question

Which of the following tribes did NOT live on the Great Plains?

answer

Hopi

question

The Sand Creek massacre of 1864 was led by

answer

John Chivington

question

Which of the following was, perhaps the greatest Native American victory of the United States Army

answer

Custer's Last Stand

question

The Dawes Severalty Act sought to "civilize" the Indians by

answer

turning them into landowning ranchers and farmers

question

Which of the following phrases describes the journey for most settlers westward?

answer

All members of the journey had tasks to fulfill on the trail

question

The Homestead Act of 1862 failed because

answer

the land allotments were insufficient for farming arid land

question

Which group was the West's largest landowners?

answer

railroad companies

question

Which of the following stimulated the western cattle industry?

answer

railroads and a population increase in the eastern United States

question

The increase of farmers in the West after the Civil War was caused, primarily, by

answer

the belief in economic opportunity by many Americans

question

The _____ was established to help provide isolated farmers with social and cultural activities

answer

National Grange

question

The most important advances in industrialization

answer

came in the last third of the nineteenth century

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor in American industrial development?

answer

industrialization of the South

question

Industrial growth was concentrated in the

answer

Northeast

question

The most significant technical innovation of the nineteenth century was

answer

railroads

question

The most important figure in American Finance was

answer

J.P. Morgan

question

The individual most closely associated with innovations in photographic equipment was

answer

George Eastman

question

The development of brand names, chain stores, and mail order houses

answer

provided convenience and standardization

question

Which of the following groups received the greatest rewards from industrialization?

answer

white, native-born males

question

By the 1890s, the most important labor organization in the country was the

answer

American Federation of Labor

question

The Haymarket Square Riot

answer

weakened the national labor movement

question

As the new immigrants entered American society, they

answer

clung to the customs of their native countries

question

Tenements were

answer

urban apartment buildings that tended to be overcrowded

question

What did the popularity of spectator sports indicate?

answer

the increased amount of leisure time

question

The most popular spectator sport in the late nineteenth century was

answer

baseball

question

A founder of the National American Women Suffrage Association was

answer

Susan B. Anthony

question

Public schools in the 1870s and 1880s

answer

vigorously stressed discipline and routine

question

As a result of the Plessy v Ferguson decision

answer

public education became more expensive for the southern states

question

Booker T Washington

answer

believed that self-help was the best plan for African Americans

question

W.E.B. Du Bois

answer

believed educational advancement was the key to success

question

Jane Addams was the founder of

answer

Hull House in Chicago

question

The grandfather clause waived the literacy requirement for voters whose ancestor had

answer

voted before 1867

question

Which of the following presidents was assassinated in office?

answer

James Garfield

question

The Pendleton Ave

answer

provided a merit system for the national government

question

Those who supported the free coinage of silver

answer

were convinced it would help the agrarian sectors

question

Which one of the following was NOT a demand of the Populist Part

answer

maintenance of the gold standard

question

The individual who rocketed to national attention because of the Pullman strike was

answer

Eugene V Debs

question

President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on grounds that it had

answer

obstructed the delivery of the mail

question

The writings of Mark Twain

answer

relied on the realism and humor of American Life

question

The literary naturalists argued that

answer

the environment has a great effect in shaping human character

question

The two major presidential candidates of the 1896 election were

answer

William Jennings Bryan and William McKinley

question

Theodore Roosevelt resigned from his position as ____ to organize the Rough Riders

answer

assistant secretary of the navy

question

For many political and religious leaders, expansionism

answer

would mean the triumph of American civilization around the globe

question

In 1867, Secretary of State William Steward had the United States purchase Alaska from

answer

Russia

question

Why did American interest in Hawaii increase in the 1890s?

answer

the economic and military value of the islands increased

question

According to the theories of Alfred Thayer Mahan

answer

a strong navy was an integral part of America's wealth and power

question

To the publishers of yellow journalism

answer

sensational news articles would increase sales

question

During the Spanish-American War, African Americans in the military

answer

found segregation and discrimination similar to civilian life

question

The leader of the Filipino resistance movement against the U.S. occupation of the Philippines was

answer

Emilio Aguinaldo

question

By 1900, China

answer

had become vulnerable to European imperialism

question

The Open Door notes

answer

provided the United States with economic rights to China

question

What was the term for journalist who investigate American Life and sought to expose corruption and questionable practices?

