question

Definition of health care

answer

health is defined by WHO, the authority of UN health decrees that says health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being not just the absence of a disease. A country's healthcare system is set up to provide diagnosis and treatment when this health is compromised.

question

AOA

answer

DO's do a whole person approach instead of treating a specific symptom so that patients develop attitudes and lifestyles that prevent sickness not just fight it

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Physical environment

answer

environment impacts health, the physical environment includes exposure to chemicals like formaldehyde and radon that can cause cancer, hazardous work places, pollution

question

Social Environment

answer

involve factors like poverty. People who are isolated and poor are more at risk of heart disease, diabetes, asthma, cancer and aids.

question

Leading causes of death in the US

answer

malignantneoplasms cerebrovascular disease respiratory disease alzheimers diabetes accidents flu kidney failure septicemia

question

Primary Health care

answer

shit that eliminates risk factors for a disease includes things like condoms, seatbelts and UV protection (protection)

question

Secondary Healthcare

answer

Focus on early detection of shit so treatments are more effective (Detection)

question

Tertiary healthcare

answer

part of treatment that reduces later complications (rehab)

question

The type of focus of healthcare

answer

Right now focus is on secondary and tertiary healthcare, but that will change we shift to prevention. Affordable healthcare act advocates this by removing co-pays for preventative services, giving benefits to employers for wellness programs and requires chain restaurants to print calories

question

Components of healthcare system

answer

Where is the healthcare provided (ex hospita) Workforce who provides it (ex doctor) Providers of equipment (ex pharmaceutical tech) Educators of healthcare (ex lecom) Financing mechanisms (ex medicaid)

question

Principal players in US healthcare

answer

Government agencies (CDC, US dept of health) Private nonprofits (Hospitals/LECOM) Private Profits (pharmaceutical companies)

question

System Management

answer

Each part of the healthcare system has to be looked over so management elements include administration, planning, regulation and evaluation

question

Judging health care systems

answer

done based on the quality of care provided, how efficiently that care is provided and equity achieved.

question

The People of the US healthcare system

answer

the system employs 15 million people in a variety of jobs that include primary secondary and tertiary care

question

Primary Care

answer

what most people need because it includes personal treatment and prevention. includes immunizations, prenatal care and physicals for early disease prevention

question

Secondary Care

answer

available in clinics and hospitals usually includes diagnostic and surgical procedures performed by specialists

question

Tertiary care

answer

Super specialized care requiring shit normal hospitals don't have examples include big name surgeries like transplant

question

Types of Facilites

answer

discussing where healthcare is administered, either the facility is an inpatient or outpatient facility most inpatients are seen in acute care community hospitals (nonfed short term)

question

Categorization of Hospitals

answer

categorized by who controls them, size, function and average length of stay. This puts them into 1 of 4 categories, a general hospital, special hospital, rehab or psychiatric

question

4 types of ownership

answer

government/nonfed (state and local) government federal private nonprofit private profit

question

Community Hospital

answer

nonfederal and open to the public for short term stay, can be either general or special. Short term stay is less than 30 days

question

Average length of stay calculation

answer

number of days stayed divided by number of admissions

question

Average daily census

answer

average number of people served as inpatients today. average number of inpatient days/ number of days in reporting period (like month is 30 days)

question

US Hospitals

answer

make up 31% of US healthcare spending and are kept in check by the AHA that publishes the AHA guide and hospital statistics providing information about every hospital, more info comes from NCHS and US census bureau

question

Shrinking Beds

answer

trend since 1990 shows increase number of hospitalization with shorter stays, and shrinking bed counts. Reduction of beds could be due to costs to keep on more staff, bigger hospitals needing more money for fancy tech

question

Hospital Structure

answer

Administration takes caare of money, PR fundraising Medical consists of divisions by speciality, or organs Committees oversee doctors clinical works, executive committee communicates with everyone else through judicial committee.

question

New Hospital trends

answer

to attract more patients hospitals are incorporating alternative medicine (acupuncture) and making luxury suites.

question

Private for profit institutions include

answer

pharmaceutical industry commercial healthcare nursing homes for profit hospitals

question

Structure of a nonprofit hospital

answer

Board of trustees who provide money or represent an important community institution, the leader of the board can also be the CEO but the top dog is the executive director

question

Structure of a for profit hospital

answer

usually same set up of directors as the nonprofit, but depends on the type of business entity

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Long Term Care

answer

includes mad variety of supportive, rehab and nursing services provided to everyone who's daily activities are restricted cause of a disability or chronic illness

question

nursing facilities

answer

the term used for nursing homes who since 1990 became eligible for federal 3rd party reimbursement for their services

question

Nursing Home enrollment

answer

number of citizens per 1,000 65 or older people has been declining since the 70s as the figure in 1999 was 43/1,000 but demand may increase as teh baby boomers (those born in the 60s) get older cause the occupancy rate in 2009 was 82%

question

Ownership of nursing homes

answer

66% are for profit, 26% are nonprofit and 8% are government owned

question

Money for nursing homes

answer

comes mostly from public funds cause in 2004 medicaid dished out 44% of their spending for low income and 28% to the elderly, 42% for the disabled but the elderly/disabled make up only 11%/14% of the people enrolled in medicaid

question

Nursing home care issue

answer

it's expensive and not many people get aid so possible solutions include better home services, health promotion, disease prevention and self care programs for the old folk

question

outpatient care: Ambulatory care

answer

given to a person who isn't hospitalized, it covers all healthcare services except community health and services for the bedridden so we can say most doctor patient contact is ambulatory care

question

Ambulatory care stats

answer

2008 a million people (which is higher than the number in 2000) got ambulatory care in a doctors office, hospital outpatient department, or the ER. 80% of ambulatory care is in a doctors office though

question

Categories of private ambulatory care

answer

Private solo doctors/partnership/group that's paid on fee for service basis or capitance (per patient) Salaried physicians

question

HMO

answer

Health maintenance organization that can be anything from profit to nonprofit that's responsible for providing and delivery services to people enrolled for a pre-negotiated fixed price. They insure people against the costs of medical services and also supply those services.

question

Ambulatory care visits stats

answer

American averages 4 visits per person, with women making up 58% of those visits. This number increases for women over 45, while men under 45 are seen typically for injuries. Rate of ambulatory care is increasing

question

Top dogs of ambulatory care visits

answer

General or family practice 24% IM 17% peds 13% OB-GYN 7% the source of payments for a person going to any of these guys is usually private insurance

question

ER

answer

outpatient ambulatory care department of the hospital functions to provide care to critical patients and to people who have no insurance/nowhere else to go, also acts as a source of admissions for the hospital

question

Types of people who come to ER

answer

nonurgent- minor condition urgent - requires attention but not sever with time emergent- requires immediate attention, time dependent

question

ED visits stats

answer

41% of people seen in the ER are just uninsured and have nowhere else to go. The hospital doesn't get paid for these people and the Affordable Care Act is trying to fix this by giving insurance to those that are uninsured to help out the healthcare facilities to make sure they get emergency patients

question

PUblic health department

answer

local govts sometimes provide ambulatory health services in public hospitals through a local health department (theres 20,000) serving functions that primary physicians don't want to focus on

question

Public Health Agency clinics

answer

local health departments have small clinics devoted to preventing a specific disease, like the Bing chest center for TB and centers for STDs

question

People who provide healthcare: Stats

answer

show a huge variety, in 2000 12 million people worked in healthcare thats 9% of all US employed. while in 2009 the numbers increased to 15 million, 11% of those employed Of these, 25% work in offices while 40% work in hospitals this number is decreasing as the number of hospitals decreases

question

US doctors shortage

answer

Doctor: Population ratio in 2008 was 27/10,000 and is expected to rise to a 50,000 shortage in 2020. To address this, more med schools have opened up and we have seen a huge increase specifically in DO medical student enrollment

question

Continuity of care

answer

as opposed to doctors in other countries, doctors in the US see patients in their offices and in the hospital to provide continuity of care although some can specialize and become hospitalists that just stay in the hospital

question

primary care doctor

answer

provide integrated care that most people and develop a relationship with their patients. Coordination of care is implemented by referral to a specialist, but the outcome is incorporated into patients ongoing care gatekeepers of managed care organization that wants to minimize healthcare costs by pushing prevention and really urge minimal referals

question

Types of nurses

answer

Nurse practitioner is practically a doctor almost RN passes the boards and has degrees LPN does a 12 month program after HS Nurse's aid- no HS diploma required

question

PA's

answer

established in 1960s and were doing 80% of what a doctor does by 1990, so very capable but work under doctors supervision

question

Involvement of US government

answer

US is the least involved government when it comes to healthcare in developed nations, all it does is provide services to people who can't get them on their own (the sick poor, mental and Native americans on reservations)

question

Powers of the Government

answer

american federal government can't do anything, it's limited a lot by the US constitution but states have police power that lets them provide health and safety to their people, states will often dish out this power to local governments to set up things like county programs for mental health. All the fed government can do is tax/spend for wellfare and control commerce

question

Federal government

answer

3 branches for checks and balances, the legislative branch (congress) enacts laws regarding healthcare which are them implemented by the a division of the executive branch. The judicial branch serves to make sure those legislations are constitutional and punishes violations

question

Federal Agencies

answer

The executive branch consists of lots of federal agencies set up to monitor and execute different things regarding health

question

Federal Agencies: DHHS

answer

goal is to promote health and well being of all americans but most importantly those that are helpless (disabled, poor etc). Help is usually direct but also through funds via NIH which notably operates the CDC

question

Federal agencies : department of agricutulre and labor administration

answer

1) manages nutrition policy, meat inspeection and food stamps 2) administers occupational safety and health act

question

Federal agencies: FDA

answer

Protects against bad food and drugs with a focus on efficacy and safety, now includes radiological monitoring to minimize public exposure to radiation

question

Federal agencies: CDC

answer

controls and prevents diseases, monitors labs, directs quarantine operations and programs for health education

question

Federal agencies: IHS

answer

takes care of indians on or near reservations

question

Federal agencies: VA

answer

8 million people in 2011 were enrolled in this program that provides healthcare in a system of 152 hospitals to Veterans, or people who served 90 or more days in the military and were given an honorable dischanrge

question

Federal agencies: DOD

answer

addresses healthcare needs of the military among whom each branch has their own network of health facilities, providers within the DOD are also in the army and paid according to their rank

question

TRICARE

answer

military health insurance

question

Therapeutics

answer

Therapeutics providers are also part of the healthcare system and include companies and equipment like hospital furniture glasses prosthetics and x-rays. in 2008 retail outlet prescription drugs cost the US $300 billion accounting for 12% of total national health costs

question

US healthcare dollars

answer

also known as National Health Expenditure (NHE), it's tracked and includes health consumption costs, investments in healthcare equipment and research.

question

GDP

answer

Monetary value of stuff produced in a country and includes basically everything, in 2009 20% of all US spending was on healthcare and that's 17% of total GDP

question

Health expenditure

answer

Based on the GDP, US rate of health spending was 46% higher than the next runner up Netherlands, and 50% higher than Germany this shows US ain't in line with other countries.

question

Increase of the NHE

answer

increasing but at a slower rate, the increase is due to the fact that we're more reliant on expensive technology

question

Payment for health services

answer

us HEALTH expenditures are paid out of pocket, by private insurance, public insurance, charity and forgiven debt. 2/3 is p aid by hte insurance guys mostly public

question

Who pays out of pocket?

answer

patients do! They include copays and deductibles which is a set amount you have to pay before the insurance company will start paying

question

Payment by a 3rd party

answer

a third party is anyone who pays for a service thats not the patient or their family, so includes all types of insurance and employers

question

Private health insurance

answer

a type of 3rd party payer usually obtained through employer but more employees are being required to pay for this coverage so could account for the fact that 73% of people were insured in 1990and by 2011 only 64% are insured

question

Health Insurance Blue cross blue shiedld

answer

One of the biggest nonprofit insurance companies since 1929, some of its branches have turned into for profit alongside Metroplitan Life and these guys have to pay their shareholders

question

Managed Care Organization

answer

traditionally patient contracted with provider of care and a third party payed but now patient contracts with an MCO who is paid for the care by the employer and MCO decides what care is received.

