question

The term morbidity refers to

answer

illness and disease

question

The traditional American approach to health care is

answer

episodic

question

The goal of prevention medicine is to

answer

identify and reduce risk factors in the patient's life.

question

Which term BEST describes the process in which individuals or groups gain increasing control over their health?

answer

empowerment

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates group - oriented health promotion as described in your text?

answer

An inner - city neighborhood creates volunteer group to clean up parks, organize a crime watch program, and offer youth sports leagues.

question

According to the text, to define health,

answer

it is important to look past illness prevention and the postponement of death.

question

Unlike most other concepts of health, holistic health considers ______ to be part of overall heath.

answer

intellectual and spiritual dimensions

question

Your body weight, visual ability, strength, and level of susceptibility to disease are components of which dimension of health?

answer

physical

question

Your ability to cope with stress, remain flexible, and compromise to resolve conflict encompasses which dimension of health?

answer

emotional

question

People who have good emotional health tend to

answer

enjoy life more

question

Your ability to process information, clarify values and beliefs, and exercise decision-making ability lies primarily in which dimension of health?

answer

intellectual

question

The dimension of health that focuses on your relation to others, the nature of human behavior, and your willingness to serve others is the ____ dimension.

answer

spiritual

question

This dimension of health encompasses the ability to interact comfortably in diverse settings.

answer

social

question

The significant contribution the the occupational dimension makes to the wellness movement is that it

answer

defines for many the importance of the workplace to their sense of well being

question

Which of the following is an important principle for effective verbal communication?

answer

Start on a positive note.

question

Which of the following has been cited as one of the MOST important sources of nonverbal communication?

answer

facial expressions

question

Abraham Maslow proposed that spiritual and creative growth after one's ____ are satisfied.

answer

basic needs

question

Which of the following people is most likely to be labeled creative? One who

answer

likes to solve problems.

question

People with spiritual helath

answer

seek meaning and purpose in their lives.

question

Pessimism and low self-esteem tend to result from

answer

personalization

question

When an individual views a task as being hard, anticipates failing at that task, a subsequently performs poorly, they are experiencing which of the following

answer

learned helplessness

question

Which of the following chemical is said to be deficient in people with depression?

answer

serotonin

question

Your roommate Celine is normally an active person, but over the last two weeks she has remained in the apartment for several days. She won't talk to her friends when they call, and she seems to have no appetite. Celine is most likely suffering from

answer

clinical depression.

question

Mel was recently found on a rooftop claiming that he could fly. The next time you saw him, he did not even get out of bed, claiming he was worthless and would be better off dead. Several days later, police catch Mel driving at high speeds in the wrong direction on a freeway. Mel's behavior is MOST characteristic of

answer

bipolar disorder

question

Your friend Sue is talking about committing suicide. Which intervention strategy should you use to help her? You should

answer

stay with her until you can get further assistance.

question

Cary has experienced intense and frequent bouts of excessive worrying over anything for the past six months. She is an individual with

answer

generalized anxiety disorder.

question

An emotional episode that features rapid pulse, heavy sweating, shortness of breath, nausea, and the feeling of being out of control is probably a(n)

answer

panic attack

question

A person who does unreasonable things like constantly washing his hands or constantly checking door locks and MOST likely showing signs of

answer

obsessive - compulsive disorder.

question

Aleesha was suffering form obsessive - compulsive disorder, but recently has been doing much better. Which of the following is MOST likely? She

answer

is receiving behavioral and drug therapy.

question

Michael believes he was kidnapped by aliens. He said he reported his kidnapping to the FBI, but they ignored him. Much of his conversation is impossible to understand. Michael is MOST likely suffering from

answer

schizophrenia

question

Which of the following statements about the treatment of schizophrenia is MOST accurate?

answer

There is no cure for schizophrenia.

question

Unlike other mental health professionals, psychiatrists are

answer

medical doctors

question

Psychodynamic therapy is based upon the belief that

answer

effective treatment must focus on psychological forces underlying a patient's problems

question

The therapy that is based upon the belief that people, left to their own devices, will naturally grow in positive and constructive ways is termed

answer

humanistic therapy

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding stress?

answer

It is a physiological or psychological response to a significant or unexpected change or disruption in one's life.

question

The biggest factor in determining whether you experience stress as positive or negative is

answer

how you respond to it.

question

Selye used the term eustress to describe

answer

stress resulting from pleasant events in one's life.

question

The fight or flight response occurs during which stage of Selye's general adaption syndrome?

answer

alarm

question

The body's attempt to reestablish internal equilibrium occurs in which stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

answer

resistance

question

What is the name of the body structure that initiates the stress response for the hormonal and nervous systems?

answer

hypothalamus

question

The hormone that prepares the body for the stress response by increasing metabolic rate, cardiac function, and muscular tension, is called

answer

epinephrine

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of a stressor?

answer

Margo starting a new job

question

Which of the following questions is MOST clearly stated in the realm of psychoneuroimmunology?

answer

How does my reaction to stress affect my immune response?

question

A moderate level of stress in our lives

answer

is positive and beneficial

question

The bell - shaped curve demonstrating that there is an optimal level of stress for peak performance is the

answer

Yerkes - Dodson Law

question

You have studied for the test and feel you are prepared. You look at the first question and suddenly your mind goes blank. The harder you try to think, they more stressed you get. You are experiencing

answer

test anxiety

question

An individual procrastinates because he or she

answer

is delaying the task because he or she dreads doing it

question

The goal of coping techniques is to

answer

resolve the impact of stressors.

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sleep and stress?

answer

Normal circadian rhythms are important aspects to effective stress management.

question

Which of the following best describes why exercise is an effective stress management technique?

answer

Exercise can alleviate stress thorough the release of endorphins

question

Physical fitness is defined in your text is

answer

a set of attributes that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

question

Anaerobic literally means

answer

without oxygen

question

The strength - building exercise method that involves exerting force against immovable objects called

answer

isometric

question

Dumbbells and barbells are used in which form of strength training?

answer

isotonic

question

Muscular endurance is BEST developed by increasing

answer

repetitions.

question

Maintaining a healthy body composition is an important concern because

answer

of the high incidence of obesity in the United States.

question

According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for achieving cardiorespiratory fitness, the mod of activity should be

answer

any continuous physical activity that uses large muscles.

question

One of the recommendations for helping you to continue with an exercise program is to

answer

make it enjoyable.

question

To improve your cardiorespiratory fitness, you should exercise at least ____ times per week.

answer

three to five

question

Training at a level above your target heart rate will probably

answer

produce fatigue before much cardiorespiratory benefit occurs.

question

The ACSM recommends that exercise periods should last at least ____ minutes.

answer

20 - 90

question

Stretching should occur

answer

after warming up and after cooling down

question

One of the main benefits of a cool down period after exercise is to

answer

reduce the risk of sore muscles

question

Although the exact mechanism is unknown, osteoporosis occurs when

answer

The bones lose calcium

question

Osteoarthritits

answer

is a form of arthritis that develops as we age.

question

According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services' policy on physical activity, which of the following statements is the most TRUE?

answer

An equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous physical activity can be used to achieve significant health benefits.

question

The improvement of your aerobic fitness capacity has been associated with a decreased risk of developing which types of cancer?

answer

breast and colon

question

The main role of carbohydrates is to

answer

provide energy

question

What are starches? They are

answer

complex carbohydrates that represent an important energy source.

question

Which fats are suspected of contributing to heart disease?

answer

saturated

question

Which of the following is TRUE of cholesterol? It

answer

is produced by our own bodies.

question

Protein's primary role is to

answer

promote tissue growth and maintenance

question

The best way to ensure adequate intake of vitamins is to

answer

eat a variety of foods.

question

What is the function of the minerals you consume in your diet?

answer

They serve both as structural elements and to regulate some body processes.

question

We can survive for months without most nutrients, but without water we can live only

answer

less that one week.

question

What are the major benefits of fiber in your diet?

answer

improves the passage of food through the digestive tract and lowers blood cholesterol.

question

Of the following, which is the MOST important contribution of fruits and vegetables to our diets? They provide

answer

complex carbohydrates

question

Prevention of certain cancers can be gained by consuming a diet rich in

answer

fruits and vegetables.

question

The recommended number of daily servings from the milk group for adults is ____.

answer

three

question

The USDA's recommended daily serving of meat is ____ ounces.

answer

5.5

question

How many ounces of grains should adults eat daily?

answer

six

question

The most effective source of dietary iron is

answer

red meat

question

In the United States, nutritional information labels are required on all

answer

food products for which nutritional claims are made or to which nutrients are added.

question

Which of the following should NOT be done if you suspect foo poisoning?

answer

Wait a few hours to see if you feel better

question

People gain weight when they

answer

consume more calories than they need.

question

How are the terms overweight and obesity used differently?

answer

People who are 1 - 19 percent above their desired weight are called overweight, while those 20 percent or more above their desired weight are called obese.

question

The body mass index is

answer

a height/weight index in metric units

question

Skinfold measurements, electrical impedance, and hydrostatic weighing are all measures of

answer

body compostion

question

Which of the following methods is the MOST accurate means of determining body composition?

answer

hydrostatic weighing

question

Which of the following BEST explains the causes of obesity?

answer

Although no definitive cause is known, it is believed that several factors play a role.

question

Which of the following BEST summarizes the set point theory?

answer

Each person's body regulates its use of energy to maintain a certain weight range.

question

______ is second only to tobacco as the leading cause of premature death and disproportionately affects women of color and lower socioeconomic classes.

answer

Obesity

question

According to weight management experts, which of the following is the most important factor leading to obesity in the United States is

answer

inactivity

question

Consuming about ____ calories more than is needed results in a weight gain of one pound of fat.

answer

3,500

question

The amount of energy our bodies require for the digestion, absorption, and transportation of food is known as the __________ of food.

answer

thermic effect

question

Effective and lasting weight loss requires

answer

a lifestyle change that includes healthy eating and regular exercise

question

The problem with the over - the - counter appetite suppressant phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is

answer

its association with higher risk of stroke.

question

Which of the following was found in most herbal and OTC supplements until it was banned in 2003?

answer

ephedrine

question

Gastroplasty achieves its effectiveness as anti - obesity surgery by

answer

reducing the size of the stomach.

question

The key to maintaining a healthy weight is

answer

caloric expenditure through regular exercise.

question

A characteristic of the final stage of the addiction process is performing the addictive behavior in order to

answer

avoid withdrawal symptoms

question

So - called club drugs are identified by their

answer

association with bars and raves.

question

When two or more drugs are taken and the result is merely a combined effect of each drug, the result is a(n) ______ effect.

answer

addictive

question

The main difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary drug abuse prevention programs is

answer

their target audiences' experience with drugs.

question

Tranquilizers and barbiturates fit into which drug category?

answer

depressants

question

Which of the following BEST illustrates co-dependence?

answer

protecting an addicted son or daughter from criticism by ignoring the problem.

question

Drugs affect the central nervous system by

answer

blocking the production or forcing the continued release of neurotransmitters.

question

A drug commonly prescribed to hyperactive children that is sometimes abused is

answer

Ritalin

question

LSD is typically manufactured in

answer

home laboratories

question

Drugs that change the user's feelings, perception, or moods are called

answer

psychoactive

question

The main difference between designer drugs and drugs on the FDA's list of controlled substances is

answer

their legal status

question

Every day after work, Leon has a couple of drinks to help him relax even though it upsets his stomach. This illustrates that he

answer

is psychologically dependent on alcohol.

question

The strength of marijuana's hallucinogenic effects is determined by the amount of ______ it contains.

answer

THC

question

The unpleasant effects of drug withdrawal are caused by

answer

The body's attempt to regain homeostasis after developing a physical dependence on the drug

question

One of the biggest dangers of crack use is

answer

heart failure.

question

Cross - tolerance when

answer

tolerance for one drug affects tolerance for another.

question

Crystal methamphetamine is

answer

a pure form of methamphetamine that produces intense physical and psychological exhilatation

question

The addictive effects of cocaine are

answer

both psychological and physical.

