Global History Vocabulary Words – Flashcards with Answers
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Primary Source
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Text that tells a first-hand account of an event; original works used when researching (letters, journals).
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Secondary Source
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Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event.
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Monotheism
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The belief in one god (Christianity, Islam, Judaism).
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Polytheism
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The belief in many gods (Hinduism, Buddhism, etc.).
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Ethnocentrism
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The belief that one's civilization is superior to another.
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Cultural Diffusion
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The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one civilization to another.
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Geography
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The study of the world and its features.
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Paleolithic Age
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The time period when people were nomadic and were hunters and gatherers.
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Neolithic Revolution
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The change from nomadic hunting-gathering to settled villages.
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Nomad
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A person who moves from place to place.
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Hieroglyphics
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An Egyptian written language.
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Ziggurat
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A Mesopotamian pyramid.
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Cuneiform
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Mesopotamian written language.
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Code of Hammurabi
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A law code in Mesopotamia stating that a person who commits a crime must be charged with similar and cruel punishments.
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Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
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Advanced Indian Civilizations.
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Caste System
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A Hindu belief which features a rigid class system with no social mobility.
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Dharma
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One's duty (Hindu).
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Karma
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One's actions (Hindu).
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Reincarnation
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The belief that one is reborn after death, believed in Hinduism and Buddhism.
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Moksha
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The ultimate goal (Hindu).
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Siddhartha Gautama
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The founder of Buddhism.
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4 Noble Truths
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Buddhist belief; all life is suffering.
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Nirvana
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The ultimate goal (Buddhist).
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Asoka
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Spread Hinduism with rock edicts.
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Akbar the Great
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Emperor of the Mughal Empire, who believed in religious toleration and was an absolute monarch.
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River of Sorrows
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Nickname for the Huang He River.
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Mandate of Heaven
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The justification for a dynasty to overthrow another. Similar to Divine Right.
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Dynastic Cycle
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The press of one dynasty replacing another after claiming the Mandate of Heaven.
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Shi Huangdi
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Legalist emperor during the Qin Dynasty who had harsh punishments and instructed the building of the Great Wall.
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Silk Road
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Spread across Asia and was regulated by China. Cultural Diffusion.
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Civil Service Exam
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A test taken in Han China that allowed for government positions. Based on Confucian Texts.
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Filial Piety
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A Confucian belief that an individual should respect their elders.
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Legalism
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The belief that strict and harsh laws should be established.
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Confucianism
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The belief that education is essential, and five relationships.
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Taoism
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The belief that rules are pointless, and people should go with the flow.
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Classical Civilization
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They served as standards for excellence and were historically memorable and relevant.
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Democracy
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Founded in Athens, the government is handled by the people.
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Oligarchy
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Used in Sparta, ruling by a few.
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Polis
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A city-state.
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Alexander the Great
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King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia, and India.
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Hellenism
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The combination of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture.
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Patrician
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The high class in Rome.
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Plebeian
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The low class in Rome.
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Pax Romana
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The Golden Age of Rome which had much prosperit and achievements such as the development of the Twelve Tables.
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Aqueduct
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A structure built in Rome that allowed for water transport.
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12 Tables
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A law code developed in Rome that served as the basis for modern laws.
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Chinampas
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A man-made floating island used by the Aztecs to adapt to their environment.
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Terrace Farming
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The process of carving into mountains used by the Incas to adapt to their environment.
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Quipu
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Bead-like objects used by the Incas in place of a written language.
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Inca
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Located in the Andes Mountains and used terrace farming as means of adaptation.
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Aztec
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Located in present-day Mexico and used Chinampas as means to adaptation.
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Maya
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Located on the Yucatan Peninsula and had an advanced civilization.
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Feudalism
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The exchange of land for service from the high class to the low class.
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Fief
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The grant of land in a feudal society.
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Code of Chivalry
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The code the knights abide by in Europe.
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Manorialism
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Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.
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Magna Carta
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A document written in 1215 that limited a monarch's power in England.
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Parliament
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Established to help reduce the power of an absolute monarch.
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Crusades
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A series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims that resulted in an immense increase in trade.
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Black Death
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A plague that resulted in the death of 1/3 of the population.
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Hundred Years' War
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A war between England and France over the next ruler of France.
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Joan of Arc
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A young prophet who acted as the turning point for the Hundred Years' War.
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Gothic Architecture
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The use of flying buttresses in architecture.
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Constantinople
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A major trade and commercial city located formerly in the Byzantine Empire before being taken over and renamed by the Ottoman Turks.
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Justinian's Code
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A law code of Byzantine which preserved Greco-Roman ideas.
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Hagia Sophia
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Eastern Orthodox Church built in Constantinople
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Cyrillic Alphabet
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Given to Russia by the Byzantine Empire.
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Hajj
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A holy trip to Mecca mandated by Islam.
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5 Pillars
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Holy symbols of Islam that required Muslims to believe in only Allah, pray five times a day, give alms, fast during Ramadan, and take a hajj to Mecca.
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Muhammad
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Prophet of Islam.
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Sunni vs. Shiite
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The split in Islam over who should be the next caliph.
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Hejira
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The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina
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Janissary
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Member of elite fighting force comprised of christian slaves in the Ottoman Empire
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Sahara Desert
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Located in Africa; provides protection but is impossible to cultivate.
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Gold and Salt Trade
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Provided West African Kingdoms (Ghana, Mali, Songhai) with great wealth.
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Mansa Musa
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Mali ruler who spread Islam during his Hajj to Mecca and inflated the price of gold.
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Zheng He
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An explorer during the Ming Dynasty.
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Mongols
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Unified by Ghengis Khan and ruled over a vast empire.
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Marco Polo
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Italian Explorer who explored the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan.
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Hermit Kingdom
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Korea was called this because it chose to isolate itself from Chinese and Japanese influences.
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Shintoism
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The Japanese belief in nature spirits called kami.
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Samurai
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The Japanese equivalent of knights.
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Code of Bushido
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Code of conduct for the samurai.
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Renaissance
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A time of rebirth of Roman and Greek culture.
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Humanism
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The Renaissance belief in the great ability of an individual.
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Martin Luther
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Created the 95 Theses and opposed the sale of indulgences.
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Indulgences
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Paying money for the forgiveness of sins.
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Act of Supremacy
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Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.
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Council of Trent
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Attempted to reform the Catholic Church.
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Inquisition
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A court established by Catholics to try and persecute non-Catholics.
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Missionary
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Someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program.
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Conquistador
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A Spanish conqueror.
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Encomienda System
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A forced system of labor imposed on the Natives.
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Mercantilism
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The belief that colonies merely exist to provide raw materials for the mother country.
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Middle Passage
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A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.
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Columbian Exchange
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The exchange of materials from the New World and the Old World.
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Divine Right
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To right to rule granted by God. Similar to the Mandate of Heaeven.
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Louis XIV
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An absolute monarch who built the Palace of Versailles.
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Glorious Revolution
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A peaceful confrontation leading to the establishment of the Bill of Rights, limiting the power of a monarch.
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Peter the Great
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A Russian ruler who attempted to westernize Russia.
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Absolute Monarch
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A ruler who acquires total control over their civilization granted by divine right.
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Palace of Versaille
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Built by Louis XIV in an attempt to seize sole leadership.
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Henry VIII
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An English King who wanted an annulment, so he created the Anglican Church.
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Gutenburg
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Invented the Printing Press.
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Limited Monarchy
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A monarch whose power is restricted by a Parliament.
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Predestination
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The belief by John Calvin that one's life is determined before one is born.
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Patron of the arts
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A ruler who propagates the arts.
