GLY 1102 Topic 3

___ is a detrital sedimentary rock formed by cementation of individual grains ranging in size from 1/16 to 3

Fossils are usually preserved in what kind of rocks

Unconsolidated sediments (ec, mud) are turned into sedimentary rocks (eg, shale) by a process called

Conglomerates and breccias are distinguished from each other on the basis of ___ their course fragments are

___ differs from limestone in that some of the calcium has been replaced by magnesium changing it to magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2

___ is an important process in lithification causing a reduction in the pore space between unconsolidated grains in the sediment

Shale differs from mudstone by breaking into small pieces along bedding planes. This breakage charactristic is called ___

___ is the most common chemical sedimentary rock

The two principal types of sedimentary rocks are called __ and __

Which of the following is a common cementing material in sedimentary rocks

The White Cliffs of Dover are composed of this type of sedimentary rock made up of the calcium carbonate skeletal remains of microscopic marine algae

The most commonly used grain size scale in use is the ___ Scale that divided particle size (ex: clay, silt, sand, gravel) by a specific size range in millimeters (clay is less than 1/256mm)

Sorting refers to the range of ___ in a clastic sediment or sedimentary rock

Some sedimentary rocks begin as the weathered products of existing rocks

The process of binding sediment grains together is ___ where minerals are precipitated in the pore spaces

A ___ limestone is composed to a large extent by the skeletal remains of invertebrate fossils (corals, sponges, bryozoans, pekecypods, echinoids)

Lithostatic pressure is the pressure resulting from the weight of the overlying rocks

Claystones do not exhibit fissility but break into blocky masses

Most chemical sedimentary rocks form from percipitation from solution in fresh water (lakes, rivers, caves, springs) or in the sea

___ are sedimentary rocks formed of minerals that were precipitated from solution with evaporation of the liquid they were dissolved in

Chert has a ___ fracture pattern, making it easy to work into tools and projectiles (arrowheads, scrapers)

___ is a detrital sedimentary rock formed by cementation of individual grains ranging in size from 1/16 to 2

Sedimentary rocks have 2 types of texture: clastic (or detrital) and non-clastic (crystalline)

___ sedimentary rocks form from the organic and inorganic precipitation of minerals from an aqueous solution or the accumulation of organic matter

Peat is brownish, soft, spongy and is composed almost entirely of recognizable plant remains. Burial of peat decreases its water content and gradually changes it to coal

The ___ of a particle is the degree to which the shape of the particle approaches the form of a sphere

The degree of sorting reflects: the degree of mechanical and chemical weathering producing the sediment, the transportation process, and post despositional process that may alter the sediment grain size distribution

What percent of sediments are converted to sedimentary rocks and account for the exposed rocks on the Earths surface

A ___ is a coarse grained limestone composed of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments (often of nearshore species)

This process is important in lithification causing a reduction in pore space between unconsolidated grains in the sediment

___ sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of minerals and rock fragments eroded from preexisting rocks (metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous) or their weathered by products

Which of the following is a poorly sorted detrital sedimentary rock

___ is a biochemical sedimentary rock composed f combustible material derived from the partial decomposition of plants

___ is a detrital sedimentary rock composed of grains between 1/16 and 1/256

___ is a soft chemical sedimentary rock composed almost entirely of the calcium carbonate skeletons of microscopic marine phytoplankton (coccolithophores)

A conglomerate is composed predominantly of rounded to subrounded clasts, a significant proportion being gravel size