question

Public interest in business ethics has heightened over each of the past three decades.

answer

true

question

The majority of Americans think that the need for ethics is about the same as it was fifty years ago.

answer

false

question

The ethics scandal that has come to define modern business ethics is the Enron debacle.

answer

true

question

Only about half of Americans say that they are worried about the moral compass in corporate America.

answer

false

question

A recent NBES survey indicated that ethical misconduct at work was up slightly.

answer

false

question

A December 2012 Gallop poll revealed that only 21% of the public thought that business executives had high or very high ethics.

answer

true

question

The public's opinion of business ethics may be reported at two levels - a high level and a low level.

answer

false

question

The public's view of business ethics has always been very high until the recent scandals.

answer

false

question

Descriptive ethics is concerned with studying and describing the morality of a particular group of people.

answer

true

question

Normative ethics depends on whether "everyone is doing it" to justify moral decisions and actions.

answer

false

question

The major questions related to the conventional approach to business ethics are "Whose norms do we use?" and "Vhat norms are prevailing?"

answer

true

question

he best reason to base one's ethics on societal norms is that the norms do not conflict; thus they provide clear guidance to "right" and "wrong."

answer

false

question

Ethical behavior is generally considered to be on a higher plane than legal behavior.

answer

true

question

In making ethical judgments, it is usually easier to reach consensus on individual practical cases than it is to agree on broad principles.

answer

false

question

The forces that most often come into conflict with ethics in a business setting are economic and social

answer

false

question

Immoral management implies that decision makers know right from wrong, but choose to do wrong.

answer

true

question

Moral management stresses profitability over other stakeholder concerns.

answer

false

question

Virtually all companies that exhibit moral management have had that outlook since they were founded.

answer

false

question

Researchers have found that many business people go through life thinking that they are objective.

answer

true

question

Amoral management relies primarily on a compliance strategy that focuses on obedience to the law.

answer

true

question

In Kohlberg's preconventionallevel of moral development, the individual's primary concern is for others.

answer

false

question

The postconventionallevel of moral development is the most common level for adults over 50 years of age.

answer

false

question

Culture is that broad synthesis of societal norms and values emanating from everyday living.

answer

true

question

Moral identification and ordering refers to the ability to discern the ambiguity of moral factors.

answer

false

question

The Enron Era brought about a broad range of legal and ethic charges that included all the following except a. securities fraud b. conspiracy to inflate profits c. corrupt corporate cultures d. building company assets

answer

d. building company assets

question

The Wall Street fmancial scandals involved all the following except a. recklessness about risk b. ethical lending c. subprirne lending calculations d. