Human Geography *WARNING not all answers are correct!* - Flashcards

Q: Microcredit loans typically are used to __________.

B. start a small business out of one\'s home

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__________ training is that which pertains to a particular business or occupation.

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C. Vocational

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Microcredit loans typically are used to __________.

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B. start a small business out of one's home

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To obtain a microcredit loan, a person typically must __________.

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B. provide collateral and sign paperwork

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Women make up 45% of the world's workforce. What percentage of these women live in poverty?

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C. 70%

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In the United States, women earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns.

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true

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Which of the following statements about places where education for women is not valued is false?

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A. Women marry later and have fewer children.

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All of the following are steps the country of Morocco took to increase gender equality in society except __________.

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B. the elimination of family planning clinics

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Which of the following statements about female illegal migrant workers is false?

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C. Their wages usually are higher than similar formal sector jobs in the same economy.

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Which of the following statements about women in the workforce is false?

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D. More than half of women work in all countries in the industrialized world.

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__________ are small loans extended to people in poverty, typically those who are unable to get normal business loans.

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B. Microloans

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Moving from an economy based on agriculture and handcrafted products to one based on the large-scale production of goods using machines is called __________.

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A. industrialization

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Which of the following statements about pay and promotion equality is false?

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D. Women are as likely as men to hold senior management positions.

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Which of the following statements about Sweden's efforts to eliminate gender inequality is false?

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B. Swedish women earn slightly less than American women do, in comparison to men's salaries in the same profession.

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Civil society organizations focus efforts on __________.

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B. finding long-term solutions to poverty and creating a greater quality of life for all people

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Which of the following was not an effect of the Ford assembly line?

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C. The price of cars increased as demand increased

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The primary mission of the World Bank today is to __________.

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B. reduce poverty around the globe

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Politcal, social, and economic opportunities are more available to women, ethnic and religious minorities, and other underrepresented populations in --

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A. Cultures that embrace democracy and individual freedoms

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Which of the following statements does not describe NGOs?

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D. NGOs must be unaffiliated with a religion.

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Which of the following statements about equal societies is false?

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D. More equal societies have lower literacy rates for women.

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Oxfam America, Doctors Without Borders, and the Red Cross are examples of __________.

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C. NGOs

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Countries that join the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must commit to __________.

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C. pursuing stable economic policies

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An __________ is an __________ that has been modified so that it is more useful.

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C. innovation . . . invention

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Which of the following statements about the Grameen Bank is false?

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A. About half of the borrowers are women.

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What was the most significant aspect of Henry Ford's assembly line process?

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C. It reduced production costs, which allowed the products to be more affordable

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Which of the following statements does not describe microcredit loans?

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C. Microcredit loans are interest-free.

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Established during the Middle Ages, guilds were associations of skilled artisans designed to institute quality standards, establish training programs, and set prices in industries such as glassblowing or masonry. What most likely happened to the guild system following industrialization?

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C. Guilds likely became less powerful as artisans were replaced by machinery.

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The International Monetary Fund makes __________ loans to countries based on specific goals and conditions.

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C. installment

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Which of the following is not a role of the IMF?

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A. helping reduce poverty worldwide

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Which of the following countries is the largest shareholder in the World Bank?

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C. the United States

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Which totally revolutionized industry by increasing efficiency?

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the factory system

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Many international cultures are becoming westernized. Which of the following scenarios would best symbolize the effect of this process on indigenous cultures?

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B. a scale tipping heavily in one direction

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Which of the following nations or regions does not dominate the global marketplace?

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C. South Asia

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Countries that are on the rise economically and growing in importance in the global economy but still have large numbers of the population living in poverty are considered __________ economies.

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B. semi-periphery

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Providing financial assistance for smaller nations' economic negotiating teams and increasing the bargaining powers of these nations __________.

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D. is one strategy the WTO has used to deflect criticism of its policies

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Which of the following professions is most similar to an MNC?

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C. a traveling salesperson with business offices in different cities and countries

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In which of the following scenarios would the WTO be criticized?

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D. A Japanese textile company purchases US cotton instead of Kenyan cotton.

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What role do teenagers play in the westernization of the world?

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A. Teens are one of the biggest groups of consumers.

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Many products and services are available to the global society as a result of the WTO. Which of the following goods or services would not fall under WTO jurisdiction?

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D. health care

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Which of the following is not a way in which MNCs typically promote economic growth within a host country?

