History 3 Workbook – Flashcards

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World War I saw the first use of many new weapons. One of these, poison gas, was particularly devastating due to its:
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C) physical and psychological effects.
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With an Allied victory in the major battles of 1916-1917, one Allied veteran stated:
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A) "Neither side had won, nor could win, the War. The War had won, and would go on winning."
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How did the Balfour Declaration affect the postwar policies of the Middle East?
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E) It gave British approval to a national home for European Jews in Palestine.
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Many social changes occurred in Europe as a result of World War I. Among them was the emergence of the "New Woman," an occurrence that was greeted:
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D) with mixed reviews; many celebrated it while many grumbled about the change.
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The Russian people revolted against their tsar in 1917 because of:
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E) all of these
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To what does the term total war refer?
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D) the intense commitment of a nation's whole human and material resources to fighting
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In 1914, the military leaders of Europe were confident that the European war, escalated by a scramble for colonies and an arms race between the two systems of alliance, would be quick due to their advanced technologies and large armies. (T or F)
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A) True
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Bankers and financiers were great supporters of the war as they hoped to profit from wartime production and capture colonial markets. (T or F)
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A) True
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Propaganda campaigns had been used throughout the war and would make it difficult for any country to accept a non-punitive peace settlement, as the injustices, motivations and hatreds and atrocities of the war had been so deeply ingrained in the peoples of Europe. (T or F)
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A) True
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The Allied powers' extensive borrowing of funds from the British resulted in the hobbling of France as a financial power and the rise of the United Kingdom as a financial power within Europe after the war. (T or F)
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B) False
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Which of the following describes a way in which Stalin's "Great Terror" defeated its own purpose?
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B) In trying to take direct control over economic and political life, Stalin managed to eliminate many of his most talented subordinates.
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Fascism, as a political form of government developed in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s:
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C) rested on the principles of statism, nationalism, militarism, and an economy that fully supports the government while remaining free.
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During the unstable period following the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, many armed bands grew in number and influence. Among them were the Freikorps, who were:
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E) anti-Marxist, anti-Semitic, and antiliberal.
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What was the Dawes Plan?
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E) a new system of war reparations for Germany, intended to ease the financial strain
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Who was/were the SA?
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C) the paramilitary arm of the Nazi party, which engaged in intimidating acts of public violence
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According to Joseph Goebbels in his pamphlet Why Are We Enemies of the Jews, the Nazi party was founded on the twin hatreds of Jews and:
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A) capitalism.
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The Nuremberg Decrees of 1935:
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A) deprived Jews of Reich citizenship.
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Although the collapse of prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 caused severe problems in the United States, it had immediate and disastrous consequences in Europe because:
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C) the United States had become a primary international creditor during World War I.
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The interwar period may be viewed as a series of failures typified by:
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E) all of these
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The Five-Year Plan resulted in enormous growth in population and in industrialization of Russia.(T or F)
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A) True
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The Second World War differed from the First World War in many ways that did NOT include:
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C) the improvement of trench warfare.
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Which of the following was NOT an important factor in the weakness of the League of Nations?
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A) the League's inability to coordinate coherent, international action to limit the effects of the Great Depression
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How did Nazi efforts to end the Great Depression in Germany contribute to the militarization of Europe?
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C) through a massive program of rearmament, also intended to reduce unemployment
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How did France ultimately respond to Germany's stunning early successes in May 1940?
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D) a rapid surrender after six weeks of fighting, followed by the creation of a neutral, right-wing government in the south of France
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Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Second World War's expansion from a European war to a genuinely global conflict?
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A) the eruption of conflict between Axis and Allied forces in French and German colonies in Africa
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The Nazis had little trouble in carrying out their program of extermination of the Jews in Europe since most people in Europe at the time:
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C) saw Jews, because of traditional anti-Semitism and modern, radicalized nationalism, as "foreign" and not as part of their national communities.
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Industrially, the Allies had several advantages over the Axis powers, not the least of which was:
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B) not pursuing perfection, but developing working, standard designs and producing them in overwhelming numbers.
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Which of the following was NOT a major contributing factor to the eventual Soviet victory against Germany?
