History 4th six weeks – Flashcards
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16th amendment
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Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. Time period: 7, it was ratified 1913 Sentence: The 16th amendment gave the government power to collect income taxes.
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17th amendment
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Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. Time period: 7, it was ratified in 1913 Sentence: The 17th amendment gave the government direct election in the case of a senator.
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18th amendment
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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages Time period: 7, it was ratified in 1920 and lasted till 1933 Sentence: The 18th amendment created prohibition.
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19th amendment
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Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. Time period: 7 Sentence: The 19th ammendment was finalized in 1920 and gave women the right to vote!
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Children's bureau
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investigated and publicized problems w/t child labor Time period: 7. established during Taft's presidency Sentence: The children's Bureau was a much needed bureau due to the harsh conditions that children were working in.
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Committee of public information
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Created in 1917 by Woodrow Wilson, headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons. Time period: 7. it was created in 1917 Sentence: The head of the Committee of public information , which portrayed Germany as determined to dominate the world, was George Creel.
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Espionage Act
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1917 law that set heavy fines and long prison terms for antiwar activities Time period: 7. it was created in 1917 Sentence: the Espionage Act discouraged anti war activity.
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Dollar diplomacy
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Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Time period: 7. it was during Taft's presidency Sentence: Dollar diplomacy was President Taft's policy of promoting U. S. Interests overseas by encouraging American business to invest in foreign countries, particularly in the Caribbean and Central America.
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Elkins act
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(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers Time period: 7
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Harlem Renaissance
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A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished Time period: 7. it was during the 1920s Sentence: The Harlem Renaissance has nothing to do with the Harlem shake.
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Hull house
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Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty. Time period: 7. It was during the progressive era Sentence: The Hull House was progressive idea.
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Interstate commerce act
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Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices Time period: 7.1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses Sentence: Interstate commerce act required railroads to publish rates, forbade discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for short haul than for a long one over the same line
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Joseph Pulitzer
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United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911) Time period: 7. lived 1847-1911 Sentence: Joseph Pulitzer used yellow journalism in competition with Hearst to sell more newspapers.
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Lusitania
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A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. Time period: 7. sunk 1915 Sentence: The Lusitania was not a cause of America going into WW1.
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League of nations
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an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations Time period: 7. formed in 1920 sentence: the league of nations is an organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.
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Muckrakers
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A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Frank Norris (The Octopus) Ida Tarbell (A history of the standard oil company) Lincoln Steffens (the shame of the cities) and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) Time period: 7. during Roosevelt's presidency Sentence: Muckrackers were a contributor of yellow journalism.
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Time period: 7. formed in 1909 Sentence: the NAACP was a progressive idea.
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Open door policy
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A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. Time period: 7. proposed 1899 China didn't have much say in the open door policy.
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Square deal
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Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers Time period: 7. during Roosevelt's presidency Sentence: the square deal was Roosevelt's idea and also a progressive idea.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. Time period: 7. president during the progressive era Sentence: the square deal was Roosevelt's idea and also a progressive idea.
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Treaty of Versailles
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(WW) 1918, , Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. Time period: 7. ratified in 1918 Sentence: The treaty of Versailles was at the end WW1.
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Underwood tariff
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Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax Time period: 7. ratified 1913 Sentence the Underwood tariff lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment.
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United mine workers
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A 1902 coal worker's strike called for an eight-hour work day and higher wages. Theodore Roosevelt stepped in and threatened the use of troops to settle the strike. It was the first time the government stepped in a labor dispute, but the result was improved conditions for the mine workers. Time period: 7. 1902 strikes Sentence: United mine workers was a union for Coal Miners that fought for better working conditions and higher wages. They also wanted heath and safety standards.
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Universal Negro improvement
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a black nationalist fraternal organization founded by Marcus Garvey. The organization enjoyed its greatest strength in the 1920s, prior to Garvey's deportation from the United States of America, after which its prestige and influence declined. Since a schism in 1949, there have been two organizations claiming the name. Time period: 7. strongest in the 1920s Sentence: Universal Negro improvement organization started by Marcus Garvey said blacks can't live with whites who were always racist
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Upton Sinclair
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muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. Time period: 7. the jungle was written in 1906 Sentence: Upton Sinclair was a muckracker.
