question

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

answer

It was a response to the "black codes" and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.

question

The Specie Redemption Act of 1875:

answer

allowed for the redemption of greenbacks in gold

question

Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction:

answer

10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union

question

During the Civil War, Congress passed:

answer

the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave 160 acres to settlers who lived on the land for five years

question

Carpetbaggers were:

answer

Union veterans

question

Jay Gould and James Fisk triggered a scandal with their scheme to:

answer

corner the gold market

question

"Hard-money" advocates argued that government war bonds should be:

answer

paid off in gold

question

After the war, rumors swept the South that ex-slaves would receive:

answer

forty acres and a mule

question

All of the following are reasons why Republicans lost control in the South EXCEPT:

answer

black voters switched to support the Democrats

question

Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth:

answer

was a pro-Confederate actor

question

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when:

answer

he tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission

question

All of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment are true EXCEPT:

answer

it ended slavery

question

The Radical state governments in the South did all the following EXCEPT:

answer

cut taxes

question

Ulysses S. Grant

answer

brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency

question

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

answer

It left the South's labor system in disarray

question

Southern efforts to recreate a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

answer

Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

question

What was the most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction?

answer

The passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

question

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded the people he blamed for leading the South into secession. They were:

answer

the wealthy planters, merchants, and bankers

question

At the end of the Civil War, the newly freed slaves were given:

answer

medical and legal assistance from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands

question

Johnson's Reconstruction plan:

answer

would restore the union fairly quickly

question

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

answer

oppressing blacks and white republicans

question

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:

answer

vetoed a bill to continue the Freedmen's Bureau

question

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to the Reconstruction efforts had:

answer

turned violent

question

What state was the only one in the nation that did not ratify all three constitutional amendments related to ending slavery (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth)?

answer

Kentucky

question

Why did southern Democrats agree to the Compromise of 1877?

answer

it ensured the last federal troops would be withdrawn from Louisiana and South Carolina.

question

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

answer

no candidate had an Electoral College majority

question

During Reconstruction, African Americans:

answer

attempted to establish schools

question

Northern voters supported Grant mainly because of his:

answer

military record

question

Why did Congressional Republicans write the "Wade-Davis Manifesto"?

answer

to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority

question

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

answer

It was a response to the "black codes" and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.

question

Many former Confederates resented the new state Constitutions imposed by Radical Republicans because:

answer

their provisions allowed for black voting and civil rights

question

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when:

answer

he tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission

question

Andrew Johnson was:

answer

impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate

question

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

answer

led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature

question

In the North, the Civil War especially elevated the power of:

answer

business leaders

question

Southern efforts to recreate a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

answer

Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

question

Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth:

answer

was a pro-confederate actor

question

The main purpose of the Union League was to:

answer

organize groups of Republicans in the South

question

In response to the Klan, President Grant:

answer

tried to protect black rights

question

What happened after the end of Reconstruction?

answer

The protections of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of restored white rule and unfavorable Supreme Court decisions.

question

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War EXCEPT:

answer

the use of prison labor by railroad companies

question

The Industrial Workers of the World:

answer

had its origin in the mining and lumber camps of the West

question

All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT:

answer

they took high-paying jobs from immigrants

question

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

answer

The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor.

question

Marxism, one strain of socialism, was imported to the United States mainly by:

answer

Germans

question

Crédit Mobilier is indicative of the type of shady big business financial practices that occurred during the Gilded Age because it:

answer

bribed officials and grossly overcharged for its services

question

The Molly Maguires

answer

aimed to right the perceived wrongs against Irish coal workers

question

A transcontinental railroad was not built before the Civil War because:

answer

North-South sectional differences prevented Congress from selecting a route

question

The Knights of Labor declined for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

answer

its leader Terrance Powderly died

question

The National Labor Union

answer

was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees

question

Violence erupted at the Homestead Works in 1892 when:

answer

Henry Frick tried to break a strike by bringing in Pinkertons

question

The Knights of Labor

answer

called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work

question

Which of the following statements about the Socialist Party of America is NOT true?

answer

Its support was confined to industrial workers in the Northeast.

question

Holding companies:

answer

are firms that control the stock of other companies

question

Why did Chinese refer to the Geary Act of 1892 as the "Dog Tag Law"?

answer

It required Chinese to carry their residential permit with them at all times or risk imprisonment and deportation.

question

Which of the following statements about the Socialist Party of America is NOT true?

answer

Its support was confined to industrial workers in the Northeast.

question

William D. "Big Bill" Haywood:

answer

was the leader of the Industrial Workers of the World

question

President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman strike was to:

answer

send federal troops to keep the trains running

question

"Trusts" like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust were vulnerable because they:

answer

were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade

question

Who developed the first alternating current electric system?

