HDFS: Chapter 8 Summative Quiz – Flashcards
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Older children tend to choose best friends: a) whose interests are different from but compatible with their own. b) who are viewed as among the more popular in the group. c) whose interests, values, and backgrounds are similar to their own. d) who are viewed as physically attractive.
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C
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Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of: a) inferiority. b) crisis. c) industry. d) latency.
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D
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School-age children thrive if the family: a) is not able to provide stability and security. b) has more than one child. c) nurtures peer relationships. d) encourages dependence.
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C
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The rarest family structure is: a) homosexual. b) grandparents alone. c) foster. d) polygamous.
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D
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Which factor(s) increase(s) the likelihood that a family will be dysfunctional? a)low stability b) All of these answers are correct. c) low harmony d) low income
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B
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For children, pride in one's own group: a) does not necessarily lead to prejudice. b) leads to prejudice if the parents show prejudice. c) leads to prejudice against other groups. d) is a result of prejudice.
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A
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Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n): a) aggressive-rejected child. b) neglected child. c) withdrawn-rejected child. d) aggressive-withdrawn child.
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A
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Research suggests that a middle-school child who is anxious, stressed, and has low self-esteem also tends to experience: a) lower academic achievement. b) higher academic achievement. c) increased depression. d) improved self-esteem.
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A
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Victims can sometimes stop a bully by: a) ignoring or defusing the confrontation. b) retaliating. c) avoiding the bully. d) All of these answers are correct.
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D
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If a child who is rejected by his or her parents establishes a closer relationship with another adult, that child is making a(n) ______________ adaptation. a) dynamic b) significant c) positive d) effortful
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C
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Toward the end of middle childhood, ________ decreases. a) self-esteem b) self-consciousness c) self-criticism d) self-regulation
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A
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As a result of concrete thought and peer experiences, children move from the: a) postconventional to the preconventional level of moral reasoning. b) conventional to the postconventional level of moral reasoning. c) conventional to the preconventional level of moral reasoning. d) preconventional to the conventional level of moral reasoning.
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B
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The capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress is known as: a) industry. b) resilience. c) self-esteem. d) stability.
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B
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A characteristic of the culture of children may be that: a) they tend to make higher grades in school. b) they spout curses, accents, and slang. c) ethnic and racial prejudices are prevalent. d) attitudes toward parents improve.
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B
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Children who attack others and who are attacked as well are referred to as: a) proactive victims. b) bully-victims. c) victims. d) bullies.
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B
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According to your text, 69 percent of all families with children aged six to 11: a) are harmonious and stable. b) have one parent. c) are chronically poor. d) have two parents.
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D
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Which factor(s) increase(s) the likelihood that a family will be dysfunctional? a) low stability b) low income c) low harmony d) All of these answers are correct.
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D
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According to Erikson, if eight-year-old Kristina does not solve the psychosocial conflict of stage four, she will come to view herself as: a) competent. b) self-regulating. c) inferior. d) industrious.
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C
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Family structure refers to: a) how well a family raises its children. b) legal and genetic relationships of family members. c) the way a family works to meet the needs of its members. d) the measurement of family harmony.
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B
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The term for the particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society is: a) a child society. b) childhood segregation. c) child culture. d) a values clash.
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C
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During middle school, a child's self-concept: a) mirrors his or her parents' perspective. b) becomes tied to his or her older, same-sex sibling. c) is no longer tied to his or her parents' perspective. d) becomes tied to his or her teachers' perspective.
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C
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Which of the following is TRUE of resilience? a) A child experiencing minor stressors is considered resilient. b) Resilience is dynamic. c) Resilience is a stable trait. d) Resilience is defined as the absence of pathology.
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B
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The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is: a) Kohlberg. b) Freud. c) Erikson. d) Piaget.
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A
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A crucial factor necessary for school-age children to thrive is: a) harmony and stability in the home. b) adequate education. c) a quiet home even if there are numerous relocations. d) siblings that are close in age.
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A
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Research on the temperaments of identical twins supports the finding that: a) antisocial behavior is the sole product of genetic inheritance. b) a mother's attitudes toward her twins are one factor that may influence behavior. c) personality traits are innate and are NOT influenced by the environment. d) the behavior of identical twins is NOT influenced by a mother's attitudes.
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B
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Boys who bully tend to: a) bully girls. b) use relational aggression. c) use indirect methods. d) use physical aggression.
