question

Which of the following factors does NOT explain the environmental diversity of Europe?

answer

El Niño

question

Which part of Europe is the region's unquestionable focus of intensive agriculture, large cities, and major industrial activities?

answer

The European Lowland

question

How does the environment of Eastern Europe compare to that of Western Europe?

answer

The environment in Eastern Europe was much more polluted than that of Western Europe, until recent efforts to rectify the situation, with the help of the European Union.

question

What are the current impacts of climate change in Europe?

answer

- Sea ice is dwindling. - There is sparse snow cover in arctic Scandinavia - There are frequent droughts in the water-starved Mediterranean region.

question

Probably the most striking characteristic of Europe's demography is

answer

The lack of natural growth

question

"One of narrow, winding streets, crowded with three- or four-story masonry buildings with little setback from the street." This describes which of the following?

answer

The medieval landscape

question

One of the major characteristics of Europe's population and settlement patterns is its high level of

answer

Urbanization

question

Which European Romance language contains many Slavic words?

answer

Romanian

question

Besides the division between western and eastern churches, the other great split within Christianity occurred between

answer

Catholicism and Protestantism.

question

What is the word for a state policy of reclaiming lost lands or lands inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another state?

answer

Irredentism

question

From 1945 until 1990, Europe was divided into two geopolitical and economic blocs, east and west, separated by the infamous

answer

Iron Curtain

question

The term ________ is used to describe the geopolitical processes of small scale independence movements based upon ethnic fault lines.

answer

Balkanization

question

What is the word for an array of nonaligned or friendly states that cushion or protect a larger country from invasion, as happened with the former Soviet Union and its Eastern European neighbors?

answer

Buffer zone

question

Economic cooperation in Western Europe at the end of World War I centered on what commodity (commodities)?

answer

Coal and steel

question

Which of the following languages is NOT Germanic?

answer

Basque

question

The long history of human settlement has transformed and modified Europe's natural landscapes in fundamental ways over thousands of years.

answer

True

question

Because most European governments consider low or no population growth an economic and social liability, programs and policies have arisen to promote population growth, ranging from attempts to ban abortion and the sale of contraceptives to what are commonly called "family-friendly" policies.

answer

True

question

The Schengen Agreement paved the way for the reunification of East and West Germany.

answer

False

question

The collapse of the Soviet Union played a key role in the recent surge of immigration to European countries

answer

True

question

Despite the visibility of female political leaders and the fact that Europe is considered one of the most developed regions of the world, gender equity issues persist in government, business, and domestic life.

answer

True

question

Historically, Europe spread its cultures worldwide through aggressive colonialization.

answer

True

question

As the acknowledged birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, Europe in many ways invented the modern economic system of industrial capitalism

answer

True

question

Western Europe has historically been less developed economically than its eastern counterpart.

answer

False

question

Two fundamental innovations associated with industrial revolution is machinery and inanimate energy resources.

answer

True

question

Europe does not have strong ties to surrounding seas.

answer

False

question

What is the greatest potential environmental threat to Oceania?

answer

Climate change

question

Why have countries of Oceania been major supporters of the conventions to limit the production of greenhouse gases?

answer

Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to global temperature increase and as sea levels rise, many of the Pacific islands will be drowned if global temperatures continue to increase

question

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

answer

Off the northeastern coast of Australia

question

Which of the following environmental problems is NOT a major issue in Australia/Oceania?

answer

Wide-scale burning of forests after they have been cleared is creating smoke pollution

question

What is the "Outback"?

answer

Australia's huge, dry interior

question

What land form dominates much of New Zealand?

answer

Volcanic mountains

question

What landform and/or vegetation pattern dominates in Australia?

answer

Deserts

question

Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the least amount of precipitation?

answer

The interior of Australia

question

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the climates of New Zealand?

answer

Rivers

question

What part of Australia/Oceania is most susceptible to tsunami hazards?

answer

Papua New Guinea

question

An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT

answer

A high central peak

question

What event sets off the process that creates an atoll?

