question

In 1492, how many people lived on the continents of North and South America?

answer

70 million

question

Which of the following was among the foods that sustained the Inuit and Aleut tribes?

answer

Seals

question

Which group dominated Mexico from 900-1100 C.E.?

answer

Toltecs

question

What was the name of the Aztec capital?

answer

Tenochtitlán

question

Which of the following is an example of "mound-building" society?

answer

Mississippian

question

Most African immigrants came to the Americas from _________.

answer

West Africa

question

Which religion took root in West Africa in the eleventh century?

answer

Islam

question

The Renaissance originated in the city-states of ________.

answer

Italy

question

Calvin emphasized the doctrine of _________.

answer

predestination

question

Who opened a sea route from Europe to India

answer

Vasco de Gama

question

Which European country funded Columbus's voyages?

answer

Spain

question

Conquistadores came from ________.

answer

Spain

question

Which disease devastated the Aztec population?

answer

Smallpox

question

Where was the Inca empire primarily located?

answer

Peru

question

_________ was an eloquent advocate for the Indians of Hispaniola.

answer

Bartolomé de Las Casas

question

The "Black Death" killed what fraction of Europe's population?

answer

1/3

question

Who introduced horses to America?

answer

Columbus

question

The Treaty of Tordesillas affected which countries?

answer

Portugal and Spain

question

Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River in order to _________.

answer

find a water route to Asia

question

Which British monarch formed the Church of England separate from the Catholic Church?

answer

Henry VIII

question

King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth first targeted _________ for colonization.

answer

Ireland

question

Queen Elizabeth sent Frobisher in search of _________.

answer

the Northwest Passage

question

Who was the first English child born in America?

answer

Virginia Dare

question

A war between England and _________ delayed the dispatch of a relief ship for the Roanoke colony for three years.

answer

Spain

question

Who wrote the "Discourse on the Western Planting"?

answer

Hakluyt

question

What allowed early Americans to start permanent villages?

answer

Farming

question

Which group developed Mesoamerica's most advanced writing system?

answer

Mayans

question

In 1500, the overall state of relations among Native American groups was ________.

answer

unstable

question

Which of the following tribes is a descendent of the ancestral Puebloan peoples?

answer

Hopi

question

In the fifteenth century, West African empires were typically found in the ________ areas.

answer

inland

question

In the fourteenth century, Europeans were most familiar with the __________ part of Africa.

answer

northern

question

The majority of African slaves lost their freedom __________.

answer

by being captured in war

question

Which of the following contributed to frequent warfare between West African states?

answer

proliferation of skilled metalworkers

question

Which of the following contributed to European interest in the slave trade?

answer

The decline in population caused by the Black Plague

question

According to Luther, salvation is the result of _________.

answer

faith

question

What was the primary aim of the Counter-Reformation?

answer

To strengthen the Catholic Church

question

Of the following events, which one most threatened trade between Europe and Asia?

answer

The fall of Constantinople to the Turks

question

Which of the following allowed Portugal to develop a monopoly in Far Eastern trade?

answer

The design of the Caravel

question

Which of the following prompted Columbus to turn Indians in slaves

answer

His frustration with the lack of gold in Hispaniola

question

Which of the following helped the conquistadores to defeat the Aztecs?

answer

Superior Weaponry

question

Pizarro arrived when the Inca empire was weakened, because _________.

answer

the Incas just suffered through a smallpox epidemic

question

Which of the following was a transplant from the Old World to the New World?

answer

Sheep

question

Where did the English first establish plantations?

answer

Ireland

question

Hakluyt argued that the Indians, once civilized, would be _________.

answer

purchasers of English goods

question

What did the Hakluyt consider "sincere religion"?

answer

Protestant Christianity

question

During the sixteenth century, which of the following countries was unsuccessful in its attempted to create a permanent settlement in the Americas?

answer

England

question

Which of the following English explorers demonstrated respect for the native populations of North America?

answer

Hariot

question

What was the key difference between the slavery in Africa and slavery in the Americas?

answer

Slavery in Africa involved less coercion and abuse

question

Which of the following aspects of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest negative effect?

answer

The exchange of disease

question

Which of the following initially prevented France and England from pursing rights to New World land?

answer

The Protestant Reformation

question

Who founded a permanent settlement in Quebec in 1608?

answer

Samuel de Champlain

question

What is the meaning of the term 'filles du Roi'?