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D
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Children who move and change neighborhoods in middle childhood: a) usually are not happy. b) enjoy new friends. c) do better in school. d) find it easy to adjust.
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A
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Girls who bully tend to use ______ aggression. a) instrumental b) relational c) physical d) hostile
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B
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One interesting aspect of the culture of children is that: a) learning a second language is difficult. b) a sense of fairness and justice is too elaborate during the school years. c) gender stereotypes and gender segregation are strongly maintained. d) racial and ethnic prejudice is prevalent during the school years.
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C
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Fourth-grader Emma announces to her mother, "I am the fastest runner in my class but not in the entire school." Emma is engaging in: a) peer rejection. b) jealousy. c) social comparison. d) peer superiority.
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C
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An influence on a middle-school child's sense of morality is: a) the development of empathy. b) peer culture and personal experience. c) intellectual maturity. d) All of these answers are correct.
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D
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According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are: a) homosexuality and divorce. b) cohabitation and low income. c) financial stress and lack of marital commitment. d) low income and low stability.
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D
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As they grow older, many bullies: a) outgrow the tendency to bully. b) become increasingly cruel. c) become class leaders. d) start feeling empathy for their victims
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B
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Family ____________ refers to the legal and genetic relationships of related people living together, and family ____________ refers to the way a family works to care for its members. a) genetics; environment b) nucleus; roles c) function; structure d) structure; function
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D
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During the ______, Freud believed that children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet. a) industry stage b) latency stage c) genital stage d) phallic stage
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B
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A review of research on successful ways to halt bullying found that: a) elementary-school children should be allowed to solve problems on their own. b) the whole school must change, not just the identified bullies. c) security guards should be assigned to watch over elementary-school children. d) troubled students are best helped by group therapy.
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B
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Daily hassles: a) have no cumulative effect on coping. b) affect adults but not children. c) can have a cumulative effect on children. d) strengthen coping ability.
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C
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Family income can have a positive or negative effect on the family, but what is important is: a) whether or not there is adequate food, clothing, and shelter. b) how happy the children are. c) whether or not the income increases stress on the family. d) whether the family is a nuclear or a blended family.
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C
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The ability to understand human interactions is called: a) effortful control. b) latency. c) social cognition. d) resilience.
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C
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The __________ model examines crucial questions about the effect of risk factors on the family. a) high-risk b) stress c) risk-stress d) family-stress
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D
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As children are developing an industrious self-concept, they may: a) stay healthy. b) find refuge in their imaginary world. c) develop friends, activities, and skills. d) have good effort control.
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C
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Because Iris thinks that it is moral to break the law in some circumstances, Kohlberg would place her moral reasoning at the: a) social contract stage. b) concrete level. c) "good girl" stage. d) conventional level.
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A
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As friendships change during the school years, children are most likely to: a) find it easier to make friends. b) change friends more often. c) realize that friendships are not important. d) demand more of their friends.
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A
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Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of: a) bullying. b) intolerant social functioning. c) aggressive-rejection. d) harassment.
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A
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The most common type of family structure for U.S. children aged six to 11 is: a) nuclear. b) blended. c) single-parent. d) stepparent.
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A
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Which of the following is a characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children? a) They regulate their emotions. b) They tend to misinterpret social situations. c) They correctly interpret social situations. d) They are dominant and aggressive.
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B
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Which of the following may describe a child in Erikson's fourth stage? a) John has difficulty making friends. b) Jill avoids learning new skills. c) Gustavo is struggling with his identity. d) Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.
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D
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Research has shown that children develop their own standards of right and wrong, guided by: a) peers only. b) culture only. c) peers, parents, and culture. d) parents only.
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C
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Psychosocially, one of the most important tasks of a middle-school child is to: a) learn how to obey parents and teachers. b) learn how to get along with peers. c) develop good study habits. d) develop a mild temperament.
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B
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A family in which both parents have offspring from earlier relationships is called a(n) ____________ family. a) blended b) single-parent c) extended d) mended
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A
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An example of a shared environmental influence within a family is: a) friends outside the home. b) siblings raised together in the same home. c) teachers at school. d) extracurricular activities.
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B
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Ideally, social comparison helps children to: a) harbor their imaginary self-evaluation. b) value their own abilities. c) become jealous and resentful of others. d) develop stronger relationships with their parents.
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B
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According to research, the most popular young children are: a) funny and energetic. b) kind and cooperative. c) shy and kind. d) kind and hard-working.
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B
