Human Geography of North America – Flashcards
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Natural Capital/ endowment
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Natural resources: soils, forests, mineral deposits, fossil fuels, water availability
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Human Capital
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Population: educated, healthy to exploit natural resources
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Social Capital
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Institutions: government, banking/financing, justice system, promote growth & stability
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Accumulated Capital
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Savings, national investment, foreign investment, infrastructure, machinery
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Mono-cropping
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Single crop; loss of biodiversity; use of chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and chemical herbicides; Corn and wheat are examples
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Organic food movement
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Alternative to mono-cropping; no chemicals used; may involve unfair labor practices
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Slow food movement
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alternative to mono-cropping; Anti-globalization Anti-processed
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Local food movement
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Alternative to mono-cropping; eating food from approx. 100 from home location
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early human migration
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land bridge between Siberia and NA; groups spread out onto the landscape
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Native view of land
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land cannot be owned; people can move freely on landscape
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European view of land
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Commodities to be accumulated for trade/export/profit; fences
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Europeanization
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Settlement of NA by Europeans. Only small portion of Europeans actually settled NA. Personalities: Rugged individuals Exploitation and abuse of Natives
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Americanization
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Personalities: liberal, individualistic, capitalistic Freedom from Britain
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Immigration & Economic Development
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Helped settle the western frontier of the region Provided a source of cheap labor during industrialization (and continue to do so) Increased population size and helped grow the domestic market
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First Wave Of Immigration: 1820 - 1870
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Northwestern Europeans. Mostly German and Irish (Potato Famine)
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Second Wave of Immigration: 1870 - 1920
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'New' immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
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Third Wave: 1970 - Present
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Large influx of Latin American and Asian migrants.
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Assimilation
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Melting pot Process by which people of different cultural backgrounds who occupy the same place form a similar culture.
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Multiculturalism
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People are in the same national space, but they have different cultural systems that do not merge into one, but remain separate side by side.
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Cahokia
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Early American city made by indigenous population
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Sustainability triangle
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Environmental integrity, economic vitality, social equity
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Dominant European settler of NA
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Britain
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Manufacturing belt (Rust Belt)
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Following the 1973 Oil Crisis, the historic core of North America, The "Manufacturing Belt", witnessed rapidly declining profit margins. the "Manufacturing Belt" became the "Rust Belt".
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North American Free Trade Agreement
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Trade bloc to Allow Free trade and regional Specialization Manufacturing largely concentrated along the US-Mexican border. Allows US firms to manufacture the goods while utilizing a much cheaper labor force. Fewer (if any) environmental regulations
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Footloose industries
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they are not tied to particular geographic region due to a concentration of a particular mineral wealth (e.g. Iron Ore)
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Deindustrialization
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relative decline (and in extreme cases, an absolute decline) in industrial employment in core economic areas; this happens as firms scale back their activities in response to decreasing profitability. Detroit; Youngstown
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Additive manufacturing
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Considered the next generation of manufacturing revolution in North America by using high power lasers, 3d printing, better quality control and freedom over the design process.