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B. They always provide retirement and other benefits.

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Which four principles does the United Nations Global Compact for multinational corporations address?

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B. human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anti-corruption

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Which of the following statements best summarizes the effects of the London Fog of 1952?

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A. Pollution from coal fires caused over 4,000 deaths, leading the British government to change their outlook on pollution.

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Which of the following best describes the goal of cap and trade?

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C. to limit the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere

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Which resources are significantly polluted by heavy metals like mercury?

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D. both A and B

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Which of the following statements best assesses the significance of the Minamata disaster?

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D. It was the first officially recognized case of the industrial pollution of seawater.

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Which of the following statements about workplace safety is false?

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A. Risks of deaths from occupational disease are outpaced only by the risk of accidental deaths.

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What happened in Bhopal, India, in 1984?

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B. Deadly gases from a pesticide factory killed 20,000 people.

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What was the primary cause of the London Fog of 1952?

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B. Cold air led to heavy use of coal, and the smoke from the coal fires was trapped close to the ground by a temperature inversion.

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Which of the following best describes asbestosis?

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A. a breathing disorder caused by inhaling asbestos fibers

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Which of the following scenarios illustrates an example of how environmental policies have resulted in the reversal of environmental damage?

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A. Banning CFCs has resulted in the shrinking of a hole in the ozone above Antarctica.

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Since the 1970s, many nations have entered into treaties to control the occurrence of acid rain, the thinning of the ozone layer, and the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.

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True

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Factory owners may tolerate sweatshop conditions in an effort to keep production __________ and costs __________.

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A. high . . . low

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Those who believe that sweatshops should not be closed down point out that __________.

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D. people work in sweatshops because it is their best alternative

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Based on your knowledge of industrialization, which of the following statements best describes what is happening in this photo, taken in the US around 1910?

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C. The children pictured here likely worked a 12-hour day, six days a week, for about one dollar a week

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The US labor movement began in the _____.

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A. 1930s

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The first federal minimum wage was established in _____.

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B. 1938

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Why is eliminating child labor problematic?

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C. Many families depend on their children's incomes to survive.

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According to estimates, the majority of child laborers work __________.

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A. in agriculture, mainly on family farms

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According to the ILO, how many people are working by force or under coercion?

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C. 12.3 million

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Which of the following statements about forced labor is false?

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C. Forced labor typically is seen only in countries in the developing world.

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What was the primary reason for the high death toll in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?

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B. There were no legal requirements for fire exits, sprinkler systems, or safety inspections.

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Which of the following statements about urbanization is false?

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D. Rural areas traditionally have been inhabited by wealthy people who do not need the benefits of a city.

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The ancient god of the Nile River was __________.

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A. Hapi

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In the __________, the Mohenjo-Daro civilization created cities that were built in organized grids.

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C. Indus Valley

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Which ancient civilization relied primarily on underground rivers, springs, and lakes to support their cities?

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B. Mesoamerican

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The term proximity means __________.

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C. closeness

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All of the following were factors important to the development of early civilizations, except __________.

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C. mineral resources

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The __________ of the Indus River Valley is well known for their carefully planned city sites built in organized grids.

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A. Harappan civilization

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The remains of the early civilizations of Mesoamerica are found in modern-day __________.

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D. Mexico and Guatemala

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Which early urbanized area is commonly called the Fertile Crescent?

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B. the Indus River Valley

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The Maya and Aztec civilizations were early __________ civilizations.

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C. Mesoamerican

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The public space for government speech in ancient Athens was called __________.

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B. the Pnyx

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The city of London struggled to control sanitation. As a result, __________ infested the streets of early London and contributed to the spread of the bubonic plague.

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A. rats

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What are pandemic diseases?

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D. diseases that spread over a large area and affect large numbers of people

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The __________ system, which developed in Europe, began when groups of artisans banded together to establish prices and support their trade.

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D. guild

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Which of the following is not a reason why pandemic diseases led to the destruction of early cities?

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C. Governments were unprepared and did not have necessary evacuation plans to accommodate the sick

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Which of the following was not a reason why natural disasters unpredictably destroyed cities?

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B. Cities lacked strong military defenses, and fire often was used as a weapon.

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Because job specialization gave city residents more leisure time, residents had more time to devote to developments such as __________.

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B. education and the arts

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The Silk Road was a major trade route between __________ and __________.

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C. Asia . . . Europe

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Which of the following statements about dangers to early cities is false?