answer

muckrakers

question

Which one of the following individuals wrote The Jungle?

answer

Upton Sinclair

question

Frederick W. Taylor's management methods emphasized

answer

the enforcement of work standards and cooperation

question

In the new industrial systems, workers

answer

frequently face repetitive and boring tasks

question

The main focus of the Niagara Movement was

answer

African American Rights

question

Which one of the following individuals took gradualist approach to African American concerns

answer

Booker T Washington

question

Scientific racism espoused all of the following beliefs EXCEPT

answer

"new immigrants" were inferior, thus they must be helped by native Americans

question

A major difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor was

answer

membership in the knights of labor was open to all workers

question

A turning point in the Pullman strike occurred when

answer

President Cleveland ordered federal troops to enforce a court order against the strike

question

An industrial owner who practiced horizontal integration

answer

bought out competitors in the same industry

question

Coney Island in New York served as an optimal example of American's love for

answer

Amusement Parks and technological wonders

question

Jacob A Riis's How the Other Lives focused on

answer

the sordid life of the urban poor

question

Of the following groups that migrated to the United States in the late nineteenth century, where were motivated most fear of violence

answer

Russian Jews

question

Regarding the increase of female workers, most American believed that

answer

a women's proper role was caring for home and family

question

Residential suburbs were first populated by

answer

members of the middle class

question

The Great Uprising of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's

answer

railway companies

question

The term "Great Migration" refers to the

answer

mass movement of American blacks from the rural South to the urban North

question

The Workplace of the late 1800s included all of the following conditions EXCEPT

answer

safe and healthy enivronment

question

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle focused on the problems of

answer

meatpacking plants

question

Which spectator sport was large favored by the middle class at the turn of the century

answer

professional baseball

question

Which statement would most likely have been said by a believe in Social Darwinism

answer

"The laws of nature dictate the conditions of life for both rich and poor"

question

Grandfather clauses and pool taxes were used to

answer

deny blacks the right to vote

question

A supporter of temperance believed that

answer

consumption of alcohol was sinful

question

All of the following statements about W.E.B. Du Bois are true EXCEPT

answer

he stressed agricultural education as the major aspect of improving life for the blacks

question

Booker T Washington emphasized

answer

vocational training as a way of establishing economic independence

question

D.W. Griffith's successful firm, Birth of a Nation, promoted an image of

answer

romanticized heroism by the Ku Klux Klan

question

During the 1880s and the 1890s, many young white southerners

answer

romanticized the myth of the Lost Cause in the Civil War

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

established segregation as an institution in the southern state

question

Most southerner women's clubs supported all of the following activities EXCEPT

answer

forming alliances with black women's clubs in the South

question

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

answer

started out as an interracial organization

question

The decision in the Plessy v Ferguson case

answer

led to enactment of institutional segregation in the South

question

The killings of owners of the People's Grocery in 1892 stemmed fro the fact that

answer

southern whites often resented blacks who became economically successful

question

The powerful Southern Farmers' alliance had its origins in

answer

Texas

question

Traditional southerners felt that urban development in the South was

answer

evidence of the continuing domination of the North

question

Which statement about cotton in the late 1800s of the New South is not true

answer

Growing even more cotton would have bolstered sagging prices

question

Which statement best describes the subtreasury plan?

answer

storing cotton in warehouses in an effort to increase cotton prices

question

All of the following statements are true about typical mining towns EXCEPT

answer

as towns developed, local agriculture and transportation decresed

question

All of the following lived on the Great Plains EXCEPT the

answer

Chinooks

question

Effects of the Dawes Act included

answer

more Indian land being owned by whites

question

Farming in the West

answer

required a much larger scale of arming to achieve success

question

Joseph McCoy made an important decision when he

answer

established a northern shipping point for cattle in Abilene, Kansas

question

Mining eventually became a corporate operation becuase

answer

massive capital investment in equipment was conducive to financial success

question

The Homestead Act

answer

guaranteed free acres of land to citizens who farmed the land for five years

question

The Santa Fe Ring

answer

seized millions of acres through fraud and legal manipulation

question

The Sioux were finally defeated

answer

because it was difficult for them to sustain their traditional Indian economy

question

The cattle industry and "cattle drives" originated in

answer

Texas

question

The corporate cattle boom collapsed because

answer

corporations overstocked ranges which caused ecological disaster

question

the development of mining technology resulted in

answer

less use of skilled labor

question

The second Treaty of Fort Laramie

answer

required the United States to abandon routes traveling through Sioux territory

question

What event in 1848 started a huge influx of whites into Indian Territory

answer

the discovery of gold in Indian territories

question

What happened at Wounded Knee South Dakota in 1890

answer

At least 150 Sioux men, women, and children were slaughtered

question

Which group was not a major part of the people known as "cowboys"?