answer

Volcanic eruption

question

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by

answer

An active hot spot beneath the moving Pacific Plate

question

Which country of the region of Australia and Oceania signed the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, leaving the U.S. as the only industrialized country that has not signed the agreement

answer

Australia

question

What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species?

answer

The accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake

question

New Zealand is the largest country (in terms of land area) in the region encompassing Australia and Oceania

answer

False

question

Deserts dominate in Australia

answer

True

question

Volcanic mountains dominate much of New Zealand

answer

True

question

High islands are present throughout much of Oceania

answer

True

question

High islands receive less rainfall and often experience water shortage

answer

False

question

Papua New Guinea is very susceptible to tsunami hazards

answer

True

question

Australia and Oceania are defined by shared elements of indigenous and colonial history

answer

True

question

Desertification is not one of the environmental issues in Australia

answer

False

question

Global warming impacts only will be noticed in low-lying islands

answer

False

question

New Zealand consists of two islands

answer

True

question

Kyoto Protocol

answer

European Union established collective goals of emission reductions while still promoting growth and industrial development

question

What is the Schengen Agreement?

answer

This is an agreement that was established in 1985 to permit the free movement of people and goods within Europe. Members to the agreement do not have to be members of the European Union; nor do members of the EU have to be members of the Schengen Agreement.

question

Name the three stages of historical urban development still commonly found in European urban landscapes.

answer

Medieval - 900 to 1500 renaissance/baroque - 1500 to 1800 industrial - 1800 to modern

question

What factors must be considered in describing eastern Europe's postwar economic geography?

answer

A key factor to be considered is the fact that most eastern European states have to undergo a transition from a socialist-based economy to a capitalist-based economy. Other key factors include the possibly membership to the European Union and/or the European Monetary Union.

question

Balkanization

answer

describe geopolitical processes of small-scale independence movements based on ethnic fault lines—term originated because of events in the Balkans.

question

buffer zone

answer

consisted of extensive bloc of satellite countries, along borders between 'east' and 'west', military forces stood guard. bordering countries 'cushioned' something else from invasions.

question

List the pro-growth policies in Europe aimed at increasing the natural growth rate?

answer

- Full-pay maternity and paternity leaves - Extensive child-care facilities; - Cash subsidies - Free or low-cost public education and job training

question

How are atolls and barrier reefs formed?

answer

Barrier reefs are formed through the growth of coral in shallow areas surrounding islands. Atolls are formed as an extinct volcano erodes, coral reefs expand, and sand spits are established surrounding a central lagoon.

question

What are Australia and Oceania environmental issues?

answer

Desertification in Australia. Introduction of the brown tree snake Many islands are vulnerable to see level rise Tropical forest deforestation in the Islands

question

Breifly explain Oceania environment?

answer

Much of Melanesia and Polynesia is part of the seismically active Pacific Basin, thus volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis are common to these islands. Most of the islands originated from volcanic activity on ocean floor—larger active and recently active volcanoes form high islands. Many high islands are ringed by coral reefs that grow in shallow waters near shore. Many Pacific islands receive abundant precipitation and the high islands are noted for heavy rainfall and dense tropical forests. Low-lying atolls usually receive less rainfall and often experience water shortages.

question

Briefly describe the current pattern of regional differences in the economic and social geography of Europe

answer

There are remarkable regional differences in the social and economic levels of European countries. Historically, western countries have exhibited higher levels of economic growth and development, and more equitable levels of social indicators as compared to eastern European countries; southern European countries, likewise, have generally fared poorer than western European countries. In recent years, however, some western countries have endured economic hardships.

question

Briefly describe Australian and New Zealand Environments

answer

New Zealand consists of rolling foothills and rugged mountains Three major landform regions dominate Australia's physical geography: The Western Plateau The Interior Lowland Basins, The forested and mountainous East Coast. Off the eastern coast lay the Great Barrier Reef. New Zealand is volcanic in origin and consists of two main islands: The North Island, The South Island. Pacific Ring of Fire

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