question

World War I saw the first use of many new weapons. One of these, poison gas, was particularly devastating due to its:

answer

C) physical and psychological effects.

question

With an Allied victory in the major battles of 1916-1917, one Allied veteran stated:

answer

A) "Neither side had won, nor could win, the War. The War had won, and would go on winning."

question

How did the Balfour Declaration affect the postwar policies of the Middle East?

answer

E) It gave British approval to a national home for European Jews in Palestine.

question

Many social changes occurred in Europe as a result of World War I. Among them was the emergence of the "New Woman," an occurrence that was greeted:

answer

D) with mixed reviews; many celebrated it while many grumbled about the change.

question

The Russian people revolted against their tsar in 1917 because of:

answer

E) all of these

question

To what does the term total war refer?

answer

D) the intense commitment of a nation's whole human and material resources to fighting

question

In 1914, the military leaders of Europe were confident that the European war, escalated by a scramble for colonies and an arms race between the two systems of alliance, would be quick due to their advanced technologies and large armies. (T or F)

answer

A) True

question

Bankers and financiers were great supporters of the war as they hoped to profit from wartime production and capture colonial markets. (T or F)

answer

A) True

question

Propaganda campaigns had been used throughout the war and would make it difficult for any country to accept a non-punitive peace settlement, as the injustices, motivations and hatreds and atrocities of the war had been so deeply ingrained in the peoples of Europe. (T or F)

answer

A) True

question

The Allied powers' extensive borrowing of funds from the British resulted in the hobbling of France as a financial power and the rise of the United Kingdom as a financial power within Europe after the war. (T or F)

answer

B) False

question

Which of the following describes a way in which Stalin's "Great Terror" defeated its own purpose?

answer

B) In trying to take direct control over economic and political life, Stalin managed to eliminate many of his most talented subordinates.

question

Fascism, as a political form of government developed in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s:

answer

C) rested on the principles of statism, nationalism, militarism, and an economy that fully supports the government while remaining free.

question

During the unstable period following the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, many armed bands grew in number and influence. Among them were the Freikorps, who were:

answer

E) anti-Marxist, anti-Semitic, and antiliberal.

question

What was the Dawes Plan?

answer

E) a new system of war reparations for Germany, intended to ease the financial strain

question

Who was/were the SA?

answer

C) the paramilitary arm of the Nazi party, which engaged in intimidating acts of public violence

question

According to Joseph Goebbels in his pamphlet Why Are We Enemies of the Jews, the Nazi party was founded on the twin hatreds of Jews and:

answer

A) capitalism.

question

The Nuremberg Decrees of 1935:

answer

A) deprived Jews of Reich citizenship.

question

Although the collapse of prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 caused severe problems in the United States, it had immediate and disastrous consequences in Europe because:

answer

C) the United States had become a primary international creditor during World War I.

question

The interwar period may be viewed as a series of failures typified by:

answer

E) all of these

question

The Five-Year Plan resulted in enormous growth in population and in industrialization of Russia.(T or F)

answer

A) True

question

The Second World War differed from the First World War in many ways that did NOT include:

answer

C) the improvement of trench warfare.

question

Which of the following was NOT an important factor in the weakness of the League of Nations?

answer

A) the League's inability to coordinate coherent, international action to limit the effects of the Great Depression

question

How did Nazi efforts to end the Great Depression in Germany contribute to the militarization of Europe?

answer

C) through a massive program of rearmament, also intended to reduce unemployment

question

How did France ultimately respond to Germany's stunning early successes in May 1940?

answer

D) a rapid surrender after six weeks of fighting, followed by the creation of a neutral, right-wing government in the south of France

question

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Second World War's expansion from a European war to a genuinely global conflict?

answer

A) the eruption of conflict between Axis and Allied forces in French and German colonies in Africa

question

The Nazis had little trouble in carrying out their program of extermination of the Jews in Europe since most people in Europe at the time:

answer

C) saw Jews, because of traditional anti-Semitism and modern, radicalized nationalism, as "foreign" and not as part of their national communities.

question

Industrially, the Allies had several advantages over the Axis powers, not the least of which was:

answer

B) not pursuing perfection, but developing working, standard designs and producing them in overwhelming numbers.

question

Which of the following was NOT a major contributing factor to the eventual Soviet victory against Germany?

answer

B) relentless propaganda campaigns designed to convince Germany's allies of the Nazis' unreliability and the hopelessness of their cause

question

"Island hopping" was a removed, yet brutal, form of warfare in which the American navy destroyed Japan's network of island bases throughout the Pacific by aerial bombings.(T or F)

answer

B) False

question

Use of the atomic bomb was considered necessary by both senior military and naval commanders who realized Japan would never surrender.(T or F)

answer

B) False

question

Which of the following helped foster the establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe after 1945?

answer

B) Soviet diplomatic pressure, political infiltration, and military power

question

Which of the following was NOT an important element of the Marshall Plan?

answer

A) the restriction of Catholic political movements that tended toward an inherent suspicion of American culture and political motives

question

The economic boom that Europe enjoyed following World War II was fueled by:

answer

E) all of these

question

Two of the most influential international agencies, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, were designed to establish a stable economic landscape and were established in 1944 at:

answer

A) Bretton Woods.

question

For the most part, when the European colonial powers left Africa, their legacy was:

answer

A) such that virtually none of the former colonies possessed the means to make independence work.

question

Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French, the war in Algeria was much harder since it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerrilla war in the countryside, a war of terror fought in Algeria's cities, and a war:

answer

E) of opinion at home, politically dividing the country and bringing down the government.

question

Even with Nikita Khrushchev's desire to improve relations with the West and reduce tensions, military events occasionally escalated almost to the point of war, as in 1962, when:

answer

D) the Soviet Union attempted to install intermediate-range ballistic missiles and other offensive military equipment in Cuba.

question

President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered a farewell address to the United States in which he warned that:

answer

D) a military-industrial complex had taken shape and that its influence was felt at every level of government in the United States.

question

Superpower rivalry was brought to the far corners of the globe as newly emancipated nations, freed from the holds of imperialism, were fought over as allies.(T or F)

answer

A) True

question

After World War II, the anticolonial independence movements sweeping through Asia and Africa created a new group of nations that avoided aligning with one another or any other bloc and called itself the "Third World." (T or F)

answer

A) True

question

The new culture of mass consumption in Western Europe was marked by:

answer

E) all of these

question

Which of the following is NOT true of culture in the 1950s and 1960s?

answer

B) Given the large numbers of young people as a result of the "baby boom," the mass culture of the 1950s and 1960s would be expressed primarily through music

question

Which of the following was NOT an issue addressed by the American Civil Rights Movement, in addition to racial equality?

answer

A) greater toleration of minority religions, particularly Islam

question

Which of the following were immediate causes of the unrest in Paris during 1968?

answer

D) demands for modernization of university life and wage increases for embattled industries

question

Which of the following did NOT endure and grow following the 1960s?

answer

D) violent student protests

question

Which of the following was an immediate political consequence of the events of 1968?

answer

C) the political recovery of leading conservatives from the United States to Czechoslovakia

question

The economic transformation that Western Europe experienced in the decades following World War II was, for the Eastern bloc:

answer

B) nonexistent. The Eastern bloc experienced an economic slowdown due to its failure to innovate.

question

Which of the following was NOT a disturbing follow-up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

answer

E) the fragmentation of the Warsaw Pact into competing factions

question

By the 1960s, industrial labor meant something far different than what it did in the nineteenth century. (T or F)

answer

A) True

question

In the changing atmosphere of the world after the Second World War, education alone automatically produced social mobility.(T or F)

answer

B) False

question

Globalization has generated discussions concerning:

answer

E) all of these

question

The "neoliberal" economics of the 1970s stressed:

answer

E) free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs.

question

The term liquid modernity refers to:

answer

C) the relative free flow of people, money, and ideas around the world.

question

To what does the term postcolonial refer?

answer

C) the many legacies of colonial rule, which have extended well beyond independence

question

How were South African politics decisively transformed in and after 1990?

answer

E) by the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela and the legalization of the African National Congress

question

The Middle East has drawn more attention in recent years due to all of the following reasons except:

answer

D) Iraq's Islamic Revolution.

question

In the mid-1970s, a long recessionary period in Western economies was triggered by:

answer

B) an oil embargo inspired by hardliners among the oil-producing states.

question

By the 1970s, the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes:

answer

D) was an emerging form of radical Islam, which wanted to see the establishment of religious states.

question

The term checkerboard of poverty and affluence refers to the presence of wealthy countries among poverty-stricken ones.(T or F)

answer

B) False

question

Poorer postcolonial regions have found a profitable market in the West through the adoption of illegal forms of commerce. (T or F)

answer

A) True

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