HLTH 1000 Exam 1 Study Guide
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Most crimes against students occur ___ campus.
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Off
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___ of sexual assaults are committed by someone the victim knows.
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80%
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What accounts for 2/3 of college student violent crime?
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Simple Assault
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What is the #1 best tip for staying safe at ECU?
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If you drink, pace yourself!
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The broad measure of well-being that encompasses the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of health is called ___.
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Psychological Health
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___ health is the \"thinking\" component. It is your ability to perceive reality accurately and respond to its challenges rationally and effectively.
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Mental
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___ health is the subjective side including your feelings and moods (how you react emotionally to the ups and downs of life).
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Emotional
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___ health provides a sense of connection to a larger purpose couples with a system of core values that provide direction and meaning in life.
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Spiritual
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People that embrace higher levels of ___ are more likely to make decisions and take actions based on their own judgement rather than the influence of others. They are also more likely to take responsibility for the results of their decisions and actions.
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Autonomy
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List the five levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy in order starting form the bottom.
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Physiological Needs Safety and Security Love and Belonging Self-Esteem Self-Actualization
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What are some strategies for improving self-esteem?
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Take good care of yourself Pat yourself on the back Practice positive \"self-talk\" Stretch your abilities Tackle your \"to-do\" list Listen to yourself Reach out
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Why is OPTIMISM an important attribute in obtaining good psychological health?
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Motivates people to take action by the belief that most problems have solutions.
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The ability to accurately sense, assess, and manage emotions is called ___.
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Emotional Intelligence
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What is key when dealing with anger?
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Express your anger in a way that release your emotions but doesn't damage your relationships.
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Significant behavioral and psychological disorder that disrupt thoughts and feeling, impair ability to function, and increase the risk of pain, disability, or even death are referred to as ___.
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Mental Disorders
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The most basic symptom of depressive disorders is sadness that doesn't go away. What are some other symptoms?
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Feeling of being slowed down or lacking energy Difficulty thinking clearly or making decisions Social Withdrawal Sleep Disturbances Restlessness, Irritability
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___ is the most common mental health disorder.
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Depression
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Depressed ___ are also more likely than ___ to self-medicare through destructive behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse, or engage in reckless, risky behavior.
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Men Women
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(T/F) Antidepressants fix the underlying problems of what is bothering you.
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False
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What is generalized anxiety disorder and which sex is more likely to suffer from it?
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An exaggerated worry, and pessimism, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it or they know they are overreacting. Women
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Sudden feelings of terror that trike without warning is a ___.
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Panic Attack
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Which anxiety disorder involves an intense fear of being judged by other and of being humiliated by your own actions?
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have repeated and unwanted thought (___), which cause them to develop rituals (___) in an attempt to control the anxiety produced by these thoughts.
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Obsessions Compulsions
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Self-injury occurs in the form of intentional, self-inflicted cuts, burns, bruises, or other injuries, ___ suicidal intent.
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Without
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What are five SELF-CARE behaviors?
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Eat well Get the right amount of sleep Get some exercise Set realistic goals Seek company and support
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___ therapy focuses on thought and beliefs, and how they influence a person's mood and actions.
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Cognitive
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___ therapy focuses on changing learned behaviors, with the idea that once the ___ changes, our thoughts, feelings, attitudes and moods will follow.
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Behavioral Behavior
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What sex is more successful at succeeding at suicide?
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Men
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In the 21st century, most of our stressors are of the ___ variety.
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Psycho-Social
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The term STRESS is associated with situations or experiences that causes what types of feelings?
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Tension Anxiety
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Distinguish between DISTRESS and EUSTRESS and list some example of sources or each.
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Distress: negative stressors like low grades and money problems. Eustress: positive stressors like good grades or a victorious game.
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Briefly describe the three stages of the GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME.
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Alarm: fight-or-flight response occurs Resistance: body adjusts to stressor Exhaustion: after prolonged exposure to stressor, body wears out
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___ reflect long-term, life-changing events, such as the struggle to recover from a serious injury. Other examples are a bad breakup or the death of someone you love.
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Chronic Stressors
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What are some good strategies for coping with financial stress?
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Get a realistic handle on your finances Develop a plan for paying off debt Talk to financial aid adviser
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What are some effective TIME MANAGEMENT techniques?
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Plan, even just a little Stay prepared Break down big jobs Hate it? Do it first. Leave time for surprises Reward yourself
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___ allows the body to complete the fight-or-flight response by actually doing what it has been prepared to do.
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Physical Activity
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What is having a strong social support system an important ingredient in leading a mentally healthy life?
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They know you well and can help you keep the stress in your life in perspective.
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To help with test anxiety, answer the ___ questions first, which will give you confidence and allow you to budget your remaining time on the more ___ questions.
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Easy Difficult
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What are some tips to motivate yourself to exercise to relieve stress?
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Think of it as \"recess\" Vary the activity Make it a regular part of your schedule
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Define DRUG and PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG.
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Drug: any chemical taken to alter body physically or mentally for non-nutritional purposes Psychoactive: drug that alters feelings, mood, perception, or psychological functioning.
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The social pressure to experiment with drugs can be intense-especially for ___ living away from home, perhaps for the first time, and who have friends who use them.
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College Students
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Which illicit drug is most popularly used in the U.S.? Which type of drugs is the second largest category of illicit drug use?
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Marijuana Prescription Drugs (non-medical use)
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___ is the inappropriate use of a legal drug, either for a reason for which it was not medically intended, or by a person without a prescription.
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Drug Misuse
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___ is the use (most often the excessive use) of any legal or illegal drug in a way that is detrimental to your health.