answer

King's Daughter

question

The Dutch Republic was _________.

answer

predominantly Protestant

question

By 1600, which group had become the leading economic power in Europe?

answer

The Dutch

question

Large, landed estates were offered to wealthy Dutchmen from the West India Company in the 1630's were called _________.

answer

patroonships

question

The Virginia Company was composed primarily of merchants from _________.

answer

London

question

What was the House of Burgesses?

answer

The first legislative body in English America

question

What did indentured servants receive for their labor?

answer

Free passage to America

question

Which law, passed in 1649, called for freedom of worship for all Christians?

answer

The Act for Religious Toleration

question

Widows in the English colonies _________.

answer

controlled their deceased husbands' lands until their eldest son reached 21

question

Which of the following was a common disease in the Chesapeake colonies?

answer

Malaria

question

The first New England settlement, founded in 1620, was ________.

answer

Plymouth Colony

question

The Wampanoag leader was named _________.

answer

Massasoit

question

Freemen in the General Court in Massachusetts were those male property holders who _________.

answer

were church members

question

The settlers in which area adopted the Fundamental Orders?

answer

Connecticut

question

Anne Hutchinson held religious meetings in _________.

answer

Boston

question

What happened in 1642 that slowed the number of settlers to New England?

answer

The outbreak of the English Civil War

question

The Spanish began importing African slaves to Santa Domingo to grow sugar cane, because ________.

answer

many Indians had died from disease

question

By 1700, more than ________ slaves had been brought to the English West Indies.

answer

250,000

question

The first Europeans in the Caribbean concentrated on _________.

answer

mining for precious metals

question

By the 1640's, the principal crop grown in Barbados went from bring tobacco to ________.

answer

sugar

question

The Fundamental Constitution of Carolina ensured stability by linking property ownership and political right to ________.

answer

a hierarchical social order

question

The Dutch colony of New Netherlands split to become the two proprietary colonies of ________.

answer

New Jersey and New York

question

Who devised the "Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina"?

answer

Anthony Ashley Cooper

question

Which crop, introduced in the 1690's became a staple for the Carolina economy?

answer

Rice

question

What situation interrupted France's efforts to establish a foothold in North America?

answer

Religious warfare between Catholics and Protestants

question

The total number of French settlers in Canada ________.

answer

was less than the total number of England's North American settlers

question

The instrument of colonial dominance for the Dutch was the ________.

answer

Dutch East India Company

question

The settlers in New Netherland treated the Iroquois people as _________.

answer

trading partners

question

What was the greatest challenge facing the Maryland colony?

answer

Religious conflict

question

Which of the following was a joint-stock company that was granted a charter to establish an English colony in the New World?

answer

Plymouth

question

Falling tobacco prices in the eighteenth century caused the colonists to _________.

answer

produce more tobacco

question

The Puritans who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony _________.

answer

wanted to reform the Anglican Church

question

The first document the establish self-government -- and the decisions of the majority -- in North America was _________.

answer

the Mayflower Compact

question

Unlike the Virginia settlers, most Englanders settled in America with ________.

answer

their families

question

Compared to families in the Chesapeake region, New England families ________.

answer

had more children

question

Relative to Virginia's economy, New England's economy was ________.

answer

more diversified

question

Why did Anne Hutchinson move to Rhode Island?

answer

Rhode Island had a policy of religious toleration

question

Which of the following was one on the ways the slaves managed to preserve some elements of a normal life under the brutal conditions of slavery and the slave codes?

answer

They formed families

question

Farming of which of the following caused widespread deforestation of entire Caribbean islands?

answer

Sugar Cane

question

Why was it difficult for colonists to become wealthy in the sugar trade?

answer

Production of sugar required costly investments in land and equiptment.

question

Which country turned Brazil into one of the world's major producers of sugar?

answer

Portugal

question

The profits earned from rice persuaded Carolina planters to ________.

answer

bring more indentured servants to the region

question

Rice farming was very similar to the farming of ________.

answer

sugar

question

Which colonial religious group granted women spiritual equality with men?

answer

Quakers

question

Which of the following colonies had an established practice of peaceful and respectful interactions with the native population?

answer

Pennsylvania

question

The Quakers rejected _________ and believed that salvation was possible for anyone who sought it.

answer

predetermination

question

Which of the following stalled population growth in the Chesapeake colonies?

answer

Prohibition on marriage of indentured servants

question

Which of the following offered colonists the greatest religious freedom?