question

4 parts to medicare

answer

A) hospital insurance b) supplementary medical insurance (doctor visits) c) lets you in MCO d) new, started in 2006b to cover drugs

question

Management

answer

process, comprised of social and technical functions and activities, occurring within organizations for the purpose of accomplishing objectives

question

Conceptual Skills

answer

ability to critically analyze and solve complex problems

question

Technical Skills

answer

reflect expertise or ability to perform a specific work task

question

Interpersonal/Human Relation Skills

answer

enable a manager to communicate with and work well with other individuals

question

Hierarchy of Management

answer

authority, or power, is delegated downward in the organization

question

Functional Organizational Structure

answer

most common organizational structure; pyramid shaped; used in larger organizations; deep vertical structures; strict chain of command which ensure that communication and assignment and evaluation of tasks are carried out; used most frequently in HSO's

question

Matrix Management Method

answer

Admin structure; dual authority system where individuals are assigned to complete specific work tasks; advantages are improved coordination and communication, also increases flexibility of org to carry out work

question

Product/Service Line Management

answer

organize around selected services to control service delivery; Adv. = resource control, accountability, enhanced clinical quality of service

question

Environment for HSOs

answer

entities and influences outside of the organizations boundaries

question

Open Systems

answer

Organizations that are affected by, and that affect, their environment

question

Exchange Relationships

answer

Transaction between 2 or more organizations where something of value is exchanged and both gain value

question

Environment as a Influence

answer

factor, trend, or issue that affects the focal organization; Examples - regulatory, community, financial, competition, sociocultural barriers, technology, etc.

question

Environment as a Resource

answer

Organizations are dependent on this and are critical for their success; example would be a supplier

question

Input/Output Management Model

answer

management acquires inputs, uses inputs to provide services, and creates outputs

question

Managers

answer

Persons appointed to positions of authority who enable others to do their work effectively, who have responsibility for resource utilization, and who are accountable for work results

question

Line Managers

answer

those that supervise other employees

question

Staff Managers

answer

those that carry out work and advise their bosses

question

6 management functions

answer

Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Controlling, Decision-Making, and Directing

question

Planning

answer

Determining what to do and how to do it

question

Organizing

answer

Establishing authority and responsibility management

question

Staffing

answer

acquiring and retaining human resources

question

Directing

answer

Initiating action in the organization by leading, motivating, and communicating

question

Controlling

answer

Monitoring, adjusting, and improving aggregate performance

question

Decision-Making

answer

Evaluating alternatives and making choices

question

Complexity of Work

answer

Managers have a variety of roles, skills, and responsibilities such as day to day tasks like; core tasks, routine add-ons, and specialty add-ons

question

Domains of Management

answer

Self, Team/Work Unit, Organization

question

Values

answer

qualities desirable as ends in and of themselves, things that are important to us, and things we stand for/believe in

question

Missions

answer

who we are, and what we are about; what we set out to do...our purpose

question

Visioning

answer

determining a desired future state

question

Goals

answer

states of being that we set for ourselves; an "aim" or an "end" that we see as desirable

question

Categorizing Missions

answer

Ownership (for profit, non-profit, governmental), Service Area, teaching facility, payments, specialized vs general

question

Organizational Culture

answer

Ingrained patterns of shared beliefs, values and behaviors, with associated symbols and rituals, that are acquired overtime by members

question

Relationship between values, missions, and goals

answer

Values are the foundation for the HSO

question

Direct Care

answer

Deals directly with the patients such as a hospital, nursing home, physician practice, and assisted living facilities

question

Non-Direct Care settings

answer

support the care of individuals through products and services made available to direct care settings. Examples are consulting firms, associations, pharmaceutical companies, and medical suppliers

question

The main difference between direct care and non direct care setting is:

answer

Provision of care

question

Employment of medical and health services managers is expected to change by what percent between 2008 and 2018?

answer

Plus 16 percent

question

External domains of healthcare management include all of the following except

answer

Patient Satisfaction

question

Internal domains of healthcare management include all of the following except:

answer

Medicare/Medicaid

question

This function requires the manager to set a direction and determine what needs to be accomplished

answer

Planning

question

This function refers to the overall design of the specific division for which the manager is responsible

answer

Organizing

question

This function referes to acquiring and retaining human resources

answer

Staffing

question

This function refers to monitoring staff activities and performance

answer

Controlling

question

The focus in this function is on initiating action in the organization through effective leadership

answer

Directing

question

This competency involves the ability to critically analyze and solve complex problems

answer

Conceptual

question

This competency reflects expertise of ability to perform a specific work task

answer

Technical

question

This competency enables a manager to communicate with and work well with other individuals

answer

Interpersonal

question

Larger organizations are more likely to have all of the following except

answer

Informal chain of command

question

Talent Management refers to which of the following

answer

ALL OF THE ABOVE (Recruitment, Retention and Training)

question

Studier views the organization as needing to be results oriented, with which of the following pillars of excellence?

answer

ALL OF THE ABOVE (People, service and finance)

question

Griffith says "championship processes" need performance measures in each of the following except

answer

Directing

question

Dashboards are:

answer

A way to measure organizational performance

question

Succession Planning is

answer

Planning to replace managers who retire or move up

question

Healthcare policy is

answer

Every healthcare managers job

question

Self management means

answer

ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

Team management means

answer

All of the above

question

Organization management means

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following competencies is more leadership oriented that management oriented?

answer

Determining strategies for the future

question

Which of the following is not a contemporary leadership model?

answer

Great Man

question

Which leadership domain would the competencies honesty and integrity be placed?

answer

Self Development and Self Understanding

question

Which is a new trend for healthcare governance

answer

Evaluations used to identify issues and correct

question

Which is a guideline for healthcare leaders when being responsible to their employees as per the ACHE Code of Ethics

answer

Ensure a safe work enviornment

question

Which statement is true about Followership?

answer

An effective leader must be able to inspire and get commitment from all people or It should be recognized as a necessary component for an effective leader

question

Which statement is NOT true about the "Great Man" theory?

answer

Behavior is an important component in determining what make a good leader

question

Which theory places its attention on the leaders style and the work situation but also recognize the importance of setting goals for employees?

answer

Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

question

Find a leadership theory that correctly matches the stated leadership focus

answer

Leader- Member Exchange Theory of leadership: Interactions between leader and subordinate

question

Which one of the EI (Emotional Intelligence) dimensions has the definition of "Social awareness skill, putting yourself in anthers shoes"?

answer

Empathy

question

Which model of leadership supports the concept known as "tough empathy"?

answer

Inspirational Leadership

question

From the Leadership styles for Healthcare personnel, which one focus on personal development and recommended for the top personnel?

answer

Coaching style

question

Choose an inappropriate key leadership protocols

answer

Perfectionism

question

Which is a barrier of key healthcare leadership?

answer

New Technology

question

Which is a challenge of key healthcare leadership?

answer

Physicians

question

What is (are) the focus area(s) for healthcare leadership ethics?

answer

A and B (Bioethics and Managerial ethics)

question

Find an incorrect statement about leadership in today's healthcare industry

answer

Many clinicians have the management training which would help them in their new roles

question

Which is a leader development rather than a leadership development

answer

The leader in collaboration with the superior

question

The healthcare leader who is concerned about the future, as well as today's business must

answer

Continuously reassess how he/she fits in the organization

question

Which is an incorrect statement about the future of the healthcare field?

answer

The recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care for America Act will provide full health care reform

question

Extrinsic rewards come from within the individual employee

answer

False

question

Healthcare managers have power over employees and can force them to acti in certain ways

answer

False

question

Everyone is motivated

answer

True

question

Satisfaction progression refers to the interplay up and down Maslow's continuum of needs

answer

False

question

Herzberg's theory of hygienes and motivators is not easily understood by managers

answer

False

question

Avoidance learning is often referred to as positive reinforcement

answer

False

question

Reinforcement theory is an appropriate way of characterizing how employees behave in organizations

answer

False

question

Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z are all forms of motivation theories developed from a management perspective

answer

True

question

Theory Y is derived from Japanese approaches to management

answer

False

question

Intrinsic rewards are tangible

answer

False

question

Intrinsic rewards are what motivate people

answer

False

question

All employees are motivated by money

answer

False

question

Motivation is not manipulation

answer

True

question

People are born to motivate

answer

False

question

Disengaged healthcare workers have an impact of an organizations bottom line

answer

True

question

The future US workhorse will mirror the population and become younger, as well as more tonically and racially diverse

answer

False

question

Understanding what motivates employees in different generations is becoming increasingly important for healthcare managers

answer

True

question

Engaged employees are not as loyal beaches they are more interested in the best best opportunity

answer

False

question

Motivation in the workplace is a new concept that needs more research in order to consider important

answer

False

question

By 2020 a shortage of healthcare workers such as physicals, nurses, and public health professionals is expected

answer

True

question

Maslow's needs-based theory of motivation includes the following types of needs

answer

Belonging

question

Self Actualization needs focus on

answer

Higher level needs

question

Alderfer's motivation theory is based on which of the following needs

answer

All of the Above (growth, existence and relatedness

question

The Acquired Needs Theory was developed by

answer

None of the Above ( Herzerg, Taylor and Vroom)

question

Acquired needs resulting form life experiences focus on

answer

Affiliation

question

Extrinsic theories of motivation include

answer

None of the Above

question

Scientific Management involves which of the following

answer

determining the most efficient way to per form a job

question

Which of the following are considered to be types of extrinsic rewards

answer

A and B above ( Money and Benefits)

question

Which of the following is considered to be a good motivational strategy?

answer

Tailor rewards

question

managers interested in revitalizing employees focus on getting them to

answer

All of the above ( get rest and relaxation, maintain fitness and eat right)

question

Engaged health care workers demonstrate the following characteristics

answer

All of the Above ( focus on patient care, are productive, model behavior for others)

question

Between 2008-2018 total employment is expected to increase

answer

10.1 %

question

What percent of all new jobs between 2008-2018 are projected to be in professional and service providing occupations?

answer

50%

question

This generation values education, training and growth opportunities, flexibility and is considered risk averse

answer

Generation X

question

This generation is respectful of authority, values duty, sacrifice, and accountability and recognition of hard work and a strong work ethics

answer

Traditionalists

question

This generation values individuality, teamwork, and work-life balance

answer

Baby Boomers

question

This generation is image conscious, team- oriented, values instant gratification and is achievement oriented

answer

Millennials

question

"Value" for health care firms is defined as the quotient of ____________________ divided by cost

answer

Quality

question

Health care concerns shared by the U.S., China and India include concerns over ____.

answer

Lifestyle issues and behavior

question

Investor-owned facilities comprise about ____ percent of the hospital sector.

answer

15-20

question

The Human Relations School ascertains that in order to improve productivity, management must

answer

Understand the informal organization of workers

question

____ coordination captures aspects of both the programming and feedback approaches to coordination.

answer

Relational

question

____ is the exchange of information about work performance between two people who are not in a hierarchical relationship.

answer

Mutual Adjustment

question

In analyzing micro-level needs for coordination, it is helpful first to ask whether the work is ____________________.

answer

Programmable

question

Most appropriately used if there is both high interdependence and high uncertainty

answer

Lateral Relations

question

Specifies the form of intermediate outcomes of work as they are passed from one job to another

answer

standardization of output

question

In the simplest of situations, acts as an adequate coordinating device to ensure that the work of different units meshes together

answer

hierarchy of authority

question

The degree to which decisions are made at the higher levels of the organization

answer

centralization

question

Responsible for the coordination of program issues across the traditional professional specialty departments

answer

integrators and liaison roles

question

Responsible for activities and decisions that directly contribute to the provision of goods and services

answer

line managers

question

Most needed when the work is relatively uncertain

answer

feedback approaches

question

Best used when work is predictable and cause and effect relationships are well known

answer

Programming approaches

question

Coordination of activities among organizational units

answer

integration

question

The exchange of information among more than two people

answer

group coordination

question

A(n) ____ approach to leadership emphasizes the actions that the person in the leadership role takes on the job.

answer

Behavioral

question

____ leadership is defined as influencing followers by "broadening and elevating followers' goals and providing them with confidence to perform beyond the expectations specified in the implicit or explicit exchange agreement."

answer

Transformational

question

Leadership can be defined as the process in which one engages others to set and achieve a common ____________________.

answer

Goal

question

Studies have identified two types of support that those in leadership roles must provide for successful change: instrumental and ____ support.

answer

Interpersonal

question

____ can be defined as the process of accomplishing predetermined objectives through the effective use of human, financial, and technical resources.

answer

Management

question

One of the best ways to motivate physicians include ____

answer

Reminders and Feedback

question

One myth about motivation is that motivated workers ____.

answer

are more productive

question

The four central components of expectancy theory are ____.

answer

job outcomes, valences, instrumentality and expectancy

question

The causes of motivational problems often fall into three categories: 1) inadequate definition of the desired performance, 2) impediments to employee performance and 3) ____.

answer

inadequate performance-reward linkages

question

One of the key roles of the C-Suite is to interact with key ____.

answer

External stakeholders

question

The need for ____ reflects an individual's desire to associate with others in friendly circumstances.

