question

Michael, age 50, has noticed a hearing loss, especially at high frequencies. He feels that his hearing is not as sharp as it once was. Michael probably has a condition called

answer

presbycusis

question

As we age,

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cells in both the epidermis and dermis decline in water content.

question

Women's skin ages more quickly than men's because

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the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men.

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In a study of women ages 50 to 79, a __________ diet involving __________ was associated with greater initial weight loss and success at maintaining that loss over a seven-year period.

answer

low-fat; increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grains

question

Jeanine is 55. According to her doctor, Jeanine's reproductive capacity has ended. She has reached the midlife reproductive transition called

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the climacteric.

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Melissa has a family history of both cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Her doctor is likely to

answer

advise against hormone therapy.

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Tony, age 77, married Nichole, age 24. They are not using birth control because of Tony's advanced age. You can advise them that

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Tony produces less semen and sperm, which negatively affects fertility, but he can probably still father children.

question

Which of the following statements about sexuality in middle adulthood is true?

answer

The best predictor of sexual frequency is marital happiness.

question

A group of unmarried women in their fifties gathers every month for a book club. At one meeting, several of the members lament on the fact that they had no sexual partners during the past year. Their lack of sexual activity can most likely be attributed to

answer

a lack of opportunity due to a higher male mortality rate.

question

The leading causes of death in middle age are __________ and __________.

answer

cancer; cardiovascular disease

question

__________ cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both genders, worldwide.

answer

lung

question

__________ cancer is the leading malignancy for men.

answer

prostate

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Symptoms of heart disease in women tend to

answer

get overlooked by doctors.

question

Mr. Lombardo fell and fractured his hip, and he has since been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Mr. Lombardo's doctor probably recommends

answer

weight-bearing exercise

question

Charlie has frequent angry outbursts. He is rude, disagreeable, critical, and condescending. Charlie exhibits

answer

expressed-hostility

question

Individuals who are repeatedly enraged are more likely to be

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depressed

question

The best way for hostile and dominant people to reduce their risk of high blood pressure and heart disease is to

answer

develop effective ways of handling stress and conflict.

question

Suzanne viewed life as fluid. She expected change and accepted it as inevitable. When Suzanne was faced with a problem, she identified it and decided what to do about it. Suzanne used a(n) __________ coping strategy.

answer

problem-centered

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Chrissy regards most experiences as controllable. She displays a committed approach to daily activities and views change as a normal part of life and a chance for personal growth. Chrissy fits the pattern of a __________ individual.

answer

hardy

question

Late in life, __________ factors show greater decrements than __________ factors.

answer

fluid; crystallized

question

Jennifer, age 45, is a Girl Scout leader. She states that she really enjoys giving to and guiding the next generation. According to Erikson, Jennifer has developed a sense of

answer

generativity

question

Which of the following statements about research findings regarding the midlife crisis is true?

answer

Vaillant's work indicated a slow and steady change, rather than a crisis.

question

__________ is common in middle adulthood.

answer

Life evaluation

question

With age, possible selves become

answer

more concrete

question

Compared to younger people, middle-aged adults see themselves as

answer

capable of managing a complex array of tasks easily and effectively

question

Studies report __________ in midlife.

answer

that both men and women become more androgynous

question

Androgyny in adulthood is associated with

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advanced moral reasoning and psychosocial maturity.

question

Alex is reserved, quiet, passive, sober, and emotionally unreactive. He is low on which of the following "big five" personality traits?

answer

extroversion

question

Sue is soft-hearted, trusting, generous, acquiescent, lenient, and good-natured. She is high on which of the following "big five" personality traits?

answer

agreeableness

question

Neuroticism __________ from the teenage years through middle age.

answer

declines

question

The __________ of poverty is a trend in which women who support themselves or their families have become the majority of the adult poverty population.

answer

feminization

question

After all five of her children struck out on their own, Naomi made sure everyone stayed in touch by creating a family blog. She also took charge of gathering the family for celebrations. Naomi is her family's

answer

kin keeper

question

__________ is the strongest predictor of frequent, face-to-face interaction with young grandchildren.

answer

living nearby

question

Which of the following statements about middle-aged children and their aging parents is true?

answer

A longer life expectancy means that adult children and their parents are increasingly likely to grow old together.

question

Which of the following statements about middle-aged children and aging parents who coreside is true?

answer

The greatest source of stress is problem behavior, especially for caregivers of parents who have deteriorated mentally.

question

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships in middle adulthood is true?

answer

Despite reduced contact, many siblings feel closer in midlife, often in response to major life events.

question

Which of the following statements about friendships during midlife is true?

answer

Friendships become more selective in midlife.

question

Which of the following statements about vocational life in middle adulthood is true?

answer

More so than in earlier or later years, people attempt to increase the personal meaning of their vocational lives

question

Which of the following statements about gender and ethnicity in the workplace is true?

answer

Women who demonstrate leadership qualities encounter prejudice because they deviate from traditional gender roles.

question

People who lose their jobs in midlife

answer

seldom duplicate the status and pay of their previous position.

question

Adults can be generative as parents and in other family roles, as mentors in the workplace, in volunteer endeavors, and through many forms of productivity and creativity

answer

true

question

Adults with a sense of generativity cannot contribute to society's welfare because they place their own comfort and security above challenge and sacrifice.

answer

false

question

Having children seems to foster women's generative development more than men's.

answer

false

question

During midlife transition, some people make drastic revisions in family and occupational components of the life structure.

answer

true

question

Despite the double standard of ageing, both men and women express concern about appearing less attractive as they grow older.

answer

false

question

Middle age brings about greater rigidity in masculine and feminine parts of self

answer

false

question

In societies around the world, older people are guardians of traditions, laws, and cultural values.

answer

true

question

Research shows that the majority of adults experience a midlife crisis.

answer

false

question

Midlifers who experience a crisis typically have had early adulthood in which gender roles, family pressures, or low income and poverty severely limited their ability to fulfill personal needs and goals, at home or in the wider world.

answer

true

question

Emotional and social development in middle adulthood is characterized by both continuity and stage-wise change.

answer

true

question

__________ predicts ego integrity in late adulthood.

answer

Midlife generativity

question

Neil, age 70, has learned to focus on his psychological strengths. He overcomes his physical limitations by emphasizing the compensating rewards of cognitive, emotional, and social powers. According to Peck, Neil has attained

answer

body transcendence.

question

While 80-year-old Naomi's contemporaries have died, she faces the reality of death constructively through efforts to make life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for younger generations. According to Peck, Naomi has attained

answer

ego transcendence.

question

Erikson's widow, Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial development called

answer

gerotranscendence

question

Mr. Sarandon recalls past experiences with the goal of achieving a greater self-understanding. Mr. Sarandon is engaged in

answer

life review.

question

Mrs. Hayley has come to terms with life despite its imperfections. She has become increasingly generous and good-natured. Mrs. Hayley shows gains in

answer

agreeableness

question

Although Ida is mostly self-reliant, she does not often resist her son's unnecessary help. Ida probably feels that

answer

her son's help brings about social contact.

question

_________ increases the odds of living longer.

answer

Availability of social support

question

In order for social support to foster well-being,

answer

older adults need to take personal control of it.

question

Gerta's health is declining. Her son Don asks her to move in with him, but Gerta refuses. __________ theory helps explain Gerta's desire to live where many of her memorable life events took place.

answer

Continuity

question

Poverty among lone aging women is deeper in the United States than in other Western nations because

answer

of less generous government-sponsored income and health benefits.

question

Which of the following statements about marriage in late adulthood is true?

answer

One in every four or five first marriages lasts at least 50 years, despite the high U.S. divorce rate.

question

David's wife, Esther, recently died. If David is like most recently widowed older adults, his greatest problem is most likely

answer

profound loneliness.

question

Having __________ is an especially strong predictor of mental health among the elderly.

answer

friends

question

Figures underestimate the actual incidence of elder abuse because

answer

most abusive acts take place in private, and victims are often unable or unwilling to complain.

question

Christine treats her aging mother like a child, calls her names, and often threatens to move her into a nursing home. Christine is engaged in which of the following types of elder abuse?

answer

emotional abuse

question

Which of the following statements about the risk factors of elder abuse is true?

answer

Many abusers are dependent, emotionally or financially, on their victims.

question

Which of the following statements about preventing elder maltreatment is true?

answer

Prevention programs offer caregivers education and respite services, such as elder day care and in-home help.

question

Involvement in leisure activities and, especially, __________ is related to better physical health and reduced mortality.

answer

volunteer service

question

Optimal aging is

answer

facilitated by societal contexts that promote effective person-environment fit.

question

Both dependency-support and independence-ignore scripts reinforce dependent behavior at the expense of independent behavior.

answer

True

question

In Western societies, few older adults fear relinquishing control and becoming dependent on others.

answer

false

question

More older than young and middle-aged adults are depressed.

answer

true

question

Adults of all ages indicate that mental health problems actually interfere more than physical disabilities with activities of daily living.

answer

true

question

People age 65 and older have the highest suicide rate of all age groups

answer

true

question

Negative life changes may actually evoke less stress and depression in older than in younger adults.

answer

true

question

Compared to women, men's social relations in old age are more often a source of stress.

answer

false

question

Because of deteriorating health, social support has little impact on seniors' overall well-being.

answer

false

question

Adult children tend to express a deeper sense of obligation toward their aging parents than their parents expect from them.

answer

true

question

Perceived social support is more important for older adults' well-being than the sheer amount of help from family and friends.

answer

true

question

Reminiscence

answer

telling stories about people and events from the past and reporting associated thoughts and feelings

question

Life review

answer

calling up past experiences the goal of achieving greater self-understanding

question

Self-focused reminiscence

answer

reminiscence that is used to reduce boredom and revive bitter events

question

Other-focused reminiscences

answer

reminiscence that is directed at social goals,

question

Knowledge-based reminiscence

answer

when older adults draw up their past for effective problem-solving strategies

question

Ego integrity versus despair

answer

the final physiological conflict of Erikson's theory

question

Body transcendence

answer

focusing on psychological strengths

question

Ego transcendence

answer

orienting toward a larger, more distant future

question

Gero transcendence

answer

a cosmic and transcendent perceptive directed forward and outward

question

Affect optimization

answer

the ability to maximize positive emotion

question

Dr. Snyder decided to devote her career to the study of death and dying. Dr. Snyder's interdisciplinary field is

answer

thanatology

question

Mr. Bigelow is in the final stage of cancer. During the first moments in which the regular heartbeat disintegrates, he gasps and has muscle spasms. Mr. Bigelow is experiencing

answer

the agonal phase of death.

question

During the clinical death phase,

answer

the heartbeat, circulation, breathing, and brain functioning stop.

question

According to Kübler-Ross, Mrs. Buffay's consultation of multiple specialists after her initial diagnosis of a terminal illness is consistent with which of the five typical responses to the prospect of death?

answer

denial

question

Kübler-Ross recommends that family members and health professionals

answer

not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the person's condition.

question

According to Kübler-Ross, most people who reach acceptance

answer

do so only in the last weeks or days before death.

question

Family members who __________ can make dying more difficult for a patient.

answer

play the denial "game"

question

Which of the following ethnic groups does not believe in telling terminally ill patients about their condition because dying disrupts important interdependent relationships?

answer

Japanese

question

Mr. Hyun is dying. Because of their cultural beliefs, his Korean-American family will probably

answer

avoid informing him of his condition because doing so hastens death.

question

As they move through a hope trajectory, many dying patients first hope for

answer

a cure

question

Once patients near death stop expressing hope, those close to them

answer

must accept this

question

In the United States today, about _____ percent of deaths take place in hospitals.

answer

40

question

Most Americans say they hope to die

answer

at home

question

Palliative care involves

answer

care aimed at relieving pain and other symptoms.

question

A recent study showed that music vigils for dying patients result in

answer

reduced anxiety

question

In a living will,

answer

people specify the treatments they do or do not want in case of a terminal illness, coma, or other near-death situation.

question

Mrs. Bernstein's attorney prepared a written document in which Mrs. Bernstein authorized her daughter to make health-care decisions on her behalf. Mrs. Bernstein's document is a(n)

answer

durable power of attorney for health care.

question

Which of the following individuals is the most likely to support voluntary active euthanasia?

answer

Greg, a man from the United States

question

Bereavement is

answer

the experience of losing a loved one by death.

question

The death of a __________ is the most difficult loss an adult can face.

answer

child

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