Human Structure – Histology – Connective Tisue and Bone – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Basic Features of Cartilage
answer

Perichondrium – Surrounds all cartilage

Matrix – Extracellular matrix

Lacunae – Cavities within the matrix which correlate to where condrocytes are housed

question
Basic, Specialized Functions of Cartilage
answer

1. Resistance to Compression

2. Smooth Areas for Reduced Friction with movement

question
Typical form of Collage found in Cartilage
answer
Type II (Resists Compression)
question
Differences between ECM of Cartilage and "Regular" CT
answer

1. Collogen Type (II vs. I)

2. Increased ratio of GAG's to Collogen

question
The glycoproteins of ground substances serves what purpose?
answer
These are adhesion molecules which connect cells, ECM, and other materials together in Cartilage.
question
Describe Hyaline Cartilage
answer

1. Found in fetus or growth plates of long bones

2. Resists compression (found in Trachea)

3. Reduces Friction (Cartilage found in Nose, Ribs

question
Types of cells found in synovial fluid.
answer

1. Modified Fibroblasts

2. Macrophages

question
Pathology behind Osteoarthritis
answer

Chondrocytes produced inflamatory cytokines, which recruit WBC's

 

This in turn causes: inhibition of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis and stimulates metalloproteases.

question
Pathology behind Rheumatoid Arthritis
answer
Inflamation of the synovial membrane due to WBC and cytokine recruitment.  Causes the thickening of the synovial membrane.  This reduces the motion of the joint and recruits metalleoproteases which degrade bone and cartilage.
question
Describe Elastic Cartilage
answer

Function: Flexible support

 

Structural Difference: Elastic fibers found in the matrix.

question

Appositional Growth Entails:

 

answer

Litterally means "Growth Next To:"

 

In perichordium, the outer fibrous layer has Type I Collogen Fibroblasts, which differentiate into chondrogenic in the inner cellular layer.  These become chondroblasts and then chondrocytes (once entrapped in a Lacunae)

question
Interstitial Growth Entails:
answer
Occurs when chondrocytes in Lacunae undergo mitosis, which produce a new matrix.
question
Differnces of Fibrocartilage to other cartilages:
answer

(1) No perichondrium

(2) Relatively little matrix

(3) Has Type I Collagen

 

Found in areas with lots of sheering / tensile stress

question
Bone has two components, inorganic and organic, what is in each and what is the precentage of each?
answer

Inorganic - Calcium (supplies density to bone), composes 65% of bone (can vary from 40% to 90% depending on bone)

 

Organic - Collage (90-95% of organic part), Proteoglycans, Sialoproteins, Glycoproteins, composes ~35% of bone

question
What role do Proteoglycans play in bone?
answer

Resist Compression Forces

 

question
What role do Sailoproteins play in bone?
answer
Bind cells to the matrix
question
What role do Osteonectin and Osteocalcin play in bone?
answer
These are glycoproteins which bind collagen to the matrix.
question
Describe compact bone
answer

The enternal surface of a bone.

 

Used for support

 

Cortical, Dense, any spaces are occupied by blood vessels.

question
Describe Spongy Bone
answer

Porous

 

Lighten's the bone

;

Accomodates the marrow

question
Describe the basics of the Periosteum
answer

Outer, fibrous layer ; similar to;dense regular;CT

Inner cellular layer ; osteogenic cells (bone lineage committed cells)

Endosteum ; single cell layer responsible for bone repair or growth

question
What type of cell and what is the function of cells within the Periosteum /Endosteum (Bone-Lining Cells)
answer

Osteoblasts or Osteoprogenitory (Ambiguous)

;

Provide nutrition to osteocytes and produce osteoid.

question
What are Sharpey's Fibers?
answer
Bundles of Type I collagen that bind the periosteum to the bone.
question

Identify the structures labeled below:

[image]

answer

A - Haversion Canal

B - Osteon

question
What is contained within a Haversion Canal?
answer
A blood vessel
question
What are concentric lamellae?
answer
Concentric layers of bone surrounding a Haversion Canal.
question
What are Canaliculi?
answer

Little canals found in the concentric Lamellae, which have a source at the Haversion canal.

 

These allow for cell communication and nutrient supply.

question
What is a Volksmann's Canal?
answer
A perpendicular canal (similar to a Haversion canal) which connects the blood supplies of the Haversion Canals.
question
How;are nutrients and O2 supplied to Hyaline Cartillage.
answer
Diffusion thru the extensive ECM, large ratios of GAG's facillitate this movement.
question
Locations of Hyaline Cartilage
answer

Trachea Rings

Nasal Cavity Cartilages

Costal Cartilages of Rib Cage

question
Locations of Elastic Cartilage
answer

Pinna of External Ear

Auditory Tube

Cartilages of Larynx (Epiglottis, Corniculate and Cuneiform Cartilages)

 

question
Locations of Fibrocartilage
answer

Intervertebral Discs

Symphysis Pubis

Menisci

Insertions of Tendons

question
Why is fibrocartilage used in the areas it is present instead of other cartillage and fibers?
answer

This is a combination of Dense Regular CT and Hyaline cartilage.

 

Contains Type I and II collagen fibrils, which is more resistant to compression, sheering, or tensile forces.

question
What kind of living structures would you expect to find in a Haversion Canal?
answer
Blood Vessels
question
What kind of structures would you expect to find in a Volkmann's Canal?
answer
Blood Vessels
question
What kind of structures would you expect to find in Canaliculi?
answer
Cytoplasmic projections of an Osteocyte;for movement of waste, nutrients, and cell signalling.
question
What is the functional role of an osteoclast ruffled border?
answer
Increases surface area, allows for increased exchange rates
question
What are Interstitial Lamellae?
answer
Layers of bone that do not belong to a Osteon
question
What is the Outer Circumflexial Lamellae?
answer
Layer of bone on the exterior surface, which forms a collar around the bone (plays a major role in development)
question
What are Inner Circumflexial Lamellae?
answer
Differenly patterned lamellae which encircle the marrow cavity of bone.
question
Osteoblast Functions:
answer

1. Secret Osteoid

2. Mineralized bone

3. Recruit and Formation of Osteoclasts

4. Binds Free Calcium

question

Identify the tissue below and the structures labeled.

[image]

answer

Hyaline Cartilage

A - Chondrocyte

B - Territorial Matrix

C - Interterritorial Matrix

D - Lacunae

question

Identify the tissue in the upper left of the slide and the labeled items.

;[image]

answer

Perichondrium (CT)

A - Chondroprogenitor Cell

B - Chondroblast

question

Identify the tissue below:

[image]

answer
Elastic Cartilage
question

Identify the major tissue in the slide below, and the tissue surrounding it.

[image]

answer

Center - Elastic Cartilage

Surrounding - Perichondrium

question

Identify the tissues below:

[image]

answer

A - Hyaline Cartilage

B - Elastic Cartilage

question

Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.

;

Identify the labeled items.

[image]

answer

Ground Bone

A - Haversian Canal

B - Lacunae

C - Haversian Canal

D;- Circumferential Lamellae

E - Canaliculi

F - Interstitial Lamellae

question

Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.

[image]

answer
Decalcified Compact Bone
question
Why do canaliculi evident in decalcified bone?
answer
The decalcification process removes all soft tissues, because canaliculi are projections of a osteocyte's cytoplasm it is degraded.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New