answer

affiliation

question

____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs are composed of two different sets of needs: the need for a positive self-image or self-respect and the need for recognition and respect from others.

answer

Esteem

question

Three types of interdependence include ____.

answer

pooled, sequential, and reciprocal

question

____ involves "directed autonomy" whereby individuals or teams are given an overall direction yet considerable leeway concerning how they go about following that direction.

answer

Empowerment

question

Effective team performance is dependent upon a team's ability to form ____ with other teams in a positive and productive manner.

answer

Intergroup relationships

question

The ____ stage of team development is characterized by disagreement, counter-independence, and the need to manage conflict.

answer

Storming

question

____ leadership is the legitimate authority given to a team member.

answer

Formal

question

____ is the critical gateway between the decision to adopt the QI innovation and the routine use of the QI innovation, or integration of a new idea or practice into the operating system of the organization.

answer

Implementation

question

____ group technique and Delphi technique elicit group members' opinions prior to judgments about those opinions.

answer

Nominal

question

____ learning is when problem solvers adjust their behavior and work processes in response to changing events or trends

answer

Adaptive

question

____ reflects differences amongst the parties in understanding and carrying out duties.

answer

Task conflict

question

____ boards have an important role to play in overseeing QI efforts and patient safety initiatives because they are the organizational entity legally accountable for quality of care.

answer

Governing

question

____ can be useful in collecting information about beliefs and attitudes as long as they are anonymous and there is assurance the results will be acted on.

answer

Employee Surveys

question

Three common myths or misconceptions about innovation are that (1) innovation is good; (2) there is a formula, and (3) innovation is ____.

answer

Linear

question

____ feedback loops counteract or oppose whatever is happening in a system

answer

Balancing

question

BATNA stands for "Best ____ to a Negotiated Agreement."

answer

Alternate

question

After simplicity, the second most important quality of one's message is ____.

answer

Vividness

question

____ explains how information spreads.

answer

Contagion

question

A weakness of ____ is that it is not appropriate for exploring a particular idea or proposal in depth

answer

interview design

question

____ is a negotiation tactic which involves trading off on issues that are of different value to each party.

answer

Logrolling

question

Three major sources of power within an organization are ____.

answer

structural, cultural, and knowledge-based

question

____________________ is a negotiation tactic which involves adding issues that are not tied to money or compensation

answer

Nonspecific compensation

question

The ____ effect is the tendency to infer specific characteristics of a person or organization from our overall impressions or feelings about that person or organization

answer

halo

question

____ learning is when problem solvers adjust their behavior and work processes in response to changing events or trends.

answer

Adaptive

question

Incorporates a culture and processes to "radically reduce system failures and effectively respond when failures occur"

answer

High-Reliability Organizations

question

Reimbursement for healthcare services that is designed to link payment incentives to quality and performance outcomes

answer

Pay-For-Performance

question

Describes efforts to radically review and re-organize existing, or adopt new and innovative, work processes designed to improve customer value, organizational efficiency, and market competitiveness

answer

Business Process Re-engineering

question

Developed a model of care that is a "patient-centered, holistic approach to healthcare, promoting mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and physical healing"

answer

Planetree

question

Based on aspects of an organization or an individual's actions that could impact overall quality or organizational performance

answer

structural measures of quality

question

Designed to decrease medical errors and enhance patient safety

answer

quality improvement interventions

question

Metrics based on the results of work performed

answer

outcome measures of quality

question

Initiative through the Center for Health Design, which is working with partners to develop facilities that incorporate "evidence-based design" features demonstrated to reduce errors, improve quality and efficiency, and improve work experience

answer

Pebble Project

question

Indicators of the activities involved in carrying out work in an organization

answer

process measures of quality

question

A participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing QI in quality

answer

Total Quality Management

question

____ power is when customers seek to drive down price and improve quality.

answer

buyer

question

____ is the development of a broad formula prescribing a way in which a business competes and collaborates, sets goals, and establishes policies to carry out those goals in order to achieve the organizational mission.

answer

Strategy

question

One school of modern strategic management encompasses an emphasis on ____.

answer

industry structure and competitive forces

question

The five forces model suggests that firms should target the industry with the highest potential for above-average returns and then implement either a cost-leadership strategy or a differentiation strategy.

answer

True

question

The overarching goal of assisting physicians and hospitals in adopting electronic health records (EHR) that meet industry standards is to have the technology used as a tool to accomplish health outcome policy priorities such as ____.

answer

Improving care coordination

question

Approximately ____ of hospitals are estimated to have fully operational electronic health record (EHR) systems.

answer

8-15%

question

A report on health information technology use among U.S. men and women aged 18-64 by Cohen & Stussman (2010) noted that ____ of adults in the U.S. used the Internet to search for health or medical information.

answer

61%

question

The 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System, stated that between ____ deaths could be attributed to preventable medical errors.

answer

44,000-98,000

question

One form of medicine that caters to the diagnosis and treatment of non-life threatening conditions are ____________________ health care clinics often referred to as minor emergency clinics, doc-in-a box, urgent care clinics, or convenient care clinics.

answer

Retail

question

Bachman identified six "mega-trends" that impact the demand-control model. These include ____, self-help/self-care, individual ownership, portability, transparency (right to know), and consumerism (empowerment).

answer

Personal Responsibility

question

An example of a supporting plan that is driven by the strategic plan is..

answer

All of the Above

question

How can intelligence on competitors' strategies best be gathered.

answer

Both A&B

question

How do the Mission, Vision and Value statements tie to the strategic plan?

answer

They are reaffirmed during the planning process to ensure they are aligned with future strategic directions.

question

What are the components of Strategy Execution?

answer

All of the Above

question

What is the department manager's role in strategic planning?

answer

All of the Above

question

What is the main purpose of strategic planning?

answer

To identify how market forces may affect the organization.

question

What is the purpose of an organizational dashboard?

answer

To facilitate management discussion regarding execution of strategies.

question

What is the purpose of tactical plans?

answer

Identify the who, what, where, when and how of implementation.

question

What is the purpose of the planning assumptions in development of the organizational volume forecast?

answer

C & D

question

Which aspect(s) of the SWOT analysis aim to identify external market forces?

answer

Market Assessment.

question

Which of the following is necessary for successful strategy execution?

answer

A & C

question

Which of the following is not a critical success factor for effective strategic planning?

answer

Business plans for individual service lines.

question

Which of the following is not part of the market assessment model?

answer

Power of Hospitals

question

Which of the following should be a major consideration in collecting leadership input to development of the strategic plan?

answer

Input will necessarily be value laden.

question

Which of the following stakeholder groups should not be included in strategic planning?

answer

All of the above should be included as appropriate

question

Which of the following statements about the inclusion of key financial indicators in the planning process is true?

answer

Pricing and/or rate setting arrangements should be included.

question

Which of the following statements is/are true?

answer

Resource availability should be considered when selecting strategies.

question

Why is execution of the strategy so important?

answer

The strategic plan is useless unless it is executed appropriately

question

Why is it important to consider Innovations in Technology in development of the strategic plan?

answer

They may represent a threat of substitute products

question

Why is it important to include past strategic performance as a part of future strategy development?

answer

Understanding why past strategies succeeded or failed can help with future strategy success.

question

Leaders are ____ focused while managers are ____ focused

answer

external internal

question

Leaders

answer

communicating with outside groups, motivate employees and stakeholders, set a direction of organization, spokesperson, transforming organization. Leadership is the process of influencing people to achieve organizational goals

question

Manager

answer

following proper procedure, control resources, regulations keepings, staffing personell

question

Functional responsibilities

answer

chief nursing officer, physician directer, Reports to top person in organization

question

Great man theory

answer

certain traits determine good leaderhip. being tall, a man, strong, white

question

style approach to leadership

answer

rather than looking at only the characteristics of the leader, researches started to recognize the imprtance of two types of behaviors in successful leadership. a succesful leaderr would fullly attentive to both types of leadership

question

two beaviorals in leadership-

answer

completing tasks and creating good relationships-

question

situtational approach to leadership

answer

set of theories focused on the leader changing his or her behavior in certain situations in order to meet the needs of subordinates. it implies a very fluid leadership process whereby one can adapt ones actions to an employee needs at any given time

question

Contingecy theory of leadership

answer

the focus was on both the leaders stle as well as the situation inwhich the leader worked, thus building upon the the situtaitional and great man approach

question

path goal theory of leadership

answer

placed its attenstion on the leaders style and work sitiuation but also recognized the importance of setting goals for the employees.

question

leadership memeber exhange theory

answer

evolved over the concern that leadership was being defined by the leader, the followe, and the context. focused on inerations that occur between the leaders and the followers. leaders would be more effective with better relationships with their subordinates

question

transformational leader

answer

could significantly change an organization an organization through its pepole by raising their consciouesness, empowering them, and then providing the nurtuting needed as they produced the results desired

question

self actualized leadership theory

answer

introspective and concern for meaningfulness

question

Emotional intellifence

answer

there are certian skills that a person needs to have to be well adjusted in todays world.

question

types of emotional intelligence

answer

self awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy, social skills

question

authentic leader

answer

the central focus that people will want to naturally asociate with someone who is following their internal compasss of true purpose

question

Inspirational leadership

answer

focus is on leaders who inspire by giving people what they need

question

health care leaders are called to be role models for ________ _______ and be able to

answer

cultural competency, aatract mentor and coach those of different as well as similar backgrounds

question

Servant leadership

answer

applies this concept ot top adminstratios ability toleade, acknowledgeing that a health care leader is largely mtoiviate dby a desure to serve others.

question

spiritual focus

answer

does not imply a certain set of religoues beliefs but emphasizes ethics, values, relationships skills, and the promotion of balance between work and self. Defining our uniqueness

question

Coercive leadership

answer

used inappropitately to get a desired/demanded response from a follower.

question

What are 3 other leadership styles that could be used for effectively in a hc setting over longer periods of time

answer

participative, pacesetting, and coaching

question

particpative

answer

Asking managers for their input and giving them a coice in making decisions will let them know they are respected and valued.

question

pacesetting style

answer

a leader sets high performance standards for his or her followers ICU nursers

question

coaching style

answer

recommended for the very top personnel in an organization- the leader focuses on the pesonal development of his or her followers rather than the work tasks.

question

competencies

answer

skills, knowledge, and abilities

question

functional and technical domain

answer

not sudddicient

question

4 domains provide competencies that are behavioral and relate both to the individual and to other pepople

answer

self developmemt and self understanding, interpersonal, functional and technical, organizational

question

professionalism

answer

can be manifested not only in the way people act but also in their mannerisms and their dress.

question

trust and respect

answer

two way exchage if a leader is to get followers to respong

question

Visability thoughout the organization?

answer

having a presence can assure workers that the top people are "at the healm" and give a sense of stability and confidence in the business

question

rounding

answer

making sure that the staff know they are cared about, know what is going on, and know that proper follow up actions are taking place

question

open comminciators

answer

holding back information that could have been shared with followers will cause ill feelings and a concern that other important matters are not being diclosed

question

calculated risks

answer

being catious but not overly so or they might lose an opportunity for the organization

question

Not perfect

answer

there will be erros in what is said or done

question

goverance

answer

group of peole who collectively assume the responsibility for strategic function

question

sabanes-oxley

answer

federal law that set new or enhanced standards for proprietary companies that are publicly traded

question

How often should a organization have a self assessment

answer

at least annually

question

Key HealthCare leaderships barriers and challenges

answer

1. Laws and reulations-barrier 2. physicians-challenge 3. new tech-barrier 4. culture of saftety-challenege 5. resouce limitation-barrier 6. economy-challenge

question

Ethics

answer

principles determining behavior and conduct appropriate to a certian setting

question

biomedical ethics

answer

actions a leader needs to consider as he or she relates to a patient

question

managerial ethics

answer

involves business practices and doing things for the right reasons.

question

The American College of HealthCare executives ACHE

answer

educating professionsal memebership as to the ethical responsibilities of healthcare leaders

question

exective programs

answer

used to atteact medical personnel into a fast track curriculum to attempt to give hem essential skills they need to be successful

question

Baldrige national quality program

answer

recognizes in its most recent criteria for performance excellence the need for senior leaders to create a sunstainable envirement for their org though the coninual development of future leaders by enchancing their personel skills

question

Distinguish ______ ______ from __________ ______

answer

leader development from leadership development

question

professional associations

answer

good way to network with people in similar roles

question

succession planning

answer

do this so organization is not left at any time without a person to lead

question

Strategic planning

answer

managerial process of developing and maintaining a strategic fit between an organization (mission and goals) and its environment (opportunities)...

question

Strategic planning is a process that...

answer

Assesses present conditions Anticipates the future Makes decisions concerning organizational direction, programs/services, and resources deployment

question

SWOT analysis

answer

strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats. gather a snapchat of how the organization is currently interacting with the market in comparison to the internal capabilites and intended strategic direction of the organization and to identify market opportunities and threats that the organization may want to address in furture strategic efforts

question

SWOT inclides three distinict but intricately related components

answer

1. the market assessment 2. statement of the mission, vision, and values 3. organizaational assement

question

Market assemsent

answer

all aspect of market must be examined to determine whether they respresent opportunities or threats for the organization and to determine whether they represent opportunities or threats for the organization and to determine future implication for the organiation

question

Five force model

answer

power of the health care workforce, cosumers and payers, innovations in tech, regulatory enviorment, competitive rivalry

question

power of the health care workforce

answer

market trend response

question

power of consumer and payer

answer

ulitmate purcherser

question

by identifying specific _____ _______ healthcare organizations can better target their services and potential growth

answer

community needs

question

innovations in tech

answer

represent the threat of subsitute products

question

Picture Archive Communication Systems

answer

Reduces the need for storage space for films and readers and the staff to maintain those areas and allows for remote elctronic accessing of files, iltimately requiring a potentially smaller number of physicians necessary to interpret the images

question

centers for medicare and medicaid services CMS

answer

changments in healthcare payment formulas that are frewuently followed by payers at local levels

question

Mission- vision- values-

answer

purpose specific future state-goals define orgs ciltures

question

volume forecast

answer

identifying orgs service area- usually by zipcode

question

baseline scenario

answer

data collected fro several historical time periods and can be matched using mathematical formular to several more time periods

question

holding its market share growth

answer

formualte how wellit would fare if it were to stay in current cource

question

key finanicial indicators

answer

indicators such as operating margin, net income, gross and new revenues, bond ratings, fun raising, key fananical ratior,spayer mix, rate setting

question

Rollout of the plaon

answer

1. communicated at all levels of the org 2. supporting plans such as the financial and budgeting operating, marketing, capital, and master facilites

question

strategic healthcare marketing

answer

actvities the firm uses to satisfy costomer needs; the approaches managers purse to create, communicate, and deliver value in selcted markets and the means of capturing value in return- always focused on costomer

question

marketing

answer

the activity, set of insitutions, an dprocesse for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchnaging offerings that have value for costomers, clients, parters and society at large

question

marketing concept

answer

organization must create, communicate, and deliver costomer value to selected target makrkets more effectivel than its competitiion to achieve goals

question

costomer value

answer

difference between the benefits a consumer perceibes from the purchase of a product, service, or idea and the cost to aqcuire those benefits

question

social marketing

answer

design, implementation and control of programs calulated to inflience the acceptability of social ideas and involving consideration of product planning, pricing, communication, distribution, and marketing research

question

5 things Social Marketing is

answer

the application of ocommericial marketing priciples and technique used to influence behavioral change focused on specific target audience used in order to promote public health intended to benefit society as a whole

question

cause related marketing

answer

links a for profit compnay and its offereing to a societal issue (ie. breast cancer) wih the goal of building brand equity and increasing profits

question

5 slow progression ways to think about marketin

answer

some mangers supported it but chose not to disclose its success some were optimistic fustrated when it didnt work a hoax just gettin started

question

external uncontrollables

answer

political, economics, social and cultural, tech, regulatory, competetive

question

internal controllable

answer

4 ps- product, price, promotion and place`

question

key stakeholder

answer

customes, board of directors, suppliers, physicians

question

cross functional teams

answer

provide input and insights throughout the strategic marketing process

question

Marketing strategy's three main levels

answer

Establishing core strategy creation of the companys cpmpetitive positioning implementation of the strategy

question

Establishment of a core strategy

answer

first steo- starts with a detailed and creative assessment of both the companies capabilities (stregnth, weakness relative to competetors) and the opportunities and threats posed by the environment

question

creation of the companies competitive postioning

answer

target markets are selected

question

implemtation of the strategy

answer

market orientation org must be capable of putting strategy into place, optimal marketing mx,

question

Market

answer

a diverse group of organizations or indiviudlas who have disparate needs for products and services

question

market segmentation

answer

process of dividing the total market into groups or segments that have relative similar needs for products and services

question

concentration strategy

answer

targets a single market in order to specialize with the objective of gaining a large share of the market. Advantage- the focus creates a long term value to certain costumers disadavantage- specialization may preclude the orgs from entering othe attractice markets

question

multisegment strategy

answer

targets several semeents with dfferentitation among the selected group of costomers advantage-extends the reach to a broader share of the total market disadvantage- more organizational resurces are required to satify this

question

5 groups of variables commonly used to sekement health consumer markets

answer

demographic(age, gender, ethnicty), geographic(state, location), psychographic(values, lifestyle choices), situational(life events), behavioral(usage rates)

question

positioning aspect

answer

brings health care marketing close to tactical implementation, its positions itself

question

Business to business B2B

answer

concentrates on organizational buyers- employees, mangerial consultants, contract enterprise providers, medical devices and pharmaceuticals

question

Derived demand

answer

indicate that the demand for goods, services, and ideas in organization is derived frm cosumer demand

question

consumer behavior

answer

totality of consumers' decisions with respect to the acquisition, consumption and dispositions of goods, services, time and ideas y humans over time

question

What is the cosumer decison making process

answer

1. problem recognition, 2 internal search 3 external search 4 alternative evluation 5 purchase 6 post purchase evaluation

question

what is the marketing mis

answer

Price-value of product product-good/service promotion-markeitng activites used to communicate with target market place- offeiring devilvey route

question

marketing plan

answer

written document that serves to guide marketing initatives across the organization

question

ethics and social responsibilites

answer

marketing discipline must take into consideration the impact that makreting activities have on indicdual, group, organizational and societal outcomes

question

Strategy

answer

a method or series of maneuvers or actions to achieve result/goal

question

Quator back function

answer

keeper of data

question

Strategic planning?

answer

Strategic: What direction should our organization take, in line with our mission?

question

Operational planning

answer

Operational: What are operational policies, procedures and programs that are consistent with strategic plan and consistent with our mission?

question

Strategic planning process steps

answer

1) Values/Mission/Vision 2) Strategic Assessment -Gather and analyze information 3) Formulate goals and objectives 4) Strategy Choice -Identify specific strategies 5) Implementation -Develop operational plans, programs, activities, and marketing initiatives -Allocate resources -Adjust organizational structure 6) Control -Monitor and evaluate goal achievement -Feedback to goal/objective formulation

question

External anaylsis

answer

Environmental forces/sectors (economic, demographic, social, technological, competitors, etc. --Identify threats and opportunities (organization and product specific)

question

Internal anaysis

answer

Identify strengths and weaknesses --Identify organizational capabilities: managerial, financial, human resources, technology, service delivery and management

question

Marketing audit

answer

Internal and external marketing assessment Services/products Target markets/segmentation Differentiation Competitors Distribution Pricing Promotion

question

Marketing defined

answer

"A social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others." (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991) These exchange relationships are important to advance the organization's mission and strategic position

question

two types of leadership

answer

. Supervisor-subordinate: leadership of specific employees- manager 2. Institutional: leadership for the whole organization- executive level- CEO, COO

question

Leadership development strategies

answer

Formal- courses to take, exams you must pass, mentor younger managers/leaders, involved in coaching Informal- no formal program that includes above info. encouraging staff to do different tasks, assign different tasks, informal mentoring Internal leadership development- succession planning, having people we need in the right spot succession plannign

question

Transactional

answer

manager's focus on exchange process in supervising (carrying out the work) --something of value is exchanged in this relationship: what is nature of exchange? Provide time and effort to complete work and in exchange gets compensated/benefits/work experience for work also gets trust, connections, gets opportunity for long term job security

question

Transformational

answer

: leader looks for an existing need/potential motive in employee in order to satisfy higher order needs- more holistic approach, which is based on interest in the person as well as the work

question

High order of needs

answer

Safety Security Affiliation Esteem Self-realization

question

legitimate power

answer

formal power or authority based on position in the organization- also known as position power

question

reward power

answer

based on leader's ability to reward desirable behavior- ex. A promotion, new title, pay raise, office location, control of resources-computers, administrator assistant, travel budgets

question

Coercive power

answer

based on ability to punish/prevent someone from obtaining desired rewards

question

Expert power

answer

based on having knowledge valued by the organization. Information technology (IT), cultural knowledge, financial knowledge, strategy knowledge

question

reference power

answer

power due to engendering of admiration/loyalty (Charismatic)

question

Who has the most power in a orgaization

answer

he who control the data/info

question

autocratic authorrity

answer

Absolute authority/unilateral decisions. leader/manager makes the decision and announces it

question

benevolent

answer

Structured decision-making, but use benevolence.

question

consultive

answer

: Advisory, seeks input in supportive environment. leader/manager presents ideas to employees, invites questions and sells decision that they're making

question

democratic

answer

Team building for consensus- best way because everyone is on the same page and the decision is based on perceptive wisdom of the group. leader/manager asks the group of employees to make the decision

question

participattive authortuy

answer

leader/managers present the problem, gets suggestions from employees and makes decision based on input

question

laissez faire

answer

leader/manager part of the group and the group makes the decision with no excessive influence

question

Force that reflects the leader-

answer

the value system of the leader relative to the employees like empowerment, innovation thinking, expectations of employees, confidence, prior experience with employees

question

forces withing subordinates

answer

Skills abilities, knowledge, education, experience, need of independence

question

forces within the situation

answer

nature of issue or problem that needs to be addressed or solved- time pressure, level of importance

question

Tannebum and Schmidt

answer

Recognition that best style depends on forces internal to the leader, forces within subordinates, and forces in situation

question

readiness level

answer

readiness to perform a task/function -Ability: knowledge and skills to do a task -Willingness: confidence, commitment and motivation to complete a task

question

situational leadership

answer

Leadership can and should change as a function of subordinate's "readiness" level

question

situational leadership model

answer

Style 1-telling/unwilling and unable style 2-selling- unable but willing style 3-participating- able but unwilling style 4- delagating- able and willing

question

Examples of interorganizational realtionships

answer

1.hospital/nursing homes/health care organizations that outsources its food services 2. Hospital system- when a system acquires a free standing hospital 3.retirement community that contracts/outsources for its wellness or PT services. 4.managed care network(anthem)- offer insurance coverage/benefits so providers need to accept a participating relationship (participating providers)

question

basis for linkages

answer

Access to information and expertise, compeition,resouces

question

collabrative relationships

answer

work toward settlement that satisfies each party and maximizes joint outcomes. Usually this one.

question

comeptitve realtionships

answer

the objective is to beat the other so therefore it is impossible for both parties to attain their goals. Ex. RMH and MERC (pharmaceutical company) if it's a single drug that MERC makes and other facilities are depended on it, it creates a competitive situation because MERC can charge anything they want

question

Coelscing

answer

partial pooling of resources by two or more organizations to pursue defined goals. Organization only putting some of their resources in to get goals

question

Voluntary relationship

answer

HSO has choice

question

Alliance/network

answer

loosely coupled relationship between two or more organizations to achieve purposes of substantial importance to members. group purchasing

question

3 types of ownerships

answer

Merger: one HSO is absorbed by another; the merger retains the primary HSO name/identity Consolidation: two HSOs combine and are unified as a new legal entity Owned system: an HSO is acquired by a single system

question

3 categories of schema

answer

1. market transaction-relationship on exhange 2.voluntary relationships 3.ownership

question

vertical integration

answer

combination, under single ownership of two or more stages of production or distribution, or both that are usually separate Usually referred to as "Continuum of care" Basis: enhanced competitive position by controlling the patient in a good way.

question

advantages of Vertical integration

answer

Reduced transaction costs Assurance of inputs- Better coordination of services- Enhanced technological capabilities-

question

disadvantages of Vertical Integration

answer

High capital requirements- Potential for unbalanced throughput- Reduced flexibility/higher risk- Loss of specialization-

question

Diversification

answer

the process by which HSOs add to existing product/service mixes and/or enter new markets with existing and/or new products/services Basis: need to provide for different revenue sources, because of constrained, unpredictable, and uncertain environments

question

Market development Product development product and market development

answer

New markets, current product- RMH adding outpateint new product current market- retirment community adding a new program new market and new product- ALS adds dysenia wing

question

Concentric

answer

new services/products are developed by HSO to complement existing ones (related to core competencies)

question

conglomerate

answer

development or acquisition of services/products that are unrelated to core mix of services or products

question

GE business screen

answer

Used to analyze potential services based on analysis of: --market attractiveness of service --organizational advantages in providing potential service

question

Elements in market attractivess

answer

market size, growth rate, profit margin, competitor intesity

question

elements in organizational advantage

answer

market share, project share growth, reputation, unit costs, human resources

question

bending the cost curve

answer

the reducing of health spending relative to projected trends

question

value

answer

created when additional features of quality or cosumer service desired by a customer can be provided at the same cost or price

question

iron triangle of healthcare

answer

improve quality of care, improve costs of care, and reduce cost and cost acceleration

question

patient protection and affordable care act

answer

expands insurance coverage to 30 million citizens but its savings will be more than offset by higher expenditures resulting from the expansion of coverage

question

WHO criteria to rank Health systems

answer

Health status (similar to quality), responsiveness to the expectations of the population ( similar to access), and social and financial risk protection (similar to cost)

question

value chain

answer

interlinked activities among a set of firms whereby suppliers provide raw material input to manufacturers who process them and produce outputs for downstream markets

question

bureaucracy

answer

government by bureau or offices

question

system

answer

a complex unity formed of many often diverse parts subject to a common plan or serving a common purpose

question

why is a system view important

answer

1.) health outcomes are determined by an array of forces and factors that spans much more than a nations health care infrastructure 2.)there are so many interdependent players that a systematic view helps to organize them and their interaction 3.)the concept of a value chain suggests that value is created along this collection of activities and requires effective partnerships 4.) payment reforms in the buyer sector must be accompanied by corresponding reforms in the provider delivery system

question

role overlap (duplication)

answer

two roles perform the same task

question

Role gap (accountability)

answer

neither role performs the needed task

question

role underuse (boredom)

answer

role not assigned enough tasks

question

role overload (burnout)

answer

role assigned too many tasks

question

role ambiguity (anxiety)

answer

role not clear what the tasks are

question

role conflict (stress)

answer

roles tasks are at cross-purposes

question

scientific management school

answer

extended the weberian model by explicitly emphasizing the control element of bureaucracy

question

human relations school

answer

developed a model of worker motivation that sharply differed from the taylorist approach and thus suggested a different way of management

question

decision making school

answer

focused on how decisions are made and goals were set as on the structure of the firm- but all within a context with which weber and scientific managers were comfortable control of the work process and the worker

question

bounded rationality

answer

guided by satisficing behavior and the use of programs and routines

question

institutional theory

answer

viewed organizations as organisms that adapt to pressures from without and within

question

open systems theory

answer

the idea that organizations exist within an environmental context from which it must secure resources, support, and legitimacy in order to survive and operate

question

ambidexterity

answer

firms that are both centralized and decentralized, firms that have units that are both mechanistic and organic in structure etc.

question

resource dependence theory

answer

organizations depend on other firms for critical resources and engage in strategies to protect themselves

question

population ecology

answer

organizational forms, competition among forms for resource space, and organization-environment covariation

question

social network approach

answer

describing the embeddedness of human behavior in social relationships

question

system perspectives

answer

focused on the broader system in which individual and organizational behavior occurs

question

complex adaptive systems

answer

composed of multiple diverse interconnected elements

question

external environment

answer

focuses on heavily by resource independence, population ecology and institutional schools

question

hospital-physician relationships (HPRs)

answer

executives efforts to improve this illustrates how the perspectives and insights of the different schools be used together

question

evidence based medicine

answer

health care professionals identify and apply scientific information in order to make clinical decisions

question

micro perspective

answer

the internal environment of organizations

question

leadership

answer

the process in which one engages others to set and achieve a common goal often an organizationally defined goal

question

mangement

answer

the process of accomplishing predetermined objectives through the effective use of human financial and technical resources

question

front line managers

answer

provide supervision directly to care providers

question

middle mangers

answer

responsibility for entire units within the health care organization

question

top managers

answer

those who are responsible for managing the entire organization and hence have responsibility for all of the units within the organization

question

trait theories

answer

examine personality traits associated with leadership success

question

behavioral theories

answer

examine how those in leadership roles act towards those that they are influencing

question

contingency theories

answer

examine how those in leadership roles are influenced by their surrounding environment and the subsequent performance within specific contexts

question

transformational leadership

answer

-idealized influence -inspirational motivation -intellectual stimulation -individualized consideration

question

transactional leadership

answer

-contingent rewards -management by exception (active) -management by exception (passive) -laissez-fair

question

goals

answer

the larger aspirations of the organization whereas objectives refer to the subordinate goals that must be accomplished to meet the larger aspirations

question

objectives

answer

subordinate goals that must be achieved to accomplish the overall organizational goal, are often many and compromise a fundamental place in strategic problem solving

question

SMART

answer

specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time bound

question

strategic problem solving

answer

an approach to integrating the strategic function of leadership involving goal and objective setting with the subsequent organizational action required to achieve the set objectives

question

followership

answer

those who share a common purpoe with the leaser, believes in what the organization is trying to accomplish and wants both the leader and the organization to succeed

question

organizational culture

answer

the deepest level of basic and shared assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization

question

performance outcomes

answer

1.) patient related 2.) staff related 3.) management related

question

competencies

answer

knowledge, skills, and abilities

question

senior management

answer

C-class positions

question

administrative leadership

answer

the instrumental and interpersonal support provided by those who hold senior positions in the organizations such as CEO COO and VP

question

clinical leadership

answer

instrumental and interpersonal support provided by those who hold clinical positions such as physicians and nurses

question

selfcare

answer

managing ones-self

question

Leaders vs. Managers

answer

Have external focus. What's going on outside? Have internal focus.

question

Leadership Competencies

answer

More forward thinking, set direction for organization, motivate employees and stake holders, keep entity on course, effective spokesperson, determine future strategies, transform organization.

question

Followership

answer

For every leader, need a follower. Not everyone or should be a leader. True leaders inspire commitment. Leaders cant be self absorbed. Recognize importance of getting respect.

question

Great Mans Theory

answer

Developed by idea certain traits determine good leadership.

question

Style Approach To Leadership

answer

Leaders have different degrees of concern over each of these behaviors. Leaders would be fully attentive to both.

question

Contingency Theory of Leadership

answer

Focused on leaders style and situations.

question

Situational Approach To Leadership

answer

Leaders behavior incertion situations.

question

Path Goal Theory of Leadership

answer

Leaders remove obstacles and recognizes importance of setting goals.

question

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

answer

Interactions between leader and follower.

question

Transformational Leader

answer

Change organization through people by raising their consciousness, empowering them, providing the nurturing needed as they produced the results desired.

question

Contemporary Model: Emotional Intelligence

answer

Certain skills that person needs to be well adjusted in todays world.

question

Contemporary Model: Authentic Leadership

answer

People want to naturally associate with someone whos following their internal compass of true purpose.

question

Contemporary Model: Inspirational Leadership

answer

Leaders who inspire by giving people what they need.

question

Contemporary Model: Diversity Leadership

answer

Leaders to address matters of diversity, whether with patient base or employees.

question

Contemporary Model: Servan Leadership

answer

Top administrations ability to lead, acknowledging that healthcare leader is largely motivated by a desire to serve others.

question

Contemporary Model: Sprituality Leadership

answer

Emphasizes ethics, values, relationship skills, and the promotion of balance between work and self. Define own uniquness as human being.

question

Coercive Leadership Style

answer

Used inappropiatly. Shouldn't be used unless leader is dealing with very problematic subordinate or is in emergency situation and needs immediate action.

question

Participative Leadership Style

answer

Asking managers for their input and giving them a voice in decision making. Letting them know they're respected and valued.

question

Pacesetting Leadership Style

answer

Leaders set high performance standards for his/her followers.

question

Coaching Leadership Style

answer

Leader focuses on personal development of his/her followers rather than the work tasks.

question

Protocols

answer

Specific ways of serving in role of healthcare leader provide exemplary model needed to send correct message to employees.

question

Professionalism

answer

Essential to good leadership. Manifested not only in way people act but also in their mannerisms and dress.

question

Governance

answer

Group of people who collectively assume responsibilities for strategic oversight of healthcare organization.

question

Ethics

answer

Principles determining behavior and conduct appropiate to certain setting.

question

Code of Ethics

answer

Gives specific guidelines to be followed by individual members.

question

Integrity Agreement

answer

Address commitment to follow ethical behavior by organization.

question

American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE)

answer

Educating professional membership as to ethical responsibilities of healthcare leaders.

question

Executive Programs

answer

Attract medical personnel into fast track curriculum to attempt to give them essential skills they need to be successful.

question

Baldrige National Quality Program

answer

Recognize in its most recent criteria for performance excellence the need for senior leaders to create sustainable environment for their organization through continual development of future leaders by enhancing their personal leadership skills.

question

Leader Development

answer

Leader collaborating with his/her superior.

question

Leadership Development

answer

Process in team based.

question

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

answer

Will dramatically alter the way health insurance is administered.

question

Effective leaders do not: A. Model themselves as walking mission statements who convey their visions with enthusiasm B. Express themselves in words far more eloquently than in attitude or actions C. Approach the job and its requirements with an optimistic mind-set D. Influence people over which they have no formal authority

answer

Express themselves in words far more eloquently than in attitude or actions Chapter 7 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

The most workable budgets are those created within the finance department and handed down to the operating divisions. True False

answer

False Chapter 8 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

For a supervisor to truly command respect in the department, he or she must openly apply the power of the position at every opportunity. True False

answer

False Chapter 7 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

The fundamentals of consensus decision making do not include: A. Applying rational techniques of voting or bargaining B. The avoidance of hasty conclusions or agreements C. Insistence that each member agree that he or she can live with the chosen solution D. Analysis of the negative features of each alternative

answer

Applying rational techniques of voting or bargaining Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

A Pareto diagram displays the frequency of occurrences of an event or condition in order of importance or frequency. True False

answer

True Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

In addition to actively leading, effective leaders are also active in developing the leadership skills of some of their employees. True False

answer

True Chapter 7 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

A control chart shows the correlation between two variables. True False

answer

False Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

Goals and objectives: A. Reflect overarching needs B. Should be time-oriented C. Are meaningful and measurable D. All of the above

answer

All of the above Chapter 2 in Career Opportunities in Health Care Management.

question

An important rule of budgeting is: A. Unused budgeted funds are carried over into the next budgeting period B. Money left over in the capital equipment budget is applied to the operating budget C. Those responsible for complying with budgets must participate in budget preparation D. Expenses are always charged to one central authority in the organization

answer

Those responsible for complying with budgets must participate in budget preparation Chapter 8 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Effective leaders are able to get people to do their bidding by: A. Showing them by example the way certain things should be done B. Suggesting that higher management will be displeased with them all if a specific something does not get done right C. Reminding employees that there is pressure on all of them to produce D. Suggesting that we all owe our compliance to the organization for having provided our means to a living

answer

Showing them by example the way certain things should be done Chapter 7 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

It is advisable to avoid making a decision when: A. The outcome is likely to be damaging to you or your department B. Doing so will take too much time away from your regular work C. You are emotionally upset or seriously distracted D. You are able to shift the responsibility to another supervisor

answer

You are emotionally upset or seriously distracted Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Solitude is rarely effective in stimulating the creative thinking process. True False

answer

False Chapter 6 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

The type of team that is characterized by a group assembled for a specific purpose is known as a "standing committee." True False

answer

False Chapter 6 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Innovative people are unable to visualize to the extent displayed by their rational counterparts. True False

answer

False Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Waldenville Community Health Foundation provides: A. Direct care B. Nondirect care

answer

Nondirect care Chapter 3 in Career Opportunities in Health Care Management.

question

The acronym FACHE stands for: A. Fellow of the American Chapter of Health Executives B. Freshman and Certified Healthcare Executive C. Fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives D. Fellow of the Association of Certified Healthcare Executives

answer

Fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives Chapter 1 in Career Opportunities in Health Care Management.

question

Budgeting and cost control have been made appreciably easier by the cost-containment measures imposed on health care providers. True False

answer

False Chapter 8 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

To encourage a service-oriented culture, effective supervisors: A. Express their own values over and above those of the organization B. Do not personally involve themselves in service activities but rather concentrate on leading C. Treat their employees the way they want customers to be treated D. Do not waste time on meetings but rather wait for staff to bring their problems to them

answer

Treat their employees the way they want customers to be treated Chapter 8 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

Group discussions increase the likelihood of elements or events accidentally coming together to create an opportunity. True False

answer

True Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Brainstorming is a freewheeling process in which ideas that arise are instantly evaluated and either scrapped or saved. True False

answer

False Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Completed staff work includes offering potential solutions as well as conveying problems to the supervisor. True False

answer

True Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

Critical shortages of certain valuable skills call for relatively quick hiring decisions before the applicants go elsewhere. True False

answer

True Chapter 9 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

Benchmarking usually results from some form of process, system, or structural reengineering. True False

answer

False Chapter 8 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

The strength of the group dynamics of a team depends mostly on how willing leaders are to share authority, responsibility, information, and resources. True False

answer

True Chapter 6 in Introduction to Healthcare Management

question

To avoid potential legal problems, it is advisable to load project teams with a majority of non-supervisory employees. True False

answer

False Chapter 6 in Introduction to Healthcare Management.

question

Common law

answer

A form of law that depends on judicial decisions as opposed to legislative acts. It is often referred to as judge-made law.

question

Interpretive justice

answer

An academic approach to defining the justice system so that legal standards can be better understood—for example, defining what the U.S. Constitution means and how it applies to specific cases.

question

Precedent

answer

The term "precedent" refers to legal cases (at common law) that were decided by judges. When issues arise that are similar to those in a previous case, those same principles will be used to decide the current case.

question

Legislature

answer

The legislature is the government body that makes rules and laws that society abides by. Normally, legislators are elected officials such as congressional representatives and senators.

question

Statutes

answer

A statute, in this context, refers to an act by a legislative body such as a law. The statute is the form in which the law is expressed.

question

Executive orders

answer

An executive order is a requirement that the President makes of individuals or organizations under the jurisdiction of the executive branch of government. It is respected much like a law.

question

Binding policy

answer

A policy is a requirement that an organization, group, or government agency adopts to make its organization run more smoothly. Therefore, a binding policy means that the policy is final and must be followed when it applies

question

Competent

answer

Competence speaks to an individual's ability to make decisions or perform tasks. For example, an individual must be competent to agree to a medical procedure, meaning that they are of sound mind, of legal age, and so on. Competent also means that a professional has the skills to perform a task, that is, a surgeon is educated, trained, and licensed to practice surgery.

question

Patient self-determination

answer

Patient self-determination is a law that requires healthcare organizations to inform patients of their rights as they pertain to their ability to determine their own health care. For instance, a patient would be informed about their right to consent, their ability to accept and refuse care, and advanced directives.

question

EMTALA

answer

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

question

HEAT

answer

Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team

question

HIPAA

answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

question

What is health?

answer

The state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being. Not only absence of disease

question

What differentiates the osteopathic profession from the allopathic?

answer

They treat specific symptoms

question

Name 4 determinants of health

answer

health care genetic inheritance physical environment social environment

question

Give examples of physical environment health risks/determinants

answer

Farm workers: machine injuries Office Workers: air pollution, asbestos, formaldehyde/radon exposure

question

Give examples of social environment health risks/determinants

answer

Low socioeconomic families are at higher risk of CVD, DM, Asthma, CA, and HIV/AIDS

question

What is the central focus of health care?

answer

restore health or prevent exacerbation of current health

question

What is primary health care?

answer

Eliminating risk factors for disease (e.g. wearing a seatbelt, using condoms, sunblock, smoke cessation programs, dietary changes)

question

What is secondary health care?

answer

Early detection of disease for more effective treatments

question

What is tertiary health care?

answer

Managing and treating identified disease to reduce or limit complications that may arise (e.g. rehab or limitation of disability)

question

Currently, the way our health care system is set up, what type of health care is emphasized?

answer

Secondary and Tertiary

question

What makes up a healthcare system?

answer

Facilities Workforce Providers of healthcare therapeutics Education/Research institutes Financing mechanisms

question

Who are the main drivers of the US Health Care System?

answer

governmental health agencies private, non-profit health care sector private, profit-making health care sector

question

What are the elements of managing a healthcare system?

answer

administration planning regulation evaluation

question

How are health care systems judged?

answer

quality, equity, and efficiency of the healthcare provided

question

What is primary care?

answer

personal treatment and preventative measures e.g. immunizations, prenatal care, routine check-ups

question

What is secondary care?

answer

services offered at PCP offices and hospitals e.g. surgeries, diagnostic tests, interventions (radiologists, cardiologists,ophthalmologists)

question

What is tertiary care?

answer

highly specialized diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehab services that require specific tools or staff (beyond what a community hospital can do) e.g. open heart surgery, organ transplants, chemo, extremely premature infants

question

What two categories are health care facilities divided into?

answer

Inpatient and outpatient

question

How are hospitals categorized?

answer

By control, size (no. of beds) , function, conditions treated, average daily census, and average LOS

question

Hospitals categorized by function fall into what four categories?

answer

General Special Rehab/Chronic Illness Psychiatric

question

Hospitals categorized by control fall into what four categories?

answer

Government (non-federal) - state - local - county - city- county - hospital districts Government federal Private, not-for-profit Private, for-profit

question

What are some other ways that hospitals can be classified?

answer

type of med condition number of beds control/ownership

question

What kind of ownership describes community hospitals?

answer

non-federal, short-term general (including children's hospitals)

question

Length of Stay is broken down into what categories?

answer

Long term = > 30 Short term = <30

question

How is LOS calculated?

answer

divide number of inpatients by the number of admission

question

What is daily census? How is it calculated?

answer

The average number of people served on an inpatient basis Divide the inpatient days by the number of days in the reporting period

question

In 2008, the largest portion of the US Health Care budget was spent on what?

answer

Hospitals

question

What are some of the regulatory/reporting agencies for hospitals?

answer

American Hospital Association National Center for Health Statistics Statistical abstract of the US by the US Census bureau

question

Most hospitals are ....

answer

Non-federal (96%) community (86%) non-profit (58%) hospitals

question

What percent of non-federal community hospitals are state/local government owned?

answer

22%

question

What percent of non-federal hospitals are private, for-profit?

answer

20%

question

What is the overall trend in hospital and hospital bed numbers?

answer

Shrinking numbers for both as hospitals are moving towards increasing hospitalizations while minimizing LOS 1990 --> 2009 1.2m/6.7k --> 950k/5.8k

question

What has contributed to the shrinking number of beds/hospitals?

answer

high operating costs of smaller hospitals difficulty in retaining quality personnel in rural areas increasing economy of scale for larger hospitals when the hospital performs a procedure many times its quality increases with each attempt (hence trend for more hospitalizations and shorter LOS)

question

What divisions form the hospital structure?

answer

Administration Medical Staff Nursing Staff Other diagnostic and therapeutic support (lab, ECG, EEG, pharm, psych, social service, respiratory, nutrition, OT, home health, med rec, adult day care, screening, hospice, pain mngt, sports med, women's health)

question

How do hospitals offer outpatient care?

answer

through ED, in an outpatient clinic, ambulatory surgery unit

question

What are the responsibilities of a hospital administration?

answer

finance personnel provision of services (e.g. maintenance, housekeeping, dietary, laundry) community/PR Development (fundraising)

question

Medical staff divisions are organized by what three subcategories?

answer

Specialty Organ System Diagnostic (esp imaging)

question

What are some examples of hospital committees?

answer

Executive committee Joint Conference committee Credentials committee Infections control comm Pharma and therapeutics comm Tissue comm Medical records comm Quality Assurance comm Ethics consultation comm Patient safety and risk mngt

question

What are some trends gaining traction in health care?

answer

Complementary/alternative medicine (acupuncture, massage, stress reductions, pet/music/art therapy) Luxury suites

question

What are the main for-profit health service enterprises?

answer

therapeutics (e.g. pharm) insurance companies nursing homes (for elderly and chronically ill) general for profit hospitals for-profit managed care sector

question

What is the structure of a non-for-profit hospital?

answer

Board of trustees (usually bankrollers) President of hospital/CEO executive director/executive VP

question

What is the structure of a for-profit hospital?

answer

Can be same as non-profit, or can be run by the owner

question

Nursing homes are most closely associated with what type of care?

answer

Long-term care

question

What is long-term care?

answer

a range of supportive, rehabilitative, nursing, and palliative services provided to those who can't perform daily activities due to chronic illness or disability

question

Nursing homes have been __________ since 1973/1974

answer

declining (16k homes, 1.75m beds to 15.7k homes, 1.7m beds)

question

In general, most of nursing homes are what kind of institution?

answer

66% for-profit 26% non-profit 8% government owned

question

Where does most of the money for nursing homes come from?

answer

More than 50% from public funds (Account for 44% of medicaid despite being only 11% of the enrollees)

question

Most physician-patient contact occurs in what medical setting?

answer

outpatient (1.2b visits; 80% in PCPs offices)

question

What is ambulatory care?

answer

care given to a person who is not a bed patient in a health care institution covers all health care services other than community health services and personal health services for institutionalized patients

question

What are the two types of ambulatory care? What fields is each found in?

answer

Pay-per-service: solo, group practice Salaried: hospitals, public health, HMOs, home care, school/prison/industrial health services

question

In 2011, what percent of ambulatory medical care visits were to PCPs?

answer

48% 18% - specialist 17% - surgery 10% - ED 7% - hospital OP

question

Of the 1.2 billion ambulatory patient visits, which sex made up a larger percentage? What was the trend?

answer

Women - 58% Men visit more for injuries before 45 years of age, women go overall more after 45

question

The average American made how many ambulatory patient visits?

answer

4

question

What are the most visited ambulatory specialties?

answer

General/Family - 25% Internal - 17% Pediatrics - 13.5% ObGyn - 8% Ophthalmology - 5% Orthopedic surg - 4%

question

What was the main source of payment for ambulatory visits?

answer

insurance (59%) Medicare (21%) SCHIP (15%) self pay (6%)

question

What are the functions of the ED?

answer

Care for critically ill/injured Secondary PCP, esp. when PCP is unreachable (hours, HMO, geography) Source of patient admissions Take care of uninsured who have nowhere else to go

question

What are the types of patients that present to the ED?

answer

Nonurgent Urgent - Possible danger if not treated within hours; acute but not severe Emergent - Requires immediate medical attention; delay will be harmful to patient; life-threatening

question

How often do the insured/uninsured go to the ED?

answer

Insured - 20 visits per 100 persons Uninsured - 42 visits per 100 persons

question

What functions do the 2,000+ governmental local health departments focus on?

answer

Functions that PCPs have not wanted to focus on

question

What kind of services do public health agency clinics offer?

answer

TB control child health (vaccines/exams) prenatal care STD control mental health problems

question

From 2000 to 2009 how did the number of providers of health care change?

answer

increased by 2.1% (3.2 million) 12.2 m ---> 15.5 m

question

Where are most health care providers working?

answer

40% hospital 25% practitioners offices 16% nursing/care facilitieshospital numbers have decreased as the number of hospitals have decreased

question

Outside of physicians, what are some other examples of the 700+ skilled health occupations?

answer

2.6 million RN 729k LPN 218k EMT/paramedic 268k pharmacists

question

What is the physician-population ratio? Why is this number misleading? What will the physician surplus/deficit be by 2020?

answer

27.7 physicians per 10,000 people This number varies greatly by geography A deficit of about 49k physicians is expected

question

What is the difference between the US model of care and other hospitalist models?

answer

US hospitalist see patients in both ambulatory and hospital settings Other models: 1) hospitalist see only hospitalized patients 2) Other countries - the physician sees only ambulatory or only hospitalized The difference is that the US system allows for continuity of care

question

What is the role of the PCP?

answer

provide integrated accessible health care services; be accountable for addressing a large majority of health needs, developing sustained partnerships with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community The care that most people need and use most of the time

question

What is coordination of care?

answer

When the primary provider assesses the situation and refers the patients when necessary and integrates the referral summary into the ongoing care of the patient

question

What specialties are considered primary care?

answer

Family Medicine Internal Medicine Pediatric Medicine Geriatric Medicine ObGyn

question

How does the role of the PCP when they work for a managed care organization?

answer

In the managed care organization there is a conflict between the patients best care possible and the goal of the managed care organization to reduce referrals to specialists

question

Physicians and Nurses are regulated by .....

answer

State law

question

What are the different types of Nurses?

answer

RN - A.A. or B.A. in nursing, must pass licensing exam LPN - vocational nurse, 12-18 month program with high school diploma, lower skill and knowledge than RN Nurse's aide - No education requirement, may have undergone formal education, or may have learned on the job

question

What are the functions of the PA?

answer

conduct exams, diagnose and treat, order and interpret tests, counsel on preventative health care, assist in surgery, and write prescriptions

question

How many PAs were there in 2011 and how many training programs?

answer

481k PAs 1.5k training programs

question

How does the US involvement in health care compare to other industrialized nations?

answer

US is less involved than any other industrialized nation. Only providing for those who can't take care of themselves

question

What populations are considered "not profitable to care for or are otherwise difficult"?