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W. C. Handy
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known as the "Father of the Blues"; considered the most important composer of written blues during the early 1900s;trained musician and arrange Time period: 7. during the early 1900s Sentence: W. C. Handy was the father of blues.
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Washington naval conference
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1921 - president harding invited delegates from Europe and Japan, and they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence Time period: 7. occurred in 1921 Sentence: Washington naval conference was a peace treaty.
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William Howard Taft
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(1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson Time period: 7. 1908-1912 was his presidency Sentence: There is no proof William Howard Taft got stuck in his bathtub.
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William Randolph Hearst
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A highly successful publisher of several papers who used yellow journalism to boost success, the most famous of which was the New York Morning Journal. Served in the House of Representatives, and owned 28 newspapers, 18 magazines, and several other news sources and radio stations by 1935. Time period: 7. owned radio stations and news sources by 1935 Sentence: William Randolph Hearst was into yellow journalism
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Women's Christian temperance movement
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liberal social- other than just achlohol abuse it prevents prison and woman suffergae to promote world peace Time period: 7. it was founded 1874 Sentence:Women's Christian temperance movement was a major contributor in prohibition
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Woodrow Wilson
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28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize Time period: 7. WW1 president Sentence: Woodrow Wilson has a 14 point plan
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Yellow journalism
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Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers Time period: 7. in the late 1800s and early 1900s Sentence: Yellow journalism exploited people.
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Zimmerman Telegram
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March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico. Time period: 7. march 1917 Sentence: The Zimmerman telegram made Americans angry.
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Zora neale Hurston
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African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance Time period: 7. during The Harlem renaissance Sentence: Zora neale Hurston traveled all across the South collecting folk tales, songs & prayers of Black southerners. Her book was called Mules and Men.
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Federal trade commission
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A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy. Time period: 7. established 1914 Sentence: Federal trade commission was helpful in a competitive economy.
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Federal reserve act
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a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply Time period: 7. ratified 1913 Sentence: Federal Reserve act gave the government power.
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Federal workers compensation act
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Gave benefits to federal employees that were injured on the job. Also provides survivor benefits to dependents if injury caused employee's death Time period: 7. enacted 1916 Sentence:Federal workers compensation act gave benefit to national workers that were injured on the job.
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Imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. Time period: 7. lasted 1850-1914 Sentence: Imperialism was the attempt to dominate other countries.
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Bureau of mines
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This organization was set up by Taft to control mineral resources. It rescued millions of acres from exploitation and protected water-power sites from private development. This was one of his praiseworthy accomplishments that were overshadowed by his blunders. Time period: 7. during Taft's presidency. Sentence: Bureau of mines rescued land from exploitation.
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Sherman anti trust act
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First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions Time period: 7.1890. sentence:Sherman anti trust act was a law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States.
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Sedition act
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1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government Time period: 7. 1918 Sentence: Because of the Sedition Act the government had a lot of power.
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Referendum
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a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate Time period:7. 1918 20+ states enacted one or both reforms sentence:Referendum was a method by which actions of legislature could return to electorate for approval.
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Marcus Garvey
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African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. Time period: 7. deported to Jamaica in 1927 Sentence: Marcus Garvey founded the UNIA.
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Meat inspection act
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Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. Time period: 7. 1906 Sentence: Meat inspection act improved health conditions.
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Alaska
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(1867) purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, instigated by William Steward. Was significant because it ridded the continent of another foreign power. Time period: 7. 1867 Sentence: Alaska was a lot of land for cheap.
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F Scott Fitzgerald
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a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. His novel The Great Gatsby is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. Time period: 7. the Great Gatsby was written 1925. Sentence: F Scott Fitzgerald was anovelist and chronicler of the jazz age.
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Adamson Act
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1916; established an 8-hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime Time Period: 7. 1916 Sentence: The Adamson Act was helpful for workers.
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Elkins Act
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(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers Time period: 7. 1903 Sentence: The Elkins Act gave the ICC power.
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Keating Owen Child Labor Act
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also known as Wick's Bill, was a short-lived statute enacted by the U.S. Congress which sought to address child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods produced by factories that employed children under fourteen Time period: 7. 1916 Sentence:Keating Owen Child Labor Act addressed child labor.
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jazz
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A style of dance music popular in the 1920s Time period: 7. popular in the 1920s Sentence: Jazz was considered scandalous.
