GLY1102 Topic 35, GLY1102 Topic 37, gly 1102 topic 36

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Ichthyosaurs were extinct when Mosasaurs evolved.
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True
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Ichthyosarus preceded dinosaurs by some 20-30 million years.
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True
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As with other plesiosaurs, the Pliosaurs also had large eyes, slightly forward, giving them overlapping fields of vision and the depth perception that comes with it.
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True
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Based upon the size of ichthyosaurs, it is estimated as capable of diving to a depth of 600 meters and coming back to the surface in 20 minutes.
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True
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The geologic range of mosasaurs is restricted to what period?
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Cretaceous
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Like turtles, ichthyosaurs were egg-layers.
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False
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The sclerotic ring is a doughnut-shaped bone surrounding the ____.
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Eye
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Ichthyosaurs have short arms with strong limb girdles used for swimming.
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False
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Some have likened this marine reptile to being a sauropod of the deep because of its long neck.
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Elasmosaurus
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Plesiosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous (same time as dinosaurs).
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True
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Propulsion of mosasaurs through the water was accomplished by ____.
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Undulation of the eel-like tail
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Skulls of some mosasaurs were found with a ____, a scent sniffer used by snakes and lizards.
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Jacobson's organ
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The ancestry of ichthyosaurs is uncertain but they most likely are related to the ____, a group including dinosaurs, birds, pterosaurs, lizards, snakes, etc.
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Diapsids
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Fossil evidence reveals that some mosasaurs were cannibalistic.
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True
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Elasmosaurs had large skulls and short necks
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False
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Swimming propulsion of plesiosaurs was provided by the ____.
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Giant paddles
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The diet of mosasaurs also inclined a great deal of squid-like cephalopods, particularly of the now extinct ammonites and belemnites.
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True
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The first ichthyosaurs appeared during the Middle Triassic.
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False
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Ichthyosaur fossils have been found on most continents.
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True
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All plesiosaurs had ___, or belly ribs, that interlocked and supported the belly.
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Gastralia
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The shortcoming of the volcanic hypothesis is that it fails to demonstrate the volume and type of volcanism could have accounted for the impact evidence and there can be little argument that a giant asteroid collided with Earth at precisely the time of the global extinctions.
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True
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The extinction of a species occurs when the last representative of the species is no longer capable of reproducing and dies, leaving only the fossil legacy of its time on Earth.
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True
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The fossil record reveals that the rate of extinction over a geologic history was not a uniform rate.
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True
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The Kuiper Cloud is a large, spherical cloud of comets surround the solar system.
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False
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Once the flash heating of the atmosphere by the terminal Cretaceous impact cooled, atmospheric temperatures would have risen because of the vast amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere blocking solar radiation from reaching the surface.
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False
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The fossil record reveals that extinctions typically involve all forms of life (invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, etc) at similar rates.
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False
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The Barringer Meteor Crater is a young (50,000 years old) crater located in this state.
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Arizona
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The greatest extinction (in percent of species extinct) in history occurred at the end of this period.
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Permian
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A rough estimate of the average duration of species prior to extinction is ______.
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About 2 million years
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The fossil record reveals that most species extinctions were caused by changes in the natural environment.
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True
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The comet head consists of a solid nucleus surround by a _____ up to 1.5 million miles in diameter.
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Nebulous coma
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______ are "dusty iceballs" of rock, frozen water, and organic compounds.
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Comets
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All dinosaurs became extinct at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.
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True
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Unlike the moon, Earth has a very active weathering process that over time remove the evidence of impacts, or at least make old ones very hard to recognize.
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True
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The most famous of all extinctions occurred at the end of the ____ and marks the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
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Cretaceous
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____ is a rare platinum group metal.
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Iridium
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The Deccan traps of India and Pakistan, southern Brazil, and the western US all show evidence of extensive volcanism at the time of the C/T boundary.
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True
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Microtekites are small, droplet-shaped silica glass cooled form molten material expelled form an impact crater.
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True
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The vast majority of asteroids in our solar system are found in the Asteroid Belt between Jupiter and Pluto.
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False
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In 1981, the geophysicist G. Penfield, found a bow-shaped depression near the Yucatan Peninsula town of Chicxulub tat he thought might be the C/T boundary impact crater.
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True
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All pterosaurs' skulls have huge eye sockets.
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true
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The 400-500 teeth in each jaw of Pterodaustro may have been used as a sieve for filtering out plankton scooped up into its mouth.
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true
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Most endotherms bear live young.
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true
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Ramphorhyncoids went extinct prior to the great extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.
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true
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In most pterosaurs, the scapula and coracoid are fused to form a
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scapulocoracoid
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Pterosaurs have a global distribution.
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true
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The pterosaurs diversified into several lineages during the Lower Triassic.
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false
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Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to develop flapping flight.
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true
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All pterosaurs lacked teeth.
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false
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The (blank) was a pterosaur membrane that extended from the fifth toe to the tail along the posterior edge of the leg.
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uropagatia
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Only endothermic animals have developed the ability to fly.
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true
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Which vertebrate animals were the first to be capable of powered flight?
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pterosaurs
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The shape of the deltopectoral crest is used to differentiate pterosaur clades.
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true
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The earliest pterosaurs are from the (blank) of Italy.
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Upper Triassic
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Some Rhamphorhynchus specimens have a membranous tail vane.
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true
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Which statement about pteranodons is false?
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They were all filter feeders. (True: They are toothless. They are the largest pterosaurs. They exhibit sexual dimorphism. They have global distribution.)
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A decrease in abundance and diversity of pterosaurs during the Cretaceous, most probably was caused by
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diversification of marine birds.
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There is no evidence that pterosaurs had body hair.
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false
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Pterosaurs have a small head, relative to body size.
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false
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There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.
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false
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Pteranodons are among those pterosaurs exhibiting a number of anatomical differences between the sexes.
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true
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The (blank) is a small membrane spanning the area between the shoulder and the wrist of pterosaurs.
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propatagium
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The main wing membrane of pterosaurs is the
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patagium.
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The pterosaur images in your text reveal that this South American country has a rich fossil record of these winged creatures.
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Brazil
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The pterosaur humerus has a large (blank), an anterior projection for the anchoring of flight muscles.
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deltopectoral crest
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