answer

sick poor mentally ill Native americans living on reservations short and long term care for elderly infectious disease control

question

What gives the states the power to provide health, safety, and welfare of the people?

answer

"police power"

question

The federal government gets all its power from the Constitution. What powers give it authority of some components of health care?

answer

powers to tax and spend to provide for the welfare ability to regulate interstate and foreign commerce

question

What is the legislative branch's role in healthcare?

answer

They enact laws to protect health (e.g. clean water laws) and affect the framework of the delivery of health care

question

What is the executive branch's role in health care?

answer

write regulations and administer legislation (Clean Water Act and EPA regulation; Medicare program with CMS/HHS regulation)

question

What is the judiciary branch's role in health care?

answer

Determines if legislation is constitutional or if it exceeds original parameters Prosecution of health/safety law violations and settlement of contract disputes

question

Department of Health and Human Services

answer

Most important federal agency in relation to health care 300+ programs Mission: promote and protect health and well-being of all American esp. those least able to help themselves (elderly, disabled, disadvantaged)

question

Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs

answer

Provides health services to veterans (army, navy, air force, each has own network of facilities) 152 hospitals (in all states, DC, and PR), 807 ambulatory care/community clinics, 288 veterans center 8.4 million enrolled in 2011 (number increased from 7.7 in 2005) Overseen by DOD; health personnel are members of military, salaried by military rank TRICARE - Health services for military personnel (retired, living, or died on duty) and their dependents is paid for by DOD

question

Department of Agriculture

answer

manages nutrition policy, livestock inspection, and food stamps

question

Environmental Protection Agency

answer

concerned with clean air, water, and toxic dumping

question

Department of Labor

answer

administers the OSHA

question

National Institutes of Health

answer

A subsidiary of the DHHS that provides financial support (grants, contracts) for non-government agencies and directs biomedical research

question

Public Health Service

answer

dates back to 1798 division of DHHS operates NIH, CDC, and drug abuse control

question

Food and Drug Administration

answer

protects against food, drug, and medical device/product hazards ensures drug potency and effectiveness regulates drugs, OTC, biologic products and derivatives, radiological equipment (exposure) focus on efficacy and safety

question

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

answer

prevent/control disease and personal injury foreign/interstate quarantine operations improve clinical laboratories develop standards for safe and healthful working conditions

question

Indian Health Services

answer

provides health care for 2 million Native Americans/ Alaskan natives who live on or near reservations provides hospital, ambulatory, preventative, and rehab care 28 hospitals, 58 health centers, 31 health stations, 5 school health centers

question

How does the VA define a veteran?

answer

Anyone that has served 90 days or more in armed services and who received a general or honorable discharge

question

What are "therapeutics"?

answer

equipment or pharmaceuticals e.g. imaging/laboratory equipment, hospital furniture, needles, chemicals, gases, surgical instruments, orthopedics

question

Therapeutics accounted for what percent of the total national health expenditure?

answer

12.8% = $300 billion - 2008 12.6% = $169.8 billion - 2000

question

What is included in National Health Expenditures (NHE)?

answer

health consumption expenditures investment in health care structures/equipment noncommercial health care research to procure future health care expenditures

question

How much money was spent in health care?

answer

13.8% of GDP - 1.4 trillion - 2000 17.6% of GDP - 2.5 trillion - 2009

question

Who spends the highest percentage of their GDP on health expenditures?

answer

1. US 2. Netherlands 3. Germany

question

What trend is seen in health care expenditures?

answer

Increasing cost, but the percent that it's increasing by is decreasing

question

Why are health expenditures increasing?

answer

because the increasing use of costly tech-based diagnostic and procedural interventions

question

What percent of NHE is spent on actual health care? What is the rest spent on?

answer

84% spent on personal health care The rest is on administration and investment

question

What were the five top costs for NHE in 2009?

answer

Hospital - 31% PCP/clinical - 20% Rx drugs - 10% Nursing home/home health - 8% Administration - 7%

question

Where does the NHE get its funds?

answer

Out of pocket private health insurance public health programs (medicare, medicaid, CHIP) DOD/VA charity care/forgiven debt

question

What percent of NHE did public and private insurance cover?

answer

approximately 2/3 (39% public, 32% private)

question

What are "out-of-pocket" costs?

answer

direct payments to PCP for uninsured deductibles coinsurance extra payments to providers

question

What is a deductible?

answer

a flat amount that insured must pay before insurance begins to make payments

question

What is co-insurance?

answer

aka co-pay a share of each service that the pt is to pay (may be expressed in percentages or set amount)

question

What are third-party payers?

answer

anyone other than the insured/family and provider who are responsible for paying for health care services (employer, managed-care org., charity, worker's comp., government agencies)

question

What is combination pay?

answer

Pt pays co-pay Insurance pays some of the balance Provider forgives the unpaid balance as charity/forgiven debt

question

From 1990 to 2011, what happened to the percentage of Americans with health insurance? What is the main source of insurance for Americans?

answer

Decreased from 73% to 64% most people get insurance from their (spouses') work; employees pay a portion of the cost

question

What categories are insurance companies broken up into?

answer

Profit and non-for-profit

question

What is the biggest Non-for-profit insurance company? What are some examples of for-profit companies?

answer

BCBS Metropolitan, Aetna, and some BCBS

question

Who does the profit go to in for-profit companies?

answer

the owners or shareholders

question

What is a managed care organization (MCO)?

answer

instead of contacting provider and having a third party (insurance) pay, the patient contracts the MCO and the MCO is paid by the patients employer.

question

How has government spending changed since the 1960s?

answer

It has paid for an increasing portion of NHE '60 - 23% '70 - 37% '80 - 42% '09 - 49%

question

Medicare was established under what Act? Who were the original beneficiaries?

answer

Social Security Act persons 65+ who were eligible for social security or Railroad retirement

question

In 1973 what important provision was made to Medicare?

answer

it was broadened to include permanently disabled workers and their dependents who were eligible for SS disability, and persons with ESRD

question

What are the 4 parts of Medicare and who funds them?

answer

Part A - hospital insurance - Social Security taxes Part B - supplementary med insurance (covers other health services and outpatient care) - general revenues/premium payments Part C - allows participation in managed care organizations Part D - Medicare prescription drug coverage (lowers cost of prescriptions) - premiums

question

How do the administrative costs for Medicare compare to those of regular insurance companies?

answer

Much lower! (1-2%)

question

In 1992, what happened to the way that Medicare paid for services?

answer

Medicare established the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale and replaced the old system of paying by what the provider charged

question

How does the RBRVS work?

answer

It establishes payments by the costs of the resources needed to provide them

question

How is the cost of providing health care broken down and determined

answer

Broken down into: physician work practice expense liability insuranceThe payments are calculated by multiplying the cost by a conversion factor and adjusting for geography

question

How are hospitals paid by Medicare?

answer

On an episode-of-care basis. The amount for each case is determined by a formula based on Diagnosis Related Group (part of prospective payment system) Paid a fixed amount per patient discharged, based on ICD-9-CM.

question

Why were Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) implemented?

answer

To control the Medicare expenditures

question

How does the ICD-9-CM work?

answer

instead of paying fee-for-service, it expects each patient belonging to a certain grouping to display similar symptoms and in turn require similar resources. Ergo, the payment should be more or less the same.

question

What were Medicare expenditures in 2009?

answer

$502 billion for 46 million enrollees - 2009 $224 billion for 40 million enrolles - 2000

question

When was Medicaid created? How was eligibility determined?

answer

1965 at the same time as Medicare Meant for those with low incomes and assets below a certain threshold (needs-based)

question

How is Medicaid funded? Who administers Medicaid? How does Medicaid pay providers?

answer

federal and state tax funds the states administer it Medicaid pays on a fee-for-service/episode-of-care basis

question

What year was SCHIP created? Who funds SCHIP? Who administers SCHIP?

answer

1997 federal and state governments the states

question

What is the purpose of SCHIP? How many children were enrolled in SCHIP?

answer

provides healthcare for uninsured children who aren't eligible for Medicaid 6.7 million (700k adults obtained waivers)

question

What are some examples of Non-Government Organizations? What roles do they play in health-care?

answer

American Heart Association, Red Cross, Visiting Nurse Association perform services not rendered by other health care agencies, pursue research, advance the interest of population subgroups, public education/advocacy, will carry out certain tasks when asked by government agencies

question

What are some examples of Professional Organizations? What role do they play in health care?

answer

Organizations funded by the members of a certain subgroup (e.g. AOA, AMA, POMA (Penn Osteo. Med. Assc.) Often provide professional standards

question

How is health care system performance measured?

answer

Evaluated on micro (individual practices or hospitals) or macro (regions, states, nations) level according to quality, equity, and efficiency of health care

question

How is the quality of healthcare measured?

answer

In terms of: structure - conditions under which the care is provided (facilities, equipment, HR, academic affiliation, etc)process - the activities that constitute healthcare (dx, tx, rehab, prevention, pt education)outcomes - changes (desirable or not) in individuals/populations that can be attributed to health care

question

What are some indicators of population health?

answer

-death rates (age-adjusted, disease specific) -life expectancy -time lost to premature death -infant mortality -health life expectancy at birth (years in good health; no disease or injury)

question

What has happened to life expectancy since 1990?

answer

Increased by 3 years for men, women, and overall (men less than women)

question

How does the US compare to the 13 other civilized countries?

answer

We are last in everything except for life expectancy at birth for males (10) and females (13)

question

What are some ways to measure clinical effectiveness based on outcomes?

answer

- hospital readmission rates - functional capacity after medical intervention - long term pain and discomfort after medical treatment - infection acquired during hospital stay - five year mortality rate for patients treated for CA, heart disease, and others

question

How many people did not have insurance in 2006?

answer

46.1 million

question

What did the PPACA of 2010 do?

answer

- Makes health insurance affordable for everyone - prevents insurances from denying insurance, charging higher premiums, or imposing life limits to anyone based on gender, health, or any reason - extends coverage of children to 26 years of age - requires that most individuals have health insurance - expands medicaid coverage to 138% of federal level - closes "donut-hole" of Medicare Part D

question

How does ObamaCare affect physicians?

answer

1) Expands insurance coverage 2) Individual mandate 3) Regulate Insurance Companies 4) Physician Payment Increases 5) Small business Tax Credits 6) Administrative Simplification 7) Medical Liability Reform 8) Workforce Investment 9) Preventive Care Investments 10) Medicare Drug Rebate/Coverage 11) Public Health Investments Comparative Effectiveness Research

question

Healthcare of the past:

answer

earliest civilization health needs were met by a specific person or groups/ancient treatments were harmful in some cases & helpful in others/some of the most helpful were the use of herbs & plants for medication

question

Agencies of accreditation:

answer

have been established to determine whether a training program meets acceptable standards

question

Those who choose a career in the health field seek:

answer

more then economic security/other factors include the working conditions,& the opportunties for advancement in health care

question

Healthcare in the United States is influenced by:

answer

the state of the economy the values of society,the law of supply & demand,& the technological development

question

The correct term for HIPAA is:

answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

question

Medicare is:

answer

a federal health program for individulas 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities and people with end-stage renal disease

question

To provide adequate care, the health care worker must be able to do--------------------unique to each person.