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B. Guilds and disreputable traders led to the economic decline of early cities.

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The city of Rome was destroyed by __________ in 65 CE.

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D. a major fire

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Which of the following is an example of the built environment?

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A. a park

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Tokyo Bay has been rising for the last 150 years. In the process, it has reclaimed land from the city of Tokyo.

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false

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Which type of land-use model is shown on the chart above?

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A. Hoyt

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Which model for city growth states that cities grow outward along transportation routes, forming shapes like spokes on a wheel?

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B. the Hoyt model

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Which of the following cities is a example of a grid city?

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D. Mohenjo-Daro

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When explaining city growth through the multiple nuclei model, geographers acknowledge that modern cities do not always follow strict patterns of growth because of __________.

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C. changes to modern transportation

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Which of the following statements is not part of Christaller's central place theory?

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B. Cities grow like spokes on a wheel from an epicenter.

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Wealthy residents of cities are more likely to have access to good transportation. According to the Burgess model for city growth, where would wealthy residents choose to live?

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D. on the edge of the city

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Which of the following statements best identifies how the growth of the city of Los Angeles affected the Owens River Valley?

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B. Water was diverted from the river valley to supply drinking water to Los Angeles.

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Climate influences the design of human structures, and human structures can influence climate.

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true

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The __________ was one of the world's first subway systems, opening in 1863.

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B. London Underground

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The development of rail and automobile transportation has shaped the growth of US cities, while the development of flight has led to their decline.

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false

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What is the main difference between airports of the early 1920s and international airports of the 1930s

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A. Airports in the early 1920s catered to municipal and regional travel, while airports in the 1930s served as hubs for travel between countries.

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Physical systems that serve as framework for city growth are called __________.

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C. infrastructure

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Which of the following statements about demographics and transportation in eastern cities is false?

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A. Eastern cities were the first to have urban freeways and expressways.

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Which of the following goals was not one of the reasons for the development of the Interstate Highway System?

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C. to discourage the use of flight to travel between cities

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Henry Ford's famous __________ was one of the world's first mass-produced and affordable automobiles.

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C. Model T

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__________ are the most-utilized method of transporting goods within the United States.

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C. Freeways

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Major cities in the western US are more likely to be older than major cities on the Atlantic Coast.

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false

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Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of the early commercial airline industry?

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B. It provided faster travel between cities.

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Suburban development and sprawl is a distinctly American phenomenon.

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False

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What changes did city planners make when designing suburbs?

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D. City planners created buildings and planned streets around cars instead of walking.

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Which of the following is not a sign of suburban decay?

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D. increased haze and smog caused by auto exhaust and tire particulates

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Which of the following is not an effect of urban sprawl?

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D. increased use of public transportation

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Which of the following is not an example of mixed-use development?

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D. building gated communities at a distance from commercial developments

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Levittown became the first mass-produced suburban __________ in New York in 1948.

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C. housing development

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Which of the following statements best explains the growth of single-family homes in US suburbs following World War II?

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C. Booming industry resulted in more wealthy people who could afford homes.

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Greyfields are __________ in decaying suburbs.

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C. vacant commercial spaces and empty shopping malls

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An edge city is a __________ that develops the qualities and services usually found in central cities.

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D. growing suburb

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Which of the following phrases best describes the meaning of suburban decay?

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B. the decline of suburban populations as residents move to new locations

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Suburban enclaves tend to be populated by educated immigrants who have recently arrived in the US.

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true

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The New York City neighborhood pictured above is an example of a(n) __________.

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D. enclave

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Immigrants can participate in changing a city's __________ by bringing different pronunciations, accents, and vocabulary to the city.

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C. language

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What was the effect of anti-Chinese riots and discriminatory acts against Chinese immigrants in the 1880s?

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C. New laws were passed to stop Chinese immigration to the US.

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Chinese immigrants to the US were subject to discrimination and violence during the late 1800s.

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True

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Miami's large Cuban immigrant population introduced all of the following foods, cultural activities, or pastimes to the city except __________.

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D. Miami Dolphins football

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Enclaves protect immigrants by providing all of the following except __________.

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C. complete protection from outside cultural influences

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The increasing popularity of soccer in America is an example of how __________.

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B. immigrants have affected America's culture

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What nationality of immigrant would we expect to encounter in the neighborhood pictured above?

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C. Italian

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The first Chinatown communities were formed in American cities in the late _____.

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C. 1800s

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According to the chart above, which of the following events occurred in Los Angeles between 1940 and 1970?

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B. I., II., and III. only

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When the house in the photo above was constructed in the early 1900s, it belonged to a wealthy family. Today, it is located in a very poor neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles. The process by which this occurred is called __________.

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B. deterioration and filtering

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The term "ghettoization" refers to the urban restoration of inner cities.

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false

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City residents can be described as falling into __________ when they lose the education, resources, and employment that would help them improve their lives.

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A. cycles of poverty

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The loss of tax revenues in poor neighborhoods can lead to decaying public buildings.

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true

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In South Africa, segregating policies of __________ physically separated race groups.

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B. apartheid

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Which of the following is not a way in which redlining can increase economic problems in a city?

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B. The city's tax base begins to increase.

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Aging, deteriorating areas with exclusionary neighborhoods are called __________.

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A. ghettos

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Black codes and Jim Crow laws were attempts by Americans to legalize __________.

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A. segregation and discrimination

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What types of jobs typically are found in ghetto, inner-city neighborhoods?

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A. low-wage positions, typically in retail outlets, that require little education

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Which of the following services or businesses would likely not be found in a lower-order settlement?

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D. a hospital specializing in cancer treatment

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Geographers would most likely call a small settlement with a population of about 75 residents a __________.

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D. village

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Which of the following phrases best describes a primate city?

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D. a city that is the largest and most influential in its region

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Which of the following North American cities is not one of the 20 largest in the world?

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D. Chicago

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Which two characteristics of settlements are most closely connected to Walter Christaller's central place theory?

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A. the size of a settlement and the services it can offer

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Settlements that have populations in excess of 10 million people and that connect their countries and regions to the world economy are called __________.

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B. megacities

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The graph above shows the population of Brazil's largest cities. According to the graph, how does Brazil's third-largest city compare with its second-largest city?

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B. The third-largest city is about one-half the size of the second-largest city.

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An agglomeration of multiple cities is called a(n) __________.

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C. conurbation

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How many of the world's 20 largest cities are located in Western Europe?

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B. one

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Because Tokyo is a city of over 10 million residents, it is considered a __________.

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C. megacity

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Paris, London, New York, and Tokyo are all significant because __________.

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C. they are global cities due to their influence in government, culture, and the world economy

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What is a multinational corporation?

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A. a corporation that operates in multiple countries

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Humans perceive the size of the world based on all of the following factors except __________.

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D. the amount of time it takes to ship goods somewhere

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Cities such as Geneva, Switzerland; Brussels, Belgium; and Washington, DC, are considered global cities primarily due to their influence in world __________.

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D. government

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Outsourcing has been particularly detrimental to employment in which American industries?

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A. manufacturing and customer service

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US music is popular in Europe, and Japanese music is popular among many people in the US. This kind of artistic and entertainment connection is an example of a(n) __________ connection.

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A. cultural

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Which of the following statements best describes Shenzhen, China?

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A. It is an emerging global city.

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Which of the following statements provides the best analysis of what happened to Detroit, Michigan?

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A. Accelerated globalization drew manufacturing away from Detroit to other countries.

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Influential global cities are located disproportionately in certain parts of the world.

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true

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The increasing economic, cultural, political, and social connections between people around the world is called __________.

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D. globalization

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The continent with the largest population is __________.

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D. Asia

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Which of the following definitions best fits the term underclass?

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B. a city's poorest and most disadvantaged citizens

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As the urban heat island effect grows in a city, the city's __________ are likely to experience higher temperatures than the suburbs.

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B. downtown areas

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A lack of sewage structures in overcrowded cities may lead to __________.

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C. poor public health

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Which of the following definitions best fits the word tenure and its relation to housing?

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D. the right to live in a place legally

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Which of the following terms is not a name for a disadvantaged squatter settlement in a city?

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D. an exurb

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Which region on the graph above has a population growth approaching 0?

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D. Europe

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Which potential solution could help a crowded city improve problems with emission levels?

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D. encourage citizens to walk or use bikes to travel

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How might a growing urban heat island change citizens' behavior in a city?

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A. Citizens are likely to use more electricity for air conditioning.

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The declining axolotl population in Mexico City is an example of __________ in overcrowded cities.

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B. changes to natural environments and native species

Human Geography WARNING not all answers are correct! – Flashcards

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Human Geography *WARNING not all answers are correct!* – Flashcards

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Human Geography WARNING not all answers are correct! – Flashcards