question

Just as health problems can create impediments to success in life, improving your health can lead to better performance, greater ____ success, more satisfaction, and more ____ in living. (3)

answer

.Academic, career, relationship, joy

question

Another benefit of healthful choices is that they increase your _________________________________ ; that is, the number of years of full health you enjoy, without disability, chronic pain, or significant illness. (3-4)

answer

Healthy life expectancy

question

Our current model of _______ has broadened from a focus on the individual physical body to an understanding of health as a reflection not only of ourselves and our mental and emotional well-being, but also the health and safety of our communities. (4)

answer

Health

question

Individual _________ can help you attain, maintain, or regain good health, or they can deteriorate your health and promote disease. (8)

answer

Behaviors

question

When it comes to your health and well-being, it is best to be ______ instead of ______ . (notes)

answer

Proactive, reactive

question

Health is not merely the ________ of disease or infirmity but a state of complete _____, ______, and well being. (Concept of Health online lesson)

answer

------, physical, mental, social

question

Define infectious communicable disease. (Concept of Health online lesson)

answer

a disease causing pathogen that can be spread person to person

question

The _______ are the greatest source of infectious disease transmission. (notes)

answer

hands

question

What are the six links in the "Chain of Infection?" (Concept of Health online lesson)

answer

pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mean of transmission, portal of entry, new host

question

_______, disease-causing agents, are everywhere. We inhale them, swallow them, rub them in our eyes, and are constantly in a hidden, high-stakes battle with them. (p. 397)

answer

pathogens

question

Historically, infectious diseases have wiped out whole groups of people through _______ such as the Black Death, or bubonic plague, which killed up to one-third of the population of Europe in the 1300s. _______, or global epidemics, continue to cause premature death throughout the world. (p. 397)

answer

epidemics, pandemics

question

The more easily pathogens can gain a foothold in the body and sustain themselves, the more _________ they may be in causing disease. (p. 397)

answer

virulent

question

Too much _______, inadequate ______, a low-____ level, lack of ________, misuse or abuse of_____ , poor personal ________ , and high-risk_______ significantly increase the risk for many diseases. (p. 397-8)

answer

stress, nutrition, fitness, sleep, drugs, hygiene, behavior

question

To gain entry into your body, pathogens must overcome _______ that prevent them from entering your body, mechanisms that _________ organisms, and substances that ________ the threat that these organisms pose. (p. 398)

answer

barriers, weaken, counteract

question

Your body's first line of defense and one of the most critical barriers between you and an infectious agent is your _______ . (p. 399)

answer

skin

question

Any substance capable of triggering an immune response—a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, a toxin, or a tissue or cell from another organism—is called an ________.

answer

antigen

question

When invaded by antigens, the body forms substances called _________that mark them for destruction. (p. 399)

answer

antibodies

question

Improper use and overuse of antibiotics can lead to ______ and the development of "super bugs." (p. 400)

answer

resistance

question

Once people have survived certain infectious diseases, they will likely not develop them again, thanks to ___ cells. (p.402)

answer

antibody

question

The advent of ________ has been recognized as one of the most monumental developments in modern medical history because they allow the person to acquire immunity without ever becoming ill. (p. 402)

answer

vaccines

question

Of the several thousand known species of bacteria, only over _______cause disease in humans. (p. 403)

answer

100

question

A person can be __________ and then spread the infection to others, yet never develop the disease. (p. 404)

answer

colonized

question

The reasons for ________ far outweigh any arguments against them. (p. 405)

answer

vaccination

question

________ diseases can be difficult to treat because many can withstand heat, formaldehyde, and large doses of radiation with little effect on their structure. Some have __________ (the length of time required to develop fully and cause symptoms in their hosts) that last for years, which delays diagnosis. (p. 407)

answer

viral, incubation periods

question

Viruses are unique in that they must invade a _____ to replicate. (p. 407

answer

host cells

question

Colds are ______, held in check until immune defenses are weakened. (p. 407)

answer

endemic

question

Treatment for influenza is only ______, meaning you can only treat the symptoms. (p. 407)

answer

palliative

question

The CDC recommends everyone over the age of 6 months get the _____vaccine annually

answer

flu

question

Fungal diseases typically transmit via physical contact, so avoid going __________ in public showers, hotel rooms, and other areas where fungus may be present. (p. 408)

answer

barefoot

question

When it comes to reducing your risk of developing chronic disease(s), ___________ is key because it is easier to _________ behaviors now than have to _____ behaviors later. (notes)

