Holt McDougal Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
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biosphere
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All living things and all the places they are found on Earth.
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biodiversity
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The variety of life.
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species
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Particular type of living things that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves.
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biology
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The scientific study of all forms of life, or all types of organisms.
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organism
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Any individual living things.
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cell
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The basic unit of life.
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metabolism
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All of the chemical processes that build up or break down materials.
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DNA
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In all organisms, the genetic material is a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid.
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system
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An organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole.
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ecosystem
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A physical environment with different species that interact with one another and with nonliving things.
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homeostasis
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The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.
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adaption
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An inherited trait that gives an advantage to individual organisms and is passed on to future generations.
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observation
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Using our senses to study the world, but it may also involve other tools.
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data
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observations and measurements recorded during an experiment.
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hypothesis
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Proposed answer for a scientific question.
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experiment
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Scientists study factors called independent variables and dependent variables to find cause-and-effect relationships.
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independent variable
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In an experiment is a condition that is manipulated, or changed, by a scientist.
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dependent variable
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Observed and measure during an experiment; they are the experimental data.
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constants
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The conditions that do not change during an experiment.
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theory
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Proposed explanation for a wide range of observations and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence.
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microscope
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Provides an enlarged image of an object.
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gene
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A segment of DNA that stores genetic information.
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molecular genetics
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The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level.
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genomics
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The study and comparison of genomes both within and across species.
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biotechnology
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The use and application of living things and biological processes.
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transgenic
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Organisms that have genes from more than one species, or have altered copies of their own genes.