answer

Irish Americans who left urban areas in the East

question

Which statement about prostitutes in mining towns is not true

answer

Most prostitutes were able to save enough to buy small homes or businessess

question

Which statement about the Sand Creek Massacre is not true

answer

The fighting began when Indians attacked a mining town

question

Mahanism emphasized

answer

the importance of the navy in imperial expansion

question

After Dewey's victory Filipino leader Emiolo Aguinaldo

answer

declared the Philippines an independent country

question

American imperialist often rationalized action by

answer

expressing the opinion that people of Anglo-Saxon descent were from a superior culture

question

American investment, through dollar diplomacy increased dramatically

answer

during the presidency of William Howard Taft

question

Before the Spanish American War the yellow press

answer

used sensationalism to stir up war fever

question

Economic conditions that fueled support for foreign trade included

answer

a huge increase in the amount of manufactured goods produced in America

question

Popular anger against Spain was ignited by

answer

the destruction of the US Ship the Maine

question

Rationales for imperialism in the era 1890-1910 included all of the following ideas EXCEPT

answer

the United State needed a vast buffer zone to offset communist expansionism

question

The Open Door Policy

answer

allowed America to create an informal economic empire

question

The Roosevelt Corollary was seen by Theodore Roosevelt as

answer

a logical extension of the Monroe Doctrine

question

The Teller Amendment

answer

called for Cuban self-government

question

The United States and European nations contested spheres of influence in

answer

China

question

The crucial role in capturing San Juan Hill was played

answer

the 10th Negro Cavalry

question

The effort to annex Hawaii in 1893 foreshadowed

answer

the difference between Republicans and Democrats regarding imperialism

question

The overall effect of the Platt Amendment was to

answer

restrict Cuba's autonomy at home and abroad

question

Which statement about Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy is true

answer

Despite campaign claims Wilson ended up aggressively using interventionsim

question

Which statement best describes the duality of causes for American invention in Cuba

answer

Americans were motivated by both commercial concerns and their support for freedom

question

Woodrow Wilson took all of the following actions in Mexico EXCEPT

answer

signing an agreement of friendship with Porfirio Diaz

question

As a presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan was appealing to Populists due to his

answer

support for free silver economic policies

question

At first, the Farmers' Alliance attempted to

answer

establish cooperatives to market crops and purchase supplies

question

In response to the 1893 depression, President Cleveland

answer

did essentially nothing to help those suffering the most

question

Support for the free silver movement was strongest

answer

with farmers in the South and West

question

The Democrats of the late 1800s portrayed themselves as the party of

answer

limited government and person liberties

question

The Greenback Party formed primarily in response to

answer

congressional laws passed by sound money advocates

question

The Interstate Commerce Commission was

answer

unsuccessful in enforcing the public's call for regulating the railroad industry

question

The Pendleton Civil Service Act began the move toward

answer

separating partisan politics from attaining government jobs

question

The beginning of a stronger, more assertive presidency began with

answer

William McKinley

question

The most accurate description of the spoils system is

answer

awarding patronage jobs based on party activism and loyalty

question

The presidents in the era 1868-1896 were known for

answer

their weak use of presidential powers

question

The word suffrage is synonymous with the right to

answer

vote

question

Throughout the 1890s Supreme Court decisions tended to

answer

support the powers of big business

question

Which statement about presidential elections in the period 1876-1900 is true

answer

Overall voter turnout was far greater than ever achieved after that period

question

A major difference between Theodore Roosevelt and the presidents of the Gilded Era was

answer

Roosevelt was much more aggressive in his use of presidential powers

question

As governor, Robert LaFollette successfully passed all of the following reforms EXCEPT

answer

women's suffrage at the state level

question

Changes in the strategy of suffragettes in the early 1900s included

answer

adopting activist tactics such as rallies and political lobbying

question

Leaders of the Social Gospel movement sought to

answer

introduce religious ethics to industrial relations

question

Many progressive reformers supported prohibition legislation because

answer

they believed alcohol was a cause of poverty and many other social problems

question

Most settlement houses were staffed

answer

middle-class women

question

Reformers who called for use of the Australian ballot succeeded in getting

answer

the right of voters to have privacy in the voting process

question

Reformers who focused on ending child labor faced resistance from big business and

answer

some poor parents who need the extra income

question

Reformers in rural areas during the early 1900s achieved all of the following aims EXCEPT

answer

managing to stop rural people from being drawn to urbanization trends

question

The Harrison Act

answer

restricted the distribution and use of narcotics

question

The Nineteenth Amendment

answer

gave women the right to vote

question

The Seventeenth Amendment

answer

provided the direct popular election of the US Senators

question

The main goal of the muckrakers was to

answer

raise the public's awareness of social problems

question

Theodore Roosevelt's reform philosophy was closest to that of

answer

the Gospel of Efficiency

question

Use of the initiative allowed reformers to

answer

propose legislation directly to the electorate

question

When mine owners refused to meet with coal workers at the White House, Roosevelt

answer

made it clear that he would not use his influence to break the union

question

Sand Creek Massacre

answer

Chivington Massacre - November 29, 1864 when a 700 man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a peaceful village of Cheyenne and Arapaho inhabited in the southeastern Colorado Territory, killing mutilating an estimated 70 - 163 Indians, about 2/3 of whom were women and children

question

Ghost Dance

answer

A religious movement that arose in the late nineteenth century under the prophet Wovoka, a Paiute Indian it involved a set of dances and rites that its followers believed would cause white men to disappear and restore lands to the Native Americans. the Ghost Dance region was outlawed by the US government and army intervention to stop it led to the Wounded Knee Massacre

question

Battle of Little Big Horn

answer

Fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull (c.1831-90) at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer's Last Stand.

question

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

answer

Legislation passed in 1882 that excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied US citizenship to Chinese nationals living in the United States. It was the first US exclusionary law that was aimed at a specific racial group

question

John Rockefeller

answer

American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.

question

Knights of Labor

answer

Also known as the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor. Founded in 1869, this labor organization pursed broad-gauged reforms as much as practical issues such as wages and hours. Unlike the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor welcomed all laborers regardless of race, gender, or skill.

question

J Piermont Morgan

answer

Head of the New York investment house of J.P. Morgan and Company John Pierpont "J.P." Morgan was an American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

question

American Federation of Labor

answer

Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886, the AFL was a loose alliance of national craft unions that organized skilled workers by craft and worked for specific practical objectives such as higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions. The AFL avoided politics, and while it did not expressly forbid black and women workers from joining, it used exclusionary practices to keep them out.

question

Booker T Washington

answer

Booker Taliaferro Washington was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community

question

W.E.B DuBois

answer

William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community.

question

Plessy v Ferguson

answer

A Supreme Court case in 1896 that established the doctrine of "separate but equal" and upheld a Louisiana law requiring that blacks and whites occupy separate rail cars

question

Mugwumps

answer

Drawing their members mainly from among the educated and upper class these reformers crusaded for lower tariffs, limited federal government, and civil service reform to end political corruption They were best known for their role in helping to elect Grover Cleveland to the presidency in 1884

question

Atlanta Compromise

answer

The Atlanta compromise was an agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, and other African-American leaders, and Southern white leaders.

question

Social Darwinism

answer

Adapted by English social philosopher Herbert Spencer from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, this theory held that the "laws" of evolution applied to human life, that change or reform therefore took centuries, and that the "fittest" would succeed in business and social relationships It promoted the ideas of competition and individualism, saw as futile any intervention of government into human affairs ,and was used by influential members of the economic and social elite to oppose reform

question

Settlement Houses

answer

Located in poor districts of major cities, these were community centers that tried to soften the impact of urban life for immigrants and other families. Often run by young, educated women, they provided social services and a political voice for their neighborhoods Chicago's Hull House, founded by Jane Addams in 1889 became the most famous of the settlement houses

question

Poll Tax

answer

was a prerequisite to the registration for voting in a number of states. The tax emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19th century as part of the Jim Crow laws

