question

The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to:

answer

Reestablish trade and collect tribute

question

As a result of the Ming dynasty's abandoning support for oceanic exploration:

answer

Chinese maritime power declined and opened the way for newcomers and rivals in the Indian ocean and Southeast Asia

question

Which of the following was a major difference between the rulers of Spain and Portugal and the Ottomans?

answer

The Spanish Portuguese rulers expelled or forced the conversion of members of other religions; the Ottomans permitted those with diverse religious beliefs to remain in their territory

question

Which of the following factors led to China's economic expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ?

answer

Thriving and elaborate internal trade networks

question

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?

answer

Gold's value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.

question

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

answer

The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas, while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries.

question

Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?

answer

Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish.

question

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

answer

European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas.

question

What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and the Caribbean?

answer

Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations

question

Which of the following sparked Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church?

answer

Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences

question

The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to:

answer

identify their religion with their local state and language

question

What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas?

answer

They took advantage of Spain's bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars.

question

Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?

answer

Common people took up arms to defend their religious beliefs and practices instead of leaving warfare to professional soldiers

question

In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs?

answer

Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions instead of attempting to force religious conformity

question

Which of the following accurately describes a change in China's economy during the Ming dynasty?

answer

Silver money replaced barter in China's internal markets.

question

What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties?

answer

Both were able to limit European traders to port cities

question

Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macao?

answer

The Portuguese used Macao as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China

question

In what way did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?

answer

Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade silver from the Americas to China, and then Chinese goods to Europe

question

What advantage was provided by the English East India Company's royal charter?

answer

It gave exclusive rights to import East Indian goods into England.

question

What led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies?

answer

Little mineral wealth was found in the English, French, or Dutch colonies

question

What, according to mercantilist thinkers, was the purpose of colonies?

answer

To enrich the states that had founded them

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?

answer

European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the political and economic disorder in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century

answer

The Mamluks in Egypt asserted political and commercial autonomy

question

Identify the primary reason that Renaissance culture spread throughout Europe by the late sixteenth century

answer

economic prosperity and competition between political and religious leaders

question

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia?

answer

They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean

question

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade

answer

To take over the trade or tax local merchants

question

Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century

answer

The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships

question

In the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation in which of the following ways

answer

The Church sought to reform clerical corruption

question

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)

answer

Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country

question

Which of the following was a major consequence of the Renaissance?

answer

A network of independent, educated people who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church

question

Ming officials, in contrast to rulers in Portugal and Spain, viewed maritime expansion as

answer

a potential source of disorder and instability

question

What actions did Ottoman officials take to assist the caravan trade transporting goods from China to the Ottoman heartland

answer

Officials established caravan series for travelers' refreshment and protection

question

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties

answer

The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might

question

What role did Europeans play in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century slave trade in Africa

answer

Europeans remained in coastal enclaves, depending on indigenous political and trading networks to bring slaves to them

question

Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states

answer

Weak rulers and internal divisions

question

Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?

answer

Mughal invaders took over large amounts of Ottoman territory in the eastern part of the empire

question

During the seventeenth century, rising levels of global commerce increased prosperity in the Ming and Mughal Empires but also led to which of the following

answer

A decline in centralized state control

question

The Ming Dynasty's administrative and economic difficulties were evidenced by

answer

failure to respond effectively to natural disasters

question

Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?

answer

They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture

question

Which of the following undermined both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires

answer

The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation, which undermined their economic autonomy

question

Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?

answer

The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others

question

Which of the following groups was most attracted to Wahhabi Islam

answer

People who felt threatened by new commercial activities and the increasing pace of intellectual change

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