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B) relentless propaganda campaigns designed to convince Germany's allies of the Nazis' unreliability and the hopelessness of their cause
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"Island hopping" was a removed, yet brutal, form of warfare in which the American navy destroyed Japan's network of island bases throughout the Pacific by aerial bombings.(T or F)
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B) False
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Use of the atomic bomb was considered necessary by both senior military and naval commanders who realized Japan would never surrender.(T or F)
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B) False
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Which of the following helped foster the establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe after 1945?
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B) Soviet diplomatic pressure, political infiltration, and military power
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Which of the following was NOT an important element of the Marshall Plan?
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A) the restriction of Catholic political movements that tended toward an inherent suspicion of American culture and political motives
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The economic boom that Europe enjoyed following World War II was fueled by:
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E) all of these
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Two of the most influential international agencies, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, were designed to establish a stable economic landscape and were established in 1944 at:
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A) Bretton Woods.
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For the most part, when the European colonial powers left Africa, their legacy was:
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A) such that virtually none of the former colonies possessed the means to make independence work.
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Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French, the war in Algeria was much harder since it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerrilla war in the countryside, a war of terror fought in Algeria's cities, and a war:
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E) of opinion at home, politically dividing the country and bringing down the government.
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Even with Nikita Khrushchev's desire to improve relations with the West and reduce tensions, military events occasionally escalated almost to the point of war, as in 1962, when:
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D) the Soviet Union attempted to install intermediate-range ballistic missiles and other offensive military equipment in Cuba.
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered a farewell address to the United States in which he warned that:
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D) a military-industrial complex had taken shape and that its influence was felt at every level of government in the United States.
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Superpower rivalry was brought to the far corners of the globe as newly emancipated nations, freed from the holds of imperialism, were fought over as allies.(T or F)
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A) True
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After World War II, the anticolonial independence movements sweeping through Asia and Africa created a new group of nations that avoided aligning with one another or any other bloc and called itself the "Third World." (T or F)
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A) True
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The new culture of mass consumption in Western Europe was marked by:
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E) all of these
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Which of the following is NOT true of culture in the 1950s and 1960s?
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B) Given the large numbers of young people as a result of the "baby boom," the mass culture of the 1950s and 1960s would be expressed primarily through music
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Which of the following was NOT an issue addressed by the American Civil Rights Movement, in addition to racial equality?
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A) greater toleration of minority religions, particularly Islam
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Which of the following were immediate causes of the unrest in Paris during 1968?
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D) demands for modernization of university life and wage increases for embattled industries
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Which of the following did NOT endure and grow following the 1960s?
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D) violent student protests
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Which of the following was an immediate political consequence of the events of 1968?
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C) the political recovery of leading conservatives from the United States to Czechoslovakia
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The economic transformation that Western Europe experienced in the decades following World War II was, for the Eastern bloc:
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B) nonexistent. The Eastern bloc experienced an economic slowdown due to its failure to innovate.
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Which of the following was NOT a disturbing follow-up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?
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E) the fragmentation of the Warsaw Pact into competing factions
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By the 1960s, industrial labor meant something far different than what it did in the nineteenth century. (T or F)
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A) True
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In the changing atmosphere of the world after the Second World War, education alone automatically produced social mobility.(T or F)
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B) False
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Globalization has generated discussions concerning:
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E) all of these
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The "neoliberal" economics of the 1970s stressed:
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E) free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs.
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The term liquid modernity refers to:
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C) the relative free flow of people, money, and ideas around the world.
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To what does the term postcolonial refer?
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C) the many legacies of colonial rule, which have extended well beyond independence
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How were South African politics decisively transformed in and after 1990?
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E) by the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela and the legalization of the African National Congress
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The Middle East has drawn more attention in recent years due to all of the following reasons except:
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D) Iraq's Islamic Revolution.
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In the mid-1970s, a long recessionary period in Western economies was triggered by:
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B) an oil embargo inspired by hardliners among the oil-producing states.
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By the 1970s, the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes:
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D) was an emerging form of radical Islam, which wanted to see the establishment of religious states.
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The term checkerboard of poverty and affluence refers to the presence of wealthy countries among poverty-stricken ones.(T or F)
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B) False
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Poorer postcolonial regions have found a profitable market in the West through the adoption of illegal forms of commerce. (T or F)
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A) True
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