health, proof of graduation from an American training or medical school, and work experience?

answer

Dr. McGee

question

Dr. McGee's requirements for eligibility to serve in the military only allowed ___ ____ to work in the medical department of the Army and Navy.

answer

graduate nurses

question

The first trained male nurses were recruited to serve in the _____ but were later excluded from the Army and Navy Nurse Corps.

answer

navy

question

The care supplied by the trained female nurses in the military medical establishments demonstrated the importance of ____ when compared to the medically inexperienced male nurses at the start of the war.

answer

education

question

The _____ and ___ ____ ___ were formed in 1901 and 1907 and required nurses to complete a training program prior to entering these organizations.

answer

Army and Navy Nurse Corps

question

Who defined public health nursing? She was also the first president of the National Organization of Public Health Nursing.

answer

Lillian Wald

question

Lillian Wald founded the _____ ___ ___, a neighborhood nursing service for the impoverished families located in the lower East Side in New York City.

answer

Henry St. Settlement

question

What was the first model for health screening? The organization was non-profit and provided care to the indigent, who were once denied because they could not afford health care.

answer

Visiting Nurse Services

question

Wald propositioned the _____ ___ ____ ___ to become the financial supporter for public health nurses in exchange for nursing services.

answer

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

question

Lillian Wald advocated for the improvement of children's lives by the implementation of the ___ ___ ___.

answer

Federal Children's Bureau

question

Lillian Wald, as chairman of the Nurses' Emergency Council, mobilized nurses in a coordinated response to aid in combating what epidemic?

answer

the influenza epidemic of 1918

question

Who did Lillian Wald partner with to establish the first nationwide public health nursing service?

answer

the American Red Cross

question

Who was the first male registered nurse in the United States?

answer

L. Bissell Sandord

question

Who formed the Assembly of Men in Nursing with its focus to recruit men in nursing?

answer

Luther Christman

question

The ____ ____, a long existing religious group, formally opening the fifth school of nursing for men in 1898. It was water accredited by NLN. Prior to that, the School of Nursing for Men opened in 1914 under the head of _____ __.

answer

Alexian Brothers; Leroy Craig

question

Who founded the American Birth Control League, which later became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America? She found for woman's right to use contraceptive devices and advocated for women's autonomy and control over their own bodies.

answer

Margaret Sanger

question

___ ___ was legalized in 1937 as an approved medical necessity in the American Medical Association resolution.

answer

birth control

question

Who founded the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), which constituted a tremendous breakthrough in American midwifery practices?

answer

Mary Breckinridge

question

The ____ ___ ___ established small clinics in remote areas where nurse midwives visited patients on a regular basis during and after pregnancies, a practice that improved the quality of care in the region. This provided both midwifery and primary care for the families in their region, increased their patient survival rate by placing their clinics in strategic locations within a five-mile radius of patients.

answer

Frontier Nursing Service

question

After the death of her two children, Mary Breckinridge worked tirelessly to lower the ____ and ___ ____ rate in rural Kentucky.

answer

infant; maternal mortality

question

Name the two nurses who recognized deficiencies in the handling of pregnancy childbirth, and pediatric health in the United States.

answer

Margaret Sanger and Mary Breckinridge

question

Through social activism, Sanger encouraged a more ____ approach to patient care that focused on all aspects of a patient's illness.

answer

holistic

question

Today the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) is still in use with _____ ___ Health Centers and ___ ____ Clinics serving citizens in rural areas and medically underserved communities.

answer

Federally Qualified; Rural Health

question

This was a time of exponential growth for nursing as a profession and a change for many individual nurses to succeed; nurses were called to lead organizations that helped recruit nurses and to aid in combat casualties.

answer

World War I

question

What did the Acts of Congress establish during WWI?

answer

Army and Navy Nurse Corps

question

These two organizations helped to recruit nurses and provide adequate training for the Army and Navy Nurse Corps.

answer

The Army School of Nursing and the Nursing Service of the American Red Cross

question

Who established the Army School of Nursing?

answer

Annie Goodrich

question

Who established the Nursing Service of the American Red Cross?

answer

Jane A Delano

question

What did the Army School of Nursing call for?

answer

higher education along with proper advanced training in the hospital (this is the basis for education requirements that have to be met by professional nurses today)

question

______ ____ contributed to the nursing profession by developing a nursing curriculum and advancing procedures to provide better healthcare. Her wartime efforts helped to shape nursing education and practice.

answer

Jane Delano

question

What did the American Red Cross and the General Medical Board Committee help to transform?

answer

the public's perception of nursing; increased the number of students entering nursing school

question

Name the British nurse serving in Belgium who sacrificed her life in order to save hundreds of soliders from German labor camps.

answer

Edith Cavell

question

Acceptance and respect for the nursing profession traces back to women who were willing to put their lives in danger to care for their patients. What did Congress do in response to this?

answer

gave nurses officer ranking

question

What was published to examine hospital training and lead to an increase in education standards, creation of quality schools, and adequate training for educators and supervisors?

answer

the Goldmark Report

question

The battle for what two things has been a long-standing theme within the profession of nursing since the nineteenth century?

answer

respect and recognition

question

The struggle for _______ in the profession of nursing has proven to be even more laborious for minorities as they have dealt with the dichotomous obstacles of racism and devaluation of their chosen careers.

answer

identification

question

The efforts of individuals and organizations throughout history have led to great progress in the _____ and _____ of diversity in the profession of nursing.

answer

desegregation; acceptance

question

While the ______ that minority nurses have dealt with his hindered the maturity of the field, their success have advanced the development of nursing as a profession.

answer

adversity

question

The steadfast _____ of minorities to gain recognition within nursing changed the state of the profession.

answer

determination

question

Who has aided in the breakdown of racial and ethnic barriers in the healthcare profession through advocating and challenging exclusive laws?

answer

Minority nurses

question

Who was the first trained African American nurse who organized conventions to raise awareness about the effects of discrimination on the nursing field?

answer

Mary Mahoney

question

Who formed the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses in 1908?

answer

Martha Franklin

question

Name a minority nursing association that continues to advocate for minority health care professionals and students and provide a cohesive voice for equality in the field of nursing.

answer

the National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Nurse Associations (NCEMNA)

question

Name three minority nurse organizations that support and promote the attainment of baccalaureate and advanced degrees among minority nurses.

answer

1. the National Black Nurse Association 2. Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities 3. the National Association of Hispanic nurses

question

Who became the first African American nurse to earn a master's degree? This has helped solidify the present standard for the professional nurse, the move for advanced education.

answer

Estelle Osborn

question

Minority nurses have historically been underrepresented and discriminated against in the military but today they are receiving higher military ranks and _____ of _____.

answer

positions of authority

question

Name the first African American nurse to be appointed Chief of the Army Nurse Corps.

answer

Hazel Johnson Brown

question

Name the organization developed not only to represent Hispanic nurses, but also to advocate for improved health care among Hispanic populations.

answer

the National Association of Hispanic Nurses

question

What allows for fewer misunderstandings between nurse and patient which leads to higher rates of compliance with health plans and leads to improved health outcomes.

answer

a diverse work force

question

A more diverse work force fosters a greater understanding and appreciation of a ______ patient population and often makes patients more comfortable and willing to seek care.

answer

multicultural

question

Very seldom is a male thought of as a tradition nurse; however, it was men who first discovered the profession of _____ centuries ago.

answer

nursing

question

Male nurses still have many challenges to overcome, such as _____ that go along with the profession the pursued.

answer

stereotypes

question

In order for male nurses to continue to flourish, they must be recognized for their many ____ and accomplishments.

answer

contributions; accomplishments

question

Men were first seen in nursing care during the _____. These men "nurses" were actually injured soldiers that were well enough to aid and help others.

answer

wartime

question

Nursing care remained the same for centuries, in which lay fraternities provided care for the sick under the head of a monastery. Name four that have received credible notice.

answer

1. Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem 2. Knights of St. Lazarus 3. the Templar Knights 4. the Teutonic Knights

question

Even though there was a large time period that men were ____ from the profession, men affected the development by giving the basis of what is to be done as a nurse and showed the demand for it by opening the door for future male registered nurses.

answer

banned

question

Why were men permitted to the school that was established in 250 BC in India, but women were not?

answer

women were not "pure" enough

question

Even through the controversy, men were adamant about pushing for ___.

answer

equality

question

The School of nursing for men was one of the headstrong groups that are important to nursing because they changed the face of nursing from being ____.

answer

sexist

question

What did people believe about men in the field of nursing?

answer

That men lack emotion and have a goal-based mentality.

question

What is still widespread among nurses that is resulting in men resigning from the profession?

answer

Gender discrimination

question

As men are becoming an _____ to the profession, acceptance and more opportunities are opening up to them in which men will be lured to.

answer

asset

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