answer

George Westinghouse

question

All of the following statements are true of the Pinkertons EXCEPT:

answer

they relied on Chinese labor to fill their ranks

question

The greatest growth of the Knights of Labor took place:

answer

in the mid-1880s, when the union had several strikes against the railroads

question

Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?

answer

Its corporate structure—known as vertical integration—allowed the company to grow tremendously.

question

Mary "Mother Jones" Harris promoted all of the following causes EXCEPT:

answer

temperance

question

The National Labor Union

answer

was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees

question

The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women:

answer

more equal partners than were their eastern counterparts

question

Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?

answer

It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland.

question

By the late nineteenth century, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed:

answer

the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths

question

The first great cowtown was:

answer

Abilene, Kansas

question

The Comstock Lode refers to:

answer

a mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada

question

If there had been no white hunters in the West, the buffalo

answer

population would still have experienced a devastating decline

question

The major prophet of the New South gospel was:

answer

Henry W. Grady

question

Cattle drives:

answer

were largely over by 1886

question

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?

answer

It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals.

question

The American Tobacco Company was:

answer

dominating the U.S. tobacco industry by the twentieth century

question

The Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902:

answer

provided funds for irrigation works

question

Bourbons:

answer

was a term used to refer to the New South political leadership meant to depict that leadership as reactionary

question

The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because:

answer

they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies

question

In 1877, President Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with Native Americans, saying:

answer

"Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part"

question

Cattlemen rationalized violence against sheepherders because:

answer

they saw sheepherder ethnicity or religious beliefs as inferior

question

Much of the development of the western plains has been shaped by its:

answer

arid climate

question

In the late 1800s, the South experienced major increases in the production in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

answer

Automobiles

question

In the landmark case Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel Mining Company:

answer

the judge ruled on the legality of dumping mining debris in water sources

question

The conventional explanation that the buffalo disappeared from the plains due to overhunting by whites in the West is incomplete because:

answer

it does not account for environmental factors, such as changes in climate and competition for forage with other animals

question

Under Bourbon rule in the South, state spending for public education:

answer

dramatically declined

question

Range wars erupted by the late nineteenth century because of:

answer

conflicts over land and water rights between ranchers and farmers

question

Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because:

answer

Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican

question

Why was the expansion of railroads significant to the growth of the cattle industry?

answer

As the railroads increased the ability to ship huge numbers of western cattle, more "cowtowns" were established in the West.

question

Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was:

answer

to persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations

question

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that:

answer

the frontier shaped America's national character

question

Lester Frank Ward's version of reform Darwinism argued all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

humanity can not control the process of evolution

question

As America industrialized and immigration increased, access to secondary education in the United States:

answer

expanded dramatically

question

All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT:

answer

the banishment of animals to outside city limits

question

One of the reasons parks and outdoor recreation became popular in the late nineteenth century was because:

answer

concerns over congestion and disease led many to seek ways to restore their vitality and improve their health

question

Facing severe restrictions in their free time, married working women often:

answer

found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities

question

Vaudeville shows were popular because:

answer

they included something to please every taste, social class, and type

question

Why were bicycles especially popular with women?

answer

They allowed women to break free of Victorian restrictions by offering opportunities for freedom and exercise.

question

William Graham Sumner:

answer

argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs

question

Women's access to higher education by the end of the century:

answer

expanded significantly to the point that women made up one-third of all college students

question

Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing:

answer

Great urban parks in America

question

The spread of public education between the 1880s and 1900 reflected the desire:

answer

to Americanize immigrant children

question

The first professional baseball team was the:

answer

the Cincinnati Red Stockings

question

Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 significant in American immigration history?

answer

It was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class.

question

The author of Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking was:

answer

William James

question

One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because:

answer

it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city

question

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

answer

Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.

question

A strict social Darwinist would object to all the following EXCEPT:

answer

a governmental policy of "hands off" in regard to business

question

Herbert Spencer

answer

coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"

question

The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890:

answer

established and funded land-grant colleges

question

John Dewey's "instrumentalism":

answer

said that ideas were instruments for action

question

In the late nineteenth century, the least likely place you would find a woman spending her leisure time was at:

answer

a saloon

question

Angel Island was:

answer

the equivalent of Ellis Island located offshore from San Francisco

question

The American Protective Association:

answer

was a nativist group strongest in the upper Mississippi Valley

question

William Graham Sumner

answer

argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs

question

All of the following statements about newspapers in the late nineteenth century are true EXCEPT:

answer

they usually did not support either of the national political parties

History After 1877 – Flashcards

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