question

One of the unique dangers of PCP is that

answer

users may attack those around them.

question

Cocaine, caffeine, and amphetamines are all

answer

stimulants

question

The most effective time to begin influencing a child NOT to smoke is

answer

at preschool age

question

Which of the following best describes the effect of nicotine on the central nervous system? It

answer

stimulates the central nervous system in low levels and depresses it in higher levels

question

Sam, a nonsmoker, has decided it would be cool to smoke cigars. If he begins a lifetime habit of cigar smoking, which of the following BEST describes the risk to his health?

answer

He will run a risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus, which is equal to that of smokers.

question

The 1999 Mater Tobacco Settlement Agreement between the states and the tobacco industry included payment of $246 billion over 25 years to the state fro

answer

reimbursement of smoking related Medicaid costs.

question

A regular smoker in her forties has just been told by her doctor that she has chronic bronchitis. Frightened, she has decided to quit smoking. What are her chances for recovery? She

answer

could recover completely.

question

Smoking affects men's fertility by

answer

causing changes in sperm number, mobility, and shape

question

Emphysema is

answer

a disease caused by the destruction of alveoli in the lungs.

question

According to the self - medication theory, which mood - enhancing substance is released during smoking?

answer

dopamine

question

A psychosocial incentive to smoke is the comfort smokers get from handling a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. This is called

answer

manipulation

question

When segments of a college community are studied, there is a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and

answer

level of alcohol use

question

The cancer - causing substances in tobacco smoke are carried into the body by

answer

both the gases and the particles.

question

Of all the gases released by tobacco smoke, the most harmful to smokers is

answer

carbon monoxide

question

The main concept of the boules theory of nicotine addiction is that

answer

people smoke to keep the brain stimulated with batches of nicotine.

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding chronic obstructive lung disease?

answer

Patients who have it tend to die an unpleasant, prolonged death.

question

The dependency - producing substance found in cigarettes is

answer

nicotine

question

It is possible for someone who has acute alcohol intoxication to have all of the following problems occur EXCEPT

answer

anxiety

question

Acute alcohol intoxication should be suspected in an individual if his

answer

skin is clammy and blush

question

Corey has passed out on the couch after participating in a drinking contest. His friends cannot wake him. What should they do?

answer

Seek emergency medical help.

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding alcohol and violent crimes?

answer

Alcohol use has been reported in more than 50 percent of all homicides.

question

Most of the alcohol that you drink is removed from your body by the process of

answer

oxidation

question

Which of the following characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome?

answer

children born with congenital damage attributable to the mother's use of alcohol

question

An inability to remember events that occurred during a period of alcohol use is called a

answer

blackout.

question

Which of the following organizations is known for promoting the use of a contract between parents and teenagers to provide transportation for each other if one has had too much to drink?

answer

SADD

question

If you host a party at which alcohol is served, you should be prepared to

answer

assume responsibility for all guests' health and saftey

question

Moderate drinking for men is defined as no more that ______ drinks a day

answer

two

question

All of the following factors influence the absorption of alcohol. Which one CANNOT be modified by the user?

answer

body chemistry

question

Jose has uncontrollable shakes, nausea, and vomiting when he does not drink. He would be classified as

answer

alcohol dependent

question

Alcoholics drink

answer

to escape the stress and pain in their lives

question

Why does eating a meal before drinking reduce the effects of alcohol?

answer

Food competes with the alcohol for absorption into the bloodstream slowing the rate at which alcohol is absorbed.

question

During the week, Alicia studies hard, works out, eats well, and gets plenty of sleep. She only drinks once or twice a week, at weekend parties, where she typically has five or six drinks each time. What kind of drinker is she

answer

heavy

question

When regulatory genes in cells fail to function properly and allow cancer to develop, they are called

answer

oncogenes

question

One of the dangerous properties of cancer cells is that they

answer

have an infinite life expectancy.

question

When doctors use terms such as carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma to describe cancers, they are naming them according to the

answer

basis of their cell type.

question

A tumor that does not spread to other sites in the body is labeled

answer

benign

question

The most effective tool for identifying breast cancer is

answer

mammography

question

You can reduce your risk of developing melanoma by

answer

protecting yourself from excessive exposure to the sun

question

Women in whom ovarian cancer has been diagnosed often report that the only symptoms were

answer

digestive distrubances

question

Which of the following types of solid tumors are most common among young men?

answer

testicular

question

Uterine cancer is cancer of the

answer

wall of the uterus

question

The principle risk factor related to the development of uterine cancer is

answer

high estrogen levels

question

The most effective and currently available screening method for cervical cancer is

answer

the Pap test

question

Which of the following is an effective method of preventing lymphoma?

answer

Little can be done to prevent lymphoma.

question

Blood clots, endometrial cancer, stroke, and cataracts are all possible side effects of which class of drugs that is used to treat breast cancer?

answer

estrogen receptor modulators

question

Vaginal cancer is most likely to occur among

answer

daughters of mothers who took the drug DES during pregancy

question

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing breast cancer?

answer

women whose menstrual period began at a later age

question

Which of the following is FALSE of women with Turner's syndrome? They

answer

are born with two X chromosomes.

question

Klinefelter's syndrome occurs when

answer

and extra sex chromosome occurs in a fertilized ovum.

question

Type 1 (insulin - dependent) diabetes occurs when the

answer

body loses its ability to produce insulin

question

A chromosome profile of 44XX indicates which of the following?

answer

a normal female

question

Your cousin has a chronic disorder that requires daily respiratory therapy, drugs, and a special diet. He most likely has

answer

cystic fibrosis.

question

In human embryos, most development and differentiation of tissues and organs is complete by ______ after fertilization

answer

three months

question

The cause of type 1 diabetes is the destruction of insulin - producing sites by

answer

one's own immune system

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of a congenital abnormality

answer

a cleft palate

question

Which organ produces insulin?

answer

pancreas

question

A chronic condition of low blood sugar that is not caused by diabetes is called

answer

hypoglycemia

question

Which of the following is NOT a serous medical problem associated with sickle - cell disease?

answer

abdominal bloating

question

Your aches and pains will be diagnosed as fibromyalgia if

answer

they occur at certain specific locations

question

Which of the following is NOT a symptom related to cystic fibrosis?

answer

enlarged fingerprints

question

A form of dementia caused by the gradual loss of brain function is referred to as

answer

Alzheimer's disease.

question

One of the major warning signs of type 2 diabetes is

answer

increased thirst.

question

Which of the following is FALSE regarding congenital abnormalities?

answer

They are solely caused by environmental factors.

question

Tuberculosis is a

answer

bacterial lung infection that creates a chronic cough and endangers health.

question

The West Nile virus is transmitted to human via

answer

mosquitoes

question

Macrophages are a form of

answer

white blood cells.

question

Which of the following is the BEST defense against Lyme disease?

answer

Check yourself thoroughly for ticks after being outdoors

question

Which of the following is an acute infection of the lungs that progresses rapidly and often kills the victim?

answer

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

question

The most common approach to treating influenza is to

answer

take aspirin, rest and drink plenty of fluids.

question

You have just taken your roommate to the hospital. She came down with what appeared to be flu two days ago, but you suspected meningitis when she complained of

answer

a severe headache and stiff neck

question

Most HIV infections occur through the exchange of blood, semen, or

answer

vaginal secreations

question

The mode of transmission fro Lyme disease is

answer

vector - based

question

To avoid catching another cold, which of the following will be the mos useful strategy?

answer

Wash your hands periodically when you are with groups of people.

question

An example of you body's so - called first line of defense against infections would be

answer

skin

question

Many people are concerned that there is a relationship between the development of autism and which childhood immunization?

answer

IMMR

question

Which of the following is the most effective way to avoid HIV infection

answer

Avoid sexual activity

question

The transmission of Hepatitis C is NOT caused by

answer

sharing a beverage

question

The general term for a disease - causing agent is

answer

pathogen

question

Adults are particularly under protected in regards to

answer

tetanus and diphtheria.

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