answer

Rhode Island

question

What was the dominant religion in the English colonies during the seventeenth century?

answer

Anglican

question

Which European settlers sought the greatest amount of direct control over Indian laborers?

answer

Spanish

question

One of the Spaniards' most important methods of labor control was the ________.

answer

encomienda

question

Which European group was the most successful in adapting to the Native American understanding of trade?

answer

The French

question

During the Beaver Wars, the Dutch supplied the _______ with guns.

answer

Iroquois

question

Property rights among the Indians were held ________.

answer

collectively

question

Spain's religious missionaries to America represented which religion?

answer

Catholicism

question

Franciscan missionaries insisted that Indian converts ________.

answer

abandon their former ways of life and adopt everything from Spanish culture and life

question

Where did King Philip's War take place?

answer

New England

question

Where did Bacon's Rebellion occur?

answer

Virginia

question

Popé was a leader within which Indian tribe?

answer

Pueblos

question

The Arabic word for slave, abd, became synonymous with _________.

answer

black man

question

Arab slave traders frequently sought slaves in _______.

answer

Sub-Saharan Africa

question

Slaves who could not escape while still in Africa suffered through a lengthy voyage called ________.

answer

The Middle Passage

question

Georgia was founded as a refuge for _________.

answer

English debtors

question

The first generation of slaves in America is referred to as ________.

answer

the charter generation

question

Which slave population lived longer than African immigrants?

answer

Creole slave population

question

What was the rarest form of slave resistance?

answer

Organized rebellion

question

What was the largest slave uprising?

answer

Stono Rebellion

question

In 1750, indentured servitude was most common in ______.

answer

the Chesapeake region

question

Chesapeake planters often relied upon _______ as another source of unfree laborers.

answer

English convicts

question

Which group used the redemptioner system most often?

answer

The Germans

question

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, nearly _______ Scot-Irish people emigrated to the American colonies.

answer

250,000

question

Merchants often paid fisherman in New England on a ________.

answer

credit system

question

In 1770, the second-largest ethnic group in the British mainland colonies was ________.

answer

African

question

Approximately _________ of the victims of modern-day slavery are female.

answer

one-half

question

By 1750, which group dominated much of North America?

answer

Native Americans

question

Disputes between European and Indians frequently arose from misunderstandings about _________.

answer

the definition of land ownership and property rights

question

Settlers from which European country frequently imposed a mandatory draft of Indian labor for public projects?

answer

Spain

question

Indians often demanded which of the following before they would trade with European settlers?

answer

Military aid

question

The French generally utilized what to control Indian laborers?

answer

Economic pressure

question

Which group suffered the greatest losses in the Beaver Wars of the 1680's?

answer

Iroquois

question

Which of the following countries successfully used missionaries to increase their influence in the New World?

answer

France

question

Slavery was first abolished in _________.

answer

northern Europe

question

Labor costs in America were ________.

answer

higher than in Europe

question

In North America, slaves often _________.

answer

sought to forge community ties and preserve elements of their African heritage

question

The last country in the New World to abolish slavery was ________.

answer

Brazil

question

Family ties for slaves made life more tolerable, but hindered ________.

answer

escape plans

question

Why were African slaves preferred over Indian slaves in English colonies?

answer

Indian slaves could more readily escape

question

Who could typically be found in a "maroon settlement"?

answer

Runaway African slaves

question

Which of the following was a southern response to African slave rebellion?

answer

Encouragement of more white immigration

question

Northern farmers primarily relied upon _______ for labor.

answer

their children

question

Emigrants flowed to places where ________.

answer

land was cheap and labor most in demand

question

Which of the following used family farms as the predominant labor system?

answer

Rhode Island

question

Which of the following systems required payment after passage to the New World?

answer

Redemptioner

question

Colonists who owned undeveloped land often became ________ to generate income.

answer

landlords

question

Which of the following groups emigrated to the Americas after their religion was outlawed in their homeland?

answer

French Huguenots

question

Why did few people immigrate to New England in the late eighteenth century?

answer

Early settlers had already taken the best land

question

Which of the following cause increased hostilities between Indian tribes in North America?

answer

Competition for European trade relationships

question

The following contributed to the sharp rise in the number of African slaves transported to North America?

answer

An abundance of cheap land

question

The following best describes most colonial laborers.

answer

Oppressed

question

England's economic system between 1651 and 1733 could best be described as _________.

