History Semester Exam: Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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In what region did the first known states develop?
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Mesopotamia
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Sustained agriculture in Sumer relied on which of the following?
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Man-made irrigation systems
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What role did the first rulers of Ur, Uruk, and other Sumerian city-states play?
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priests
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Where did Sumerians build their largest temples?
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in the center of the city
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What surrounded Sumerian temples?
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the houses of ordinary citizens
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Which of these is considered the world's first city?
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Uruk
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To counter the temples' power, military leaders who became kings began to build what kinds of structures?
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Palaces to demonstrate the king's strength
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Who were known as "client" in Sumer?
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Free people who were dependent on the nobility
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Who worked the land owned by the king, nobles, and temples in ancient Sumer?
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client farmers and slaves
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Why did older men have the most power in the Mesopotamian social system?
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Mesopotamian societies were patriarchal
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Which of the following describes the earliest Sumerian writings?
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They were pictographs in which each sign pictured an object
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How did Sumerian scribes learn the cuneiform writing system?
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They were taught at special schools
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Sumerian scribes were trained largely to do what?
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To keep property and wealth records
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What is the key theme of the Epic of Gilgamesh?
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Humanity's search for immorality
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Around 2300 B.C.E., what chieftain conquered Sumer and created an empire?
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Sargon
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How did Sargon reinforce his rule in Mesopotamia?
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He tore down the defensive walls of major cities and appointed his own sons as rulers.
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How did religion contribute to Hammurabi's political success?
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He claimed that divine authority stood behind the laws that he established
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What was the intended function of Hammurabi's code?
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To regulate the relationships among his people and promote their welfare
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According to Hammurabi's code, who controlled a woman's dowry after she married?
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the woman herself
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What geographic feature had the largest impact on Egyptian culture and prosperity?
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the Nile River
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How did Egyptians view the afterlife?
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as pleasant
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According to Egyptian belief, the Nile's rise and fall was dictated by
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the pharaoh
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One of the earliest deities Egyptians worshiped was Amon, god of
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the sun
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for which of the following was a pharaoh believed to be responsible?
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Achieving integration between gods and humans
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Egyptian hieroglyphs were recorded on papyrus sheets and on what else?
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walls of tombs
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How did Egyptian and Mesopotamia women compare in terms of their ability to own and control property?
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Egyptian women owned and controlled more property than Mesopotamia women
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During what period did slavery become widespread in Egypt?
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New Kingdom
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What important contribution did the Hyksos make to Egyptian society?
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Their bronze technology and weaponry was adopted by Egyptians
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How was the New Kingdom different from the previous Middle and Old Kingdoms?
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Egyptians now focused more on conquest of new territories and created the first Egyptian empire
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Which of following contributed to the expansion of slavery in the New Kingdom period?
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Focus on the conquest of other peoples resulted in slaves being brought back to Egypt from conquered territories.
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Why was Akhenaten's interest in worship of a new sun-god Aten ultimately a failure?
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it was imposed from above and failed to find a place among the people
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Why did the Hittites and Egyptians conclude a peace treaty in 1258 B.C.E.
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both sides recognized the impossibility of defeating the other.
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Which civilization produced some of the best iron products in the world?
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Meroë
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In 727 B.C.E., King Piye conquered and unified Egypt from his home kingdom of
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Kush
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What was the Phoenicians' greatest cultural achievement?
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They created the first fully phonetic alphabet
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What remains our most important source of knowledge about ancient Jews?
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The Hebrew Bible
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The Hebrews created a monarchy with Saul as leader by fighting what other Palestinian people in the eleventh century B.C.E.?
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Philistines
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Which Hebrew leader captured the city of Jerusalem?
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David
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What happened to the Hebrew kingdom after Solomon's death?
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Conflict led to its split into two separate kingdoms
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How did the Hebrew religion change as a result of the Babylonian Captivity?
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it was redefined and established as the law of Yahweh
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How were children educated in ancient Israel?
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Education was a responsibility of both parents.
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Which of the following was true of the Assyrians? a) They were one of the most warlike people in history b) They used shrewd diplomacy to carve out an empire c) They united the small kingdoms of the Phoenicia and the Jews to defeat Egypt d) they were nomadic fighters who did not build or live in permanent towns.
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A
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In addition to his concept of empire, what was another characteristic that made Cyrus a remarkable warrior-king?
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His benevolence and humanity as a ruler
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What did Ahuramazda and Angra Mainyu represent?
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good and evil
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Which of the following was an important teaching of Zoroaster? a. Humans actions were the result of manipulation by the gods. b. people possessed free will and were accountable for their actions c. people's eternal fate was determined by the depth of their religious faith. d. all gods embodied good and truth, whereas only humans could be hateful or evil.
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b