answer

awareness, moderate, eliminate

question

The American Heart Association (AHA) has begun to focus more on _______rather than mortality rates and the disease process. ICH is defined as the absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the simultaneous presence of the following seven behavioral and health factor metrics: (p. 355)

answer

ideal cardiovascular health

question

Behaviors: • Not ______ • Sufficient ________ • A healthy ______ program • An appropriate _________ and normal _____

answer

smoking, physical activity, diet, energy balance, body weight

question

Health Factors: • Having optimal total _________ without medication • Having optimal _________ without medication • Having optimal fasting _______ without medication

answer

cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose

question

Clearly, the best defense against CVD is to reduce your _____ and ________ it from developing in the first place. (p. 356)

answer

risks, prevent

question

Hypertension is known as a ________ because it has few clear symptoms. (p. 358)

answer

silent killer

question

The underlying cause of many cardiovascular health problems is __________________ . (p. 358)

answer

arteriosclerosis

question

Of all forms of cardiovascular disease, ________ is the greatest killer and can lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction). (p. 359)

answer

coronary heart disease

question

The earlier a stroke is recognized and treatment is started (best results are seen if treatment begins within the first 2 hours), the more effective treatment will be. The four keys in recognizing a stroke can be remembered with the acronym F.A.S.T. What does each letter stand for? (p. 361) • F = • A = • S = • T =

answer

facial droop, arm drift, speech, time

question

What group of conditions makes up the metabolic syndrome, which together increases a person's risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes? (p. 362)

answer

obesity, high blood fat, low HDL, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose

question

Your _____ and ______ lifestyle choices may haunt you as you enter your middle and later years in life. Behaviors you choose _______ and over the coming decades can actively _______ or _________your risk for CVD. (p. 362)

answer

past, future, today, reduce promote

question

Jessica engages in several health-risk behaviors, including smoking, lack of physical activity, and poor diet. If she chooses to change only one of these behaviors, which change will have the biggest impact on reducing her risk of developing a chronic disease? (p. 362)

answer

smoking

question

You've probably heard that ________ in moderation can reduce your risk of CVD. Research initially seemed to support this claim. However, newer research has been _____ . Considering that alcohol consumption increases chance of injury and raises the risk of certain cancers, you may want to rethink "_____ ." (p. 363)

answer

red wine, conflicting, "a drink a day keeps doctor away"

question

High levels of_______ cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. (p. 363)

answer

good

question

In general, the higher your _________ , the greater is your risk for CVD. Treatment for hypertension can involve_______ , medication, ________ , controlling ________, and getting enough _______ . (p. 364)

answer

LDL, ---,---,---, sleep

question

_____ shaped people who are thicker around their upper body and waist are more at risk for cardiovascular disease than ______ shaped people who are thicker around their hips and thighs. (p. 364)

answer

Apple, pear

question

List some examples of heart-healthy super foods. (p. 365)

answer

Fish(high in omega 3), olive oil, whole grain/fiber, plant sterols, nuts, chocolate, and green tea

question

Newer research has focused on studying the interactions between _______ and _________ (nutrigenetics) and the role that diet may play in increasing or decreasing risks among certain genetic profiles. (p. 365)

answer

Nutrition, genes

question

Damage to the lining of the arteries initiates an _____ response at the damaged site and a cry for help to the body to repair it. Repeated damage and repair can end up _____ blood flow, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. (p. 366)

answer

Blood clot, blocking

question

________ is exceeded only by heart disease as the greatest killer in the United States. (p. 367)

answer

Cancer

question

The process by which cancer spreads from one area to different areas of the body is called _________ . (368)

answer

Metastasis

question

By the time they are diagnosed,______ tumors have frequently _________ through the body, making treatment extremely difficult. (368)

answer

Malignant, metastasized

question

A _____ to the genetic material of a skin cell triggers cell division and changes cell formation, resulting in a tumor. (p. 369)

answer

Mutation, abnormal, cancerous

question

Causes of cancer are generally divided into two categories of risk factors: _________ and __________ . (p. 369)

answer

Hereditary, acquired

question

Over the years, researchers have found that diet, a sedentary lifestyle, ___________ , tobacco use, and stress play a key role in the incidence of cancer. (p. 370)

answer

Overconsumption alcohol

question

Cancers are grouped into four broad categories based on the ______ of tissue from which each arise. What are they? (p. 373) •_______: epithelial tissues (tissues covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities). •_____: mesodermal, or middle layers of tissue—for example, in bones, muscles, and general connective tissue. •______: lymphatic system—the infection-fighting regions of the body. •_____: blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and sleen.