question

Pendleton Act

answer

is a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit

question

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

answer

Passed by Congress in 1890, this act was the first major US attempt to deal legislative with the problem of the increasing size of business. It declared illegal "every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce." Penalties for violations were strict ranging from fines to imprisonment and even the dissolution of guilty trusts. The law was weakened when the Supreme Court, in United States v. E. C. Knights and Co. 1895, drew a sharp distinction between manufacturing and commerce and ruled that manufacturing was excluded from its coverage. Nonetheless, the law shaped all future antitrust legislation

question

Grandfather Clauses

answer

was a statute enacted by many American southern states in the wake of Reconstruction (1865-1877) that allowed potential white voters to circumvent literacy tests, poll taxes, and other tactics designed to disfranchise southern blacks. Following the American Civil War (1861-1865) and the Fourteenth Amendment (1868), which extended citizenship to blacks, the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) was ratified, providing a mandate that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged...on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." But after a brief period of relatively open voting, southern states and, especially, Democratic legislators began enacting poll taxes, literacy and property tests, and understanding clauses, which they claimed would exclude the poor and uneducated, in a thinly veiled attempt to eliminate the black vote. Many Southern states, however, had to rely on the cunning of voter registrars to ensure that poor and uneducated whites were not disfranchised by these tests.

question

Gold Standard Act

answer

passed by Congress 1900 this law declared gold the nation's standard of currency, meaning that all currency in circulation had to be redeemable in gold. The United States remained on the gold standard until 1933

question

Alfred Thayer Mahan

answer

was a United States Navy admiral, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.

question

Teller Amendment

answer

in this amendment, sponsored by Senator Henry M Teller of Colorado, the United States pledged that it did not intend to annex Cuba and that it would recognize Cuban independence from Spain after the Spanish American War

question

Yellow Journalism

answer

in order to sell newspaper to the public before and during the Spanish American War, publishers William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer engaged in blatant senstationalization oft he news, which became known as "yellow journalism." Although it did not cause the war with Spain, it helped turn US public opinion against Spain's actions in Cuba

question

Open Door Policy

answer

established in a series of notes by Secretary of State John Hay in 1900, this policy established free trade between the United States and China and attempted to enlist major European and Asian nations in recognizing the territorial integrity of China. It marked a departure from the American tradition of isolationism and signaled the country's growing involvement in the world

question

Muckrakers

answer

unflattering term coined by Theodore Roosevelt to describe the writers who made a practice of exposing the wrongdoings of public figures. Muckraking flourished from 1903 to 1909 in magazines such as McClure's and Collier's, exposing social and political problems and sparking reform

question

Margaret Sanger

answer

was an American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger's efforts contributed to several judicial cases that helped legalize contraception in the United States. Sanger is a frequent target of criticism by opponents of birth control and has also been criticized for supporting eugenics, but remains an iconic figure in the American reproductive rights movement.

question

Frederick W Taylor

answer

was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era. Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his book The Principles of Scientific Management.

question

Niagara Movement

answer

led by Du Bois that focused on equal rights and the education of African American youth. Rejecting the gradualist approach of Booker T Washington, members kept alive a program of militant action and claimed for African Americans all the rights afforded to other Americans. It spawned later civil rights movements.

question

Sixthteenth Amendment

answer

Introduction of Federal Income Tax

question

Seventeenth Amendment

answer

Senate Election

question

Eighteenth Amendment

answer

Prohibition

question

Nineteenth Amdenment

answer

Women Suffrage

question

John Dewey

answer

FAA was an American philosopher, psychologist, leading activist in the Georgist movement, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.

question

Hepburn Act

answer

1906 - a law that strengthened the rate- making power of the Interstate Commerce Commission, again reflecting the era's desire to control the power of the railroads. It increased the ICC's membership from five to seven, empowered it to fix reasonable railroad rates, and broadened its jurisdiction. It also made ICC rulings binding pending court appeals

question

New Nationalism

answer

Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Nationalism called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It also called for efficiency in government and society; it urged protection of children, women, and workers; accepted "good" trusts; and exalted the expert and the executive. Additionally, it encouraged large concentrations of capital and labor

question

New Freedom

answer

Wood Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, Franklin Delano Roosevelt promised a "new deal" for the American People. After this election, the label was applied to his problem of legislation passed to combat the Great Depression. The New Deal included measures aimed at relief, reform, and recovery. They achieved some relief and considerable reform but little recovery.

question

Federal Reserve Act

answer

One of the most important laws in the history of the country, this act created the central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks, governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today

History 1302 – Chapter 17 – 23 – Flashcards

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