Humanities Chapter 4 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What were some Roman contributions to western civilization?
answer
alphabet, division of the year into twelve months( calendar), Christian church, democratic republic, and a legal system
question
What did the Romans value more: good government and military prowess, or cultural and artistic achievements?
answer
good government and military prowess
question
What are the two main periods of Roman history called?
answer
Roman Republic (509 to 31 B.C.E) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. to C.E. 476)
question
What people occupied Rome from 616 to 510 B.C.E.?
answer
The Etruscans
question
What is the name for the part of Italy ruled by these people?
answer
Tuscany
question
In what ways did the Etruscans help Rome rise to power?
answer
Rome was transformed into city with a working infrastructure and a thriving cultural center which had contact with other Italian cities
question
What event marks the beginning of the history of the Roman Republic?
answer
Romans expelled the Etruscans from Roman territories
question
What Roman class was represented in the Senate?
answer
Roman aristocracy (the patricians)
question
What was the name of the large open space in the center of Rome used for meetings of the Senate and the assemblies of the people?
answer
the forum
question
What was the significance of the passage of Hortesian Law? How did this influence the balance of power in the Republic?
answer
redistribution of power led to increasing tensions between the patrician and plebian, which became further strained with the rise of a strong plebian middle class
question
What territories did the Roman expansion acquire?
answer
seizure of Carthage from the Phoenicians and their territories in North Africa, Spain and Sicily, all the territories surrounding the Mediterranean, including Greece, Asia Minor and the Middle East
question
What was the impact of this expansion on the state and the colonies?
answer
stretched the administrative capabilities both within Rome and in its outer territories
question
What events in the last hundred years of the Roman Republic would cause many Romans to welcome the rule of an emperor such as Augustus?
answer
cycle of revolts and power struggles ending in violence
question
What were the two principal schools of philosophy in Rome?
answer
Epicureanism and Stoicism, both had origins in Greece
question
According to Epicurus, why should humans be able to live free from superstitious fear of the unknown and not have to fear the threat of divine retribution?
answer
gods play no part in human affairs or earthly events and thus humans should live free
question
What Greco-Roman philosophy is associated with Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?
answer
Stoicism
question
What was the subject of the Ius Civile of Julius Caesar?
answer
created a single unified code of Roman civil law
question
How does Sulla's Sanctuary of Fortuna in Palestrina demonstrate Roman values?
answer
testimony to the Roman regard for symmetry and grandeur as well as their strong identification with the Greeks
question
What characteristics of earlier styles did Roman sculptors build upon?
answer
both Greek and Etruscan aesthetic elements
question
What new elements are seen in Roman sculpture?
answer
portraiture, revealing the personality through subtle details in the features of their subjects
question
What political events characterized the last century of the Roman Republic (133 B.C.E. to 31 B.C.E.)?
answer
rife with power struggles, lack of political stability, strains due to widespread Roman expansion into other territories
question
What is the composition of cement and concrete?
answer
ground limestone, water, and volcanic ash
question
How did concrete influenced Roman architecture?
answer
bigger buildings that lasted longer
question
What is the basic teachings of Epicureanism?
answer
the way to a happy life is pleasure, gods are busy and aren't involved with us
question
What is the basic teachings of Stoicism?
answer
once you ignore negativity it will go away
question
What are Caesar's contributions to literature?
answer
Roman alphabet
question
What are Caesar's contributions to law?
answer
reworked legal system and created jus civile: make things fair, practical and flexible
question
What are Caesar's contributions to Roman culture?
answer
expanded empire
question
Who is Julius Caesar?
answer
dictator of Roman Republic for 5 years
question
What are Roman baths?
answer
3 different pools, men and women didn't bathe together, plunge pool is where they dive in to cool off
question
What are Roman inventions in music and visual art?
answer
tuba and water orgid