answer

Type Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas Leukemia

question

_____ cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths for both men and women in the United States. (p. 373)

answer

Lung

question

When evaluating skin for changes in moles, what does A.B.C.D. stand for? (p. 376-7) • A = • B = • C = • D =

answer

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter

question

A woman who began to have sex at an early age may be at risk for _________ cancer. (p. 378)

answer

Cervical

question

The _______cancer is diagnosed, the better the prospect for______ . (p. 379)

answer

Earlier, survival

question

_________ is the fastest-growing chronic disease ever to affect Americans. (p. 387)

answer

Diabetes

question

Studies have shown that people with pre-diabetes can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes by up to 58% through _______ changes, including modest weight loss through a healthy diet and regular exercise. (p. 393)

answer

Lifestyle

question

Losing ______% of body weight can cause significant reductions in blood glucose levels and help prevent diabetes. (p. 393)

answer

5-7

question

You may think you are too young to worry about developing _______, but the statistics say otherwise. In the past decade, cases of type 2 diabetes in people under the age of 20 have risen to the ________. Overall, the risk of death among people with diabetes is about ______that of people of similar age without diabetes. (p. 393)

answer

diabetes, tens of thousands, twice

question

We need about 30 grams of _______ per day, but the average American only gets about 11 grams per day. (Healthy Eating online lesson)

answer

fiber

question

The average American consumes about 200 pounds of a year, with most of not coming from natural food sources, but from___________ . (Healthy Eating online lesson)

answer

packaged foods and sodas

question

The biggest single source of sugar in the American diets is_________ . (Healthy Eating online lesson)

answer

Soda

question

Most people in the United Sates don't know true ______ —most of us eat because of our ________ , a learned psychological desire to consume food. (p. 260)

answer

Hunger, appetite

question

Individual needs for water vary drastically according to dietary factors, age, size, overall health, environmental temperature and humidity levels, and exercise. The general recommendations for daily water intake are approximately ______cups for the average woman and ___ cups for the average man. (p. 262)

answer

9,13

question

________are perhaps the most misunderstood of the body's required nutrients. (p. 265)

answer

Fat

question

_______, which make up about 95 percent of total body fat, are the most common form of fat in foods. When we consume too many calories from ________ source, the liver converts the excess into _________, which are stored throughout our bodies. (p. 266)

answer

Triglycerides, any, triglycerides

question

Seen in the ingredients list of food labels as partially hydrogenated oils in products like crackers, cookies, and coffee creamers, ______ fats pose the highest risks for obesity and heart disease as they raise bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol levels. (p. 267)

answer

Trans

question

What are some good sources of healthy fats? (p. 267)

answer

Use peanut, olive, or soy oil and fat fish twice a feek

question

How do you know if you are eating healthy? How do you judge the quality of your diet? A good place to start is with the 2010 ___________________________ . They are designed to help bridge the gap between the standard American diet and the key recommendations that aim to combat the growing obesity epidemic by balancing calories with adequate physical activity. (p. 275-6)

answer

Diatary guidelines for americans

question

According to "My Plate," meat and other protein foods should fill a ______ of your plate.

answer

25%

question

MyPlate encourages consumers to eat for health through three general areas of recommendation: (p. 276) 1)_____ calories: -________ your food, but eat - Avoid ________ portions 2)_______ foods: - Make _______ your plate fruits and vegetables - Make at least half your grains - Switch to ______ or __% milk 3)______ foods: - Compare _____ in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals—and choose the foods with lower numbers. - Drink _______ instead of sugary drinks.

answer

Balance, less, oversized, incerese, half, whole, fat free/1%, reduce, sodium, water

question

Foods that contain mainly fat and/or sugar and have little or no nutritional value, such as ice cream and soda, are said to consist of _______ and lead to unwanted weight gain. (p. 277)

answer

Empty calories

question

If you want to eat healthier, it is important that you always _______ what you are putting in your body and you make _________ -dense food choices. (notes and p. 277)

answer

Know, nutrient

question

T or F: All calories are created equal. (p. 277)

answer

False

question

MyPlate recommends we limit ______- and______ -laden items as part of a healthy diet. (p. 277)

answer

Sugar, fat

question

Strive to be physically active for at least ___________, preferably with moderate to vigorous activity levels on most days. (p. 277)

answer

30 min a day

question

Many college students find it hard to fit a well-balanced meal into the day, but eating _____ and ______ are important if you are to keep energy levels up and get the most out of your classes. Eating a complete breakfast that includes ____________ carbohydrates, , and healthy, __________ fat (such as a banana, peanut butter, and whole grain bread sandwich or a dry fruit and nut mix without added sugar or salt) is key. (p. 281)

answer

breakfast, lunch, complex, protein, unsaturated

question

______ is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, but ______ is rapidly gaining ground. (p. 292)

answer

Smoking, obesity

question

Poor ______ and physical ________ continue to be major contributing factors to the overweight/obesity problem in America. (p. 293)

answer

Eating, activity

question

________ factors have come to play a large role in weight maintenance. Time our grandparents may have spent going for a walk after dinner is now more frequently devoted to watching television, playing video games, viewing social media, etc. (p. 297)

answer

Environmental

question

Although heredity, metabolism, and environment all have an impact on weight management, the increasingly high rate of overweight and obesity in the past decades is largely due to the way we _______ . (p. 298)

answer

Live our lives

question

If you exercise, it is best not to use _________ as a means in assessing your health risk because it doesn't differentiate fat weight from fat free (muscle) weight. (p. 300)

answer

BMI

question

A BMI of __ to __ indicates overweight and ____ or above is classified at obese, which pose significant health risks. (p. 300)

answer

25-29,30

question

A waistline greater than __ inches in men and ___ inches in women may be particularly indicative of greater health risk. (p. 302)

answer

40,35

question

A ________ ratio greater than 1 in men and .8 in women indicates increased health risks. (p. 302)

answer

waist-to-hip

question

Generally, men who exceed _______ percent body fat and women who exceed ____ percent are considered overweight, but these ranges vary with age and stages of life. (p. 302)

answer

22,35

question

There is no ____ cure for years of overconsumption. Careful attention to _____ , ________ choices from of the food groups, and regular ______ are the best options for sustained weight loss. (p. 303)

answer

magic, portions, healthy, all, exercise

question

Before you can change a behavior, you must first determine what ________ it. Identify at least 3 triggers that pertain to you. (p. 304-305) Weight loss is difficult for many people and may require lots of __________, as well as __________ friends, relatives, and __________ resources. (p. 308)

answer

causes, effort, supportive, community

question

What are the 3 keys to successful weight management? (p. 309)

answer

make plan, change your habits, incorporate exercise

question

Having a healthy ________ is a key indicator of self-esteem and can contribute to reduced ______ , an increase sense of personal _________ , and more ____ living. (p. 318)

answer

body image, stress, empowerment, joyful

question

People with ____________ disorder may try to fix their perceived flaws through abuse of steroids, excessive body building, repeated cosmetic surgeries, extreme tattooing, or other appearance-altering behaviors. (p. 321)

answer

body dysmorphic

question

An individual with an eating disorder may also have other _____________, which is another reason why professional help is often needed. (p. 324)

answer

psychiatric

question

Although they lose weight, people with anorexia nervosa never seem to feel __________ enough and constantly identify body parts that are too ________. (p. 324)

answer

thin, fat

question

Because eating disorders are caused by a combination of many factors, there are _______ _______ solutions. Without treatment, _______ percent of people with a serious eating disorder will die from it. (p. 326)

answer

no quick or simple, 20

question

When talking to a friend you suspect has an eating disorder or disordered eating patterns, avoid casting _______ , _________ , or offering unsolicited advice. Instead, be a good listener, let the person know that you care, and offer your __________. (p. 326)

answer

blame, preaching, support

question

Regular participation in physical activity improves more than ______ different physiological, metabolic, and psychological aspects of human life. (p. 331)

answer

50

question

In addition to reducing your risk of ___________ diseases, becoming physical fit has many immediate benefits. It can help improve your physical appearance and sense of ________ , boost your ________ to diseases like colds and flus, reduce your __________ level, improve your _________ , and help you _________. (p. 331)

answer

chronic, self-esteem, resistance, stress, sleep, concentrate

question

In addition to the calories expended during physical activity, being regularly physically active has a direct positive effect on __________ , keeping it elevated for several hours following vigorous physical activities. (333)

answer

metabolic rate

question

_________ exercise, the primary category of physical activity known to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, improves the functioning of the _______,__________, and ______. (334)

answer

aerobic, heart, lungs, blood vessels

question

The most successful physical activity program is one that you _______ and is ______ and _________ for your skill level and needs. (p. 340)

answer

enjoy, realistic, appropriate

HEALTH 1000 test 2

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards