History – History Definitions – Flashcards
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Why did Florence Owens and her children travel through California in the 1930s?
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plant, cultivate and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields
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What was the Federal government's response to the 1936 crisis at the pea pickers camp in Nipomo, California?
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The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp
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What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?
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He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of navy and as governor of New York
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In order to win the presidential election in 1932, what did Franklin Delano Roosevelt have to do?
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Unite Democrats from the Northeast, South and West
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What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?
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The New Deal
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What made the election of 1932 particularly historic?
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57% of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress
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To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?
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the terror caused by the depression
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What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Relief, recovery and reform
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Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933?
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis
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How did he Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthen American banks?
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By releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets
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Describe the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
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It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed
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What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?
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Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio.
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What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households?
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Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)
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What was the purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps?
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To give young men government jobs conserving natural resources
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933?
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The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.
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How did the New Deal make significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America?
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By providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration
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How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit Acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers?
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The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property
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What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively?
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The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only
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Opponents of the New Deal included
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business leaders and Some labor leaders
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What event dealt the final blow to the National Recovery Administration in May 1935?
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The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional
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In 1936, the Supreme Court supported agricultural processors and distributors when it ruled against the
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act?
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Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants.
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Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?
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California
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Where did Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, place the blame for the nation's economic crisis?
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Communists, bankers and capitalists
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Dr. Francis Townsend and Huey P. Long both opposed the New Deal, calling instead for what type of program?
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The redistribution of income through taxation
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In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to do what?
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Enact major new social welfare programs
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Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists?
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Works Progress Administration
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What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934?
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To create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize
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The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries?
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The Committee of Industrial Organization
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In 1937, how did disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, act on their grievances?
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Staging a sit-down strike
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What was the outcome of the strike at Republic Steel outside Chicago in 1937?
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Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them
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How did the framers of Social Security agree to fund the program?
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With tax contributions from workers and employers
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What did the Social Security Act of 1935 provide?
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Old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance
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What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s?
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the programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17%, through the 1930s