answer

mercantilist

question

Th Navigation Act of 151 required that all __________.

answer

trade carried out in the English empire had to be conducted in English ships

question

Which of the following was an enumerated product?

answer

Indigo

question

In the eighteenth century, nearly _________ percent of the colonial tobacco was reexported to continental Europe.

answer

90 %

question

Merchants brought sugar byproducts back to New England to be distilled into ______.

answer

rum

question

Once an apprentice completed his training, he became a ________.

answer

journeyman

question

Courtesy books _________.

answer

contained the rules of polite behavior

question

The man who made the greatest scientific contributions was __________.

answer

Benjamin Franklin

question

Most Congregationalist ministers were trained at ________.

answer

Harvard University

question

The Halfway Covenant allowed whom to be baptized?

answer

The children of those who had been baptized but had not experienced conversion

question

A 1691 royal charter granted "liberty of conscience" to _________.

answer

all Protestants

question

George Whitefield belonged to the clergy of which religion?

answer

The Anglican religion

question

Those converted in religious revivals were called _______.

answer

New Lights

question

What was the name of the body formed in 1675 to oversee colonial affairs?

answer

Lords of Trade

question

Maine was originally part of which colony?

answer

Connecticut

question

William of Orange took over the throne of England after the _______.

answer

Glorious Revolution

question

Who did King James put into power to govern the Dominion of New England?

answer

Edmund Andros

question

The Bill of Rights passed by the British Parliament in 1689 declared that ________.

answer

future monarchs were to be bound by the rule of law

question

Governors exercised _______ power over colonial assemblies than the King did over Parliament.

answer

more

question

During the first half of the eighteenth century, England's holdings in America ________.

answer

grew

question

In the early eighteenth century, which group controlled California and Texas?

answer

Spanish

question

The chapel San Antonio de Valero late came to be known as _______.

answer

The Alamo

question

In the Grand Settlement of 1701, the Iroquois pledged neutrality with respect to England and ________.

answer

France

question

King George's War was known as Europe as ________.

answer

the War of the Austrian Succession

question

Which British Secretary of State directed the country's war effort from 1757 to 1761?

answer

Pitt

question

In the 1700's , the most advanced economic power in Europe was ________.

answer

England

question

During the eighteenth century, the gap between the rich and poor in the colonies ________.

answer

widened

question

Most manufactured good consumed by colonists were produced in ________.

answer

England

question

Indians in the colonies were _______ purchasers of imported English goods.

answer

discerning

question

________ required products from Europe and Asia to be landed in England before being shipped to the colonies.

answer

The Navigation Act

question

________ were instituted to address poverty among white colonists.

answer

Workhouses

question

________ was a sign of wealth and gentility in the colonies during the eighteenth century.

answer

Tea Parties

question

Literacy rates among eighteenth-century colonists were ________.

answer

high relative to the rest of the world

question

Thinkers during the Age of Enlightenment stressed _________.

answer

the power of human reason

question

Colonists who could read were most likely to read ________.

answer

the Bible

question

When James II fled England for France, many citizens felt relieved that _________.

answer

the country would not continue in a Catholic line of succession

question

Americans rejected English political customs by opting for _______ representation.

answer

actual

question

The following country relied on Native American allies to secure their claims to North American territory?

answer

France

question

The influence and power of the _______ empire declined substantially during the eighteenth century.

answer

Spanish

question

Between 1730 and 1770, the region known as the _______ was settled primarily by German, Scot-Irish, and English settlers.

answer

backcountry

question

Why did the Spanish move into Texas and California?

answer

To create a buffer zone around their existing colonies.

question

How was the French attitude toward Native Americans different than the American attitude when it came to expansion?

answer

The French sought to form Indian alliances

question

As English wartime debt increased, _________.

answer

taxes increased

question

A funded debt is a debt _______.

answer

whose interest only is paid

question

Which of the following was a benefit off Iroquois neutrality for Europeans?

answer

Land sales

question

What was the immediate cause of King George's War?

answer

British attempts to poach Spanish trade in the Caribbean

question

How did the British respond to Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne?

answer

They installed a new commander and sent more troops

question

________ motivated British imperial trade regulations.

answer

The goal of achieving a favorable balance of trade across the Empire

question

_______ had the greatest impact on the worldview of most eighteenth century colonists.

answer

Religion

question

The following best describes American society during the eighteenth century.

answer

American society closely resembled British society, but had critical differences

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