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Drug Abuse
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The most addictive substances trigger a rush of the neurotransmitter ___, the brain's \"feel good\" chemical that causes feelings of pleasure and satisfaction.
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Dopamine
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When the brain is overstimulated chemically, users experience a sense of ___ that primes their bodies to repeat the stimulation.
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Euphoria
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Explain the difference between PSYCHOLOGICAL and PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE to a drug.
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Psychological: mental attachment to a drug Physical: body requires regular use of a substance in order to function
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What are common symptoms of DRUG WITHDRAWAL?
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Headaches Nausea Vomiting
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Which is the fastest way for a chemical to reach the brain?
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Injection
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The dosage level at which a drug becomes poisonous to the body is referred to as ___.
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Toxicity
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Which prescription drug do college students most commonly misuse?
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Painkillers
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What is the potential serious side effect of combining acetaminophen (Tylenol) and alcohol?
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Risk of lover problems increases.
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What are the long-term effects of marijuana?
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Daily cough and phlegm production Bronchitis Lung Damage Impaired Immune System Risk of cancer in lungs
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Define STIMULANT and give some examples of some commonly used ones.
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Drug the stimulates function of central nervous system resulting increase heart rate, and higher blood pressure Caffeine Cocaine Amphetamines Methamphetamine
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___ is the most popular min-altering drug in the world?
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Caffeine
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What are some common effects of excessive caffeine consumption? What are some symptoms of caffeine withdrawal?
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Restlessness, anxiety, dehydration, and irritability headaches, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness, and depression
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What are some common side effects of cocaine?
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Loss of appetite Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
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Why do people tend to take non-prescribed Adderall and Ritalin? What is the dark side to their use?
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Increases alertness, decreasing appetite and need for sleep Convulsions, chest pains, stroke
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How does METHAMPHETAMINE differ from AMPHETAMINES?
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Much more potent Longer lasting More harmful to central nervous system
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Chronic methamphetamine use significantly changes how the ___ functions and can reduce motor speed and impair verbal learning.
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Brain
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What type of drug is PCP and what other drug is it commonly applied with?
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Dissociative Drug Marijuana, LSD, Methamphetamine
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Ecstasy's negative effects are similar to those of ___ and ___.
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Amphetamines Cocaine
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What effect pf ROHYPNOL can make its users vulnerable to sexual assault?
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Unconsciousness
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Most psychoactive inhalants work somewhat like ___, slowing down the body's functions.
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Anesthetics
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The fastest-acting and most abused opiate is ___, an illegal, highly addictive drug.
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Heroin
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Define alcohol abuse.
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Recurrent alcohol use that has negative consequences.
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The majority of students who drop out of college their first year do so because of ___.
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Alcohol Use
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On average, one person's drinking habits affect ___ people other than the drinker.
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5
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What are the top four negative consequences of exposure to someone else's excessive drinking?
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Physical and sexual assault Damaged Property Vandalism Disrupted study and sleep
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What percentage of college women with unplanned pregnancies were intoxicated at the time of conception?
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66%
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Define BINGE DRINKING. How many drinks are considered a binge for men and women? In what age group is binge drinking most common?
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Heavy episodic drinking Men: 5 or more Women: 4 or more Ages 18-24
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What are the top four reasons students drink?
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Coping Conformity Enhancement Social
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What is the main organ involved in the absorption of alcohol?
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Small intestine
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What is the main organ involved in the metabolism of alcohol?
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Liver
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What is the main enzyme involved in metabolizing alcohol?
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ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)
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List the factor that affect the BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)?
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How much and how quickly? What you drink? Medications Food intake Your age/sex/weight/physical condition
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What are the immediate and long-term effects of alcohol on the body?
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Immediate: dehydration, sleep disturbances, alcohol poisoning Long-term: cancer, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), liver disease
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What is the effect of coffee on a HANGOVER?
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could make it worse because it causes dehydration
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What is the most effective way to treat a hangover?
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Time Drink sports drink for electrolytes
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What steps should you take if your friends drank too much and is now passed out?
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Turn person on their side to prevent choking from vomit Get help 911
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List and explain some negative consequences of using alcohol during pregnancy?
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Miscarriage Brain damage Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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List and define the symptoms of alcoholism.
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Tolerance: need more to get drunk Withdrawal: nausea, headaches, tremors, seizers
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What BAC will qualify you for DWI arrest of age and nor of legal age?
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21 or older 0.08% Below 21 ANY ALCOHOL
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What factors increase a person's risk for abusing alcohol?
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Low self-esteem Need for approval Victim of physical/sexual abuse Impulsiveness Peer pressure Poverty
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When did the majority of adults who regularly smoke began smoking?
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Before age 19
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The surgeon general has called ___ the leading preventable cause of disease and deaths in the United States.
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Cigarette Smoking
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What diseases are smoking a key risk factor for?
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Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Respiratory Disease
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Do light cigarettes provide health benefits? Explain.
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No, people are more likely to take bigger puffs and hold in smoke longer just to feel the same effect from a regular cigarette.
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___ is an inflammation of the main airways in the lungs that continues for at least 3 months. Symptoms include a chronic cough that produces mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, and frequent respiratory infections.
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Chronic Bronchitis
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How harmful is secondhand smoke?
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Twice as harmful because it contains more unfiltered chemicals.
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How does the amount of tobacco in cigars compare to the amount of tobacco in cigarettes?
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A single cigar can contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.
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What is leukoplakia and what type of tobacco are at highest risk for it?
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White lesions in mouth Snuff and Chew users
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Nicotine activates the pleasure center or the brain and raises levels of which neurotransmitter?
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Dopamine
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