answer

recognize & accept the values, attitudes, & beliefs

question

The changes in the health care industry are due to:

answer

new medical discoveries technological advances, & evolving health concerns

question

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is best ordered as:

answer

physical, security, social concerns, self respect, & self worth

question

Effective communication consists of:

answer

(3 parts) the sender, the message, & the receiver

question

A person's character is the sum of:

answer

behavior, attitudes, & values

question

Homeostasis can best be described as:

answer

fight or flight

question

Managing stress can be achieved by:

answer

nutrition, exercise, relaxation techniques & personal behavior changes

question

Active listening skills require:

answer

interacts with the sender, provides feedback,indicate understanding,good listening skills

question

Nonverbal messages may include:

answer

facial expressions,tone of voice & distance between sender & recieiver

question

When working with a patient from a different culture:

answer

respect any culture, dietary preference

question

The term aerobic pertains to:

answer

air

question

A pathogen is:

answer

a microorganism that produces disease

question

A pathologist is:

answer

one who studies disease

question

The mode of transmission for syphilis is:

answer

direct contact

question

The mode of transmission for tetanus is:

answer

a puncture wound

question

The mode of transmission for hepatitis B is:

answer

blood to blood/ parenteral (by injection)

question

An echocardiograph is:

answer

record of the heart & blood vessels made with ultrasound

question

A sonogram is:

answer

record or image made by using sound waves

question

A mammogram is:

answer

making a record or image of the breast

question

Radiopaque materials may be administered by:

answer

mouth, rectum or IV

question

A film badge:

answer

records the level of exposure to radio logic materials

question

The diagnostic medical sonographer produces:

answer

two-dimensional images or sonographs of internal organs using sound waves at high frequency

question

(MRI)Magnetic resonance imagimg:

answer

is a process that creates detailed image resolution & tissue contrast/useful indiganosing problems of the brain & spin

question

Interventional radiology allows a healthcare worker to insert tubes or catherters into----------------------------to correct abnormalities

answer

blood vessels

question

Bradypnea refers to:

answer

slow breathing

question

Dyspnea refers to:

answer

bad or painful breathing

question

Hematemesis refers to:

answer

vomitting blood

question

Sublingual refers to:

answer

below the tongue

question

Abduction refers to:

answer

to take away from the body

question

range of motion exercise should be performed on nonmobile patients every

answer

8 hours

question

Hemiplegia refers to a patient who:

answer

is half paralized

question

a medical career in the area of osteopathy focuses on:

answer

therapeutic approach to medicane

question

A medical career in the area of phlebotomy focuses on:

answer

incision into a vessel

question

Opticians:

answer

design & fit lenses & frames using an optical prescription

question

Optometrists:

answer

examine & test eyes to evaluate vision & detect disease of the eye for referral to an MD

question

A normal vision reading is considered to be :

answer

20/20

question

Oncology is the study of:

answer

tumors or cancer

question

The term buccal refers to:

answer

pertaining to the cheek

question

The term chiropractic medicine pertains to:

answer

adjustment of the spine by hand

question

Hydrotherapy:

answer

treatment with water

question

Osteoarthritis is:

answer

inflammation of the bones & joints

question

Euphoria is:

answer

state of feeling well

question

Gerontology is:

answer

study of aging

question

What is the most commonly abused substance in the United States:

answer

alcohol

question

The function of the mental health care team is to provide care and treatment for individuals with disorders of:

answer

mind,emotion & behavior

question

Aphasia means:

answer

without speaking

question

the term that means "pertaining to the outside of the body" is:

answer

extracorporeal

question

The health care worker who helps patients strengthen and coordinate body movement using exercise is a:

answer

Kinesiotherapists

question

Visually impaired people may be helped by the services of a(n):

answer

orientation & mobility instructors or specialists

question

The term myoelectronics refers to:

answer

pertaining to electricity & muscles

question

Speech pathologists treat disorders such as:

answer

delayed language development the inability to speak, stuttering & articulation problems

question

Audiologists specialize in the:

answer

prevention, indentification, assessment & rehabilitation of hearing disorders

question

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their:

answer

actions,dosages,side effects,indications,& contraindications

question

The responsibilities of a respiratory therapist include:

answer

evaluate the patient to administer respiratory care & operate life support equiment under the supervision of a physician, monitoring respiratory care equipment, observing a patients response.

question

The goal of modern emergency care includes:

answer

immediate aid,or first aid,at the scene of injury, transportation of the victim to a medical facility, administering CPR and treating shock.

question

Internal wounds include:

answer

contusion or bruise

question

Abrasions result from:

answer

the scraping of the skin or mucous membrane from the surface of the body

question

Most cases of poisoning occur:

answer

in the home

question

Shock may result from:

answer

trauma,electrical injury,insulin shock,hemorrhage,or as a reaction to drugs

question

Most marine injuries are caused by:

answer

the victim

question

Effects of partial seizures include:

answer

automatic actions,hallucinations,or twitching of muscle groups

question

The two types of fractures are:

answer

open & closed

question

Exposure to heat can result in:

answer

heat exhaustion, heat stroke & muscle cramping

question

To treat frostbite,an emergency health care worker should do all of the following:

answer

bring the victim inside, give warm fluids if conscious, elevate and cover the affected area loosely with a dry dressing, immerse the affected area in slightly warm water.

question

Administrarors and information personnel may not have direct contact with patient, but they must follow:

answer

confidentiality requirements

question

Health care managers need:

answer

to be organized to work quickly & accurately, good communication skills.

question

Charting requires:

answer

black ink direct quotes clearness conciseness

question

Medical records personnel-----------data. They do not -----------data.

answer

organize, analyze, file and generate data. (they do not collect data)

question

Group insurance is:

answer

open to company employees & their dependents

question

The medical transcriptionist:

answer

listens to and types information to provide a permanent record.

question

Food service workers are responsible for:

answer

preparing and delivering meals, helping a patient select a menu and processing the order.

question

Health and regulatory inspectors must:

answer

enforce laws & regulations concerning employment hazards

question

Public health microbiologists are responsible for:

answer

studying the relationship of people to organisms, testing foods, monitoring sludge from sewage treatment facilities and identifying organisms that cause disease.

question

Air pollution can adversely affect the following body systems:

answer

respiratory,sensory, nervous & cardio vascular

question

Ecology is the study of:

answer

living organisms and their relationship to the environment

question

The biosphere consists of:

answer

air, crust of the earth and water.

question

Pitch,or the quality of sound that is heard, is determined by:

answer

the speed of the vibrations against the eardrum

question

Biotechnology refers to:

answer

the study of the manipulation of the genes of living organisms.

question

Eugenics can be defined as:

answer

study of the methods for controlling the characteristics of humans and pertaining to new origins.

question

Biotechnologists work in which field(s) of practice?

answer

including research,forensics,immunology & teaching

question

Profession:

answer

requires specialized knowledge & often, long & intensive academic training

question

Plague:

answer

disease that causes a high rate of death or mortality

question

Insurance:

answer

payment for health care expenses, which may or may not occur

question

Voluntary organization:

answer

provides research,education & support for specific concerns funded by donations & grants

question

Health maintenance:

answer

health care at group rates

question

Registration:

answer

official record of individuals qualified to preform certain services

question

Paraprofessional:

answer

worker who assists a professional

question

Outpatient care facility:

answer

provides surgical,diagnostic,& ambulatory care

question

Public health care:

answer

provides care through federal, state, & local agencies for those who can not afford to pay for health care

question

Pandemic:

answer

epidemic that spreads over a wide geographical area

question

Nursing Home Reform Law:

answer

protects nurising home residents

question

Value:

answer

rate of usefulness,importance, or general worth

question

Interpersonal:

answer

relationships with others

question

Mass communication:

answer

television, radio, film & newspaper

question

Attitude:

answer

mental position or feeling

question

Habit:

answer

seatled tendency of behavior

question

Hierarchy:

answer

graded or ranked series

question

Assertiveness:

answer

good listening skills

question

Behavior:

answer

manner of conducting oneself

question

Character:

answer

distinctive qualities that make up an indivdual

question

Body language:

answer

nonverbal communication

question

Diversity:

answer

quality of being different

question

Immunity:

answer

high level of resistance to certain microorganisms or disease

question

Infection:

answer

invasion & multiplication of pathogenic microoraganisms in the body tissue

question

Microorganism:

answer

microscopic living organism , microbe

question

Nonpathogenic:

answer

microorganisms that does not produce disease

question

Pathogen:

answer

microorganisms that produce disease

question

Phagocyte:

answer

cells that surrounds & destroys microorganisms and foreign particles

question

Phlebotomy:

answer

incision into a vein to with draw blood

question

Recipient:

answer

one who receives tissue from another such as in a blood transfusion

question

Sterile:

answer

free from all living microorganisms

question

Anesthetic:

answer

pretaining to a lack of feeling

question

Dependence:

answer

addicition to drugs or alcohol

question

Hallucination:

answer

senory perception that occurs in waking state but does not have external stimulus

question

Immunization:

answer

process of becoming secure against a particular disease or pathogen

question

Pollution:

answer

condition of being defiled or impure

question

Withdrawal:

answer

unpleasant sysmptoms resulting with stoppage of drugs or irritabilite,impaired attention & physical illness

question

1. Health care policy is

answer

every health care manager's job

question

2. Dashboards are

answer

A way to measure organizational performance

question

Griffith says "championship processes" need performance measures in each the following areas except

answer

Directing

question

Succession planning is

answer

Planning to replace managers who retire or move up

question

The main difference between direct care and non-direct care settings is

answer

Provision of care

question

This competency reflects expertise or ability to perform a specific work task

answer

Technical

question

Employment of medical and health services managers is expected to change by what percent between 2008 and 2018?

answer

plus 16 percent

question

This function requires the manager to set a direction and determine what needs to be accomplished.

answer

Planning

question

External domains of health care management include all of the following except

answer

Patient satisfaction

question

Organization management means

answer

sharing of information,collaboration ,communication

question

Larger organizations are more likely to have all of the following except

answer

Informal chain of command

question

Team management means

answer

assigning work tasks,review of performance,task interdependencies

question

Self-management means

answer

managing time, information,being responsive,keeping current

question

Internal domains of health care management include all of the following except

answer

Medicare/Medicaid

question

This competency enables a manager to communicate with and work well with other individuals

answer

Interpersonal

question

A high deductible health plan with a savings option represents a form of consumer driven health plan that

answer

All of the Above

question

Access to the care of specialist physicians is limited in which type of health plan?

answer

Health Maintenance Organization

question

CHIP is a program that provides for

answer

Children in low income families who would not typically qualify under Medicaid

question

Cost sharing is required of those covered by:

answer

All of the Above

question

Efforts to control the costs of Medicare have been undertaken via legislation mandated to create prospective payment systems for

answer

Skilled nursing facilities using RUGs

question

In purchasing health insurance, which of the following is NOT typically a consideration?

answer

Liability

question

Individuals who have coverage under the Medicare Program include:

answer

All of the Above

question

Many of those who are uninsured:

answer

All of the Above

question

Medicaid provides coverage for low-income individuals who

answer

All of the above

question

Medicaid spending increases are the result of:

answer

A & C

question

Medicare includes coverage of all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Mental health care under Part E

question

Medicare spending has increased as a result of:

answer

B , C , & D

question

Private health insurance coverage includes the following types:

answer

All of the Above

question

Problems associated with the care of active military personnel and retirees include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Access to medical centers in major metropolitan areas

question

The growth in health insurance in the U.S. came about as a result of:

answer

All of the Above

question

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement & Modernization Act of 2003 includes provisions to:

answer

All of the Above

question

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes provisions for the following:

answer

All of the Above

question

The primary reason that healthcare managers should be concerned about healthcare financing and health insurance is:

answer

All of the above

question

The TRICARE military healthcare system provides coverage for

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is characteristic of the way the uninsured utilize the health care system?

answer

They delay seeking care, eventually ending up in emergency rooms

question

Which type of HMO offers the most flexibility for participating physicians?

answer

Independent Practice Association

question

Which type of managed care offers patients flexibility in accessing their physician of choice?

answer

A & B above

question

Who bears the costs of providing care to the uninsured?

answer

Everyone, including all of the above

question

True or False? Catastrophic health insurance coverage is the most commonly purchased type of health insurance today

answer

False

question

True or False? Changes in the extent to which individuals have health insurance coverage in times of economic downturn tend to be absorbed by private health plans, rather than public ones.

answer

False

question

True or False? Comprehensive health insurance coverage typically includes hospital coverage, but not physician services.

answer

False

question

True or False? Elderly Medicaid beneficiaries account for the majority of the program's spending.

answer

True

question

True or False? Enrollment in conventional indemnity health insurance plans has increased in the past 15 years.

answer

False

question

True or False? Funding for the Medicare Program is derived only from federal taxes.

answer

False

question

True or False? Health insurance policies have not used lifetime limits to control total exposure for the costs of care.

answer

False

question

True or False? Medicaid and Medicare are private insurance programs administered by the federal government

answer

False

question

True or False? Medicaid is a federally-mandated program that is administered by the states.

answer

True

question

True or False? Medicaid programs are uniform across the states.

answer

False

question

True or False? Public sources of funding accounted for slightly less than half of all expenditures for health care in 2008.

answer

True

question

True or False? Risk is a concept in health insurance that involves a group sharing the costs of losses incurred by the members of the insurance pool.

answer

True

question

True or False? The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services project that health spending will be 30% of GDP by 2012.

answer

False

question

True or False? The health plans provided for under Part C of Medicare are sometimes referred to as Medicare Advantage (MA) plans.

answer

True

question

True or False? The majority of the uninsured population is comprised of adults aged 35 and older.

answer

False

question

True or False? The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 calls for changes that will impact insurers, businesses, consumers, and healthcare providers.

answer

True

question

True or False? The VA has programs that cover children with certain birth defects born to female Vietnam Veterans.

answer

True

question

True or False? The Veterans Health Administration is the largest health care system in the world.

answer

True

question

True or False? The Veterans Health Administration is the largest health care system in the world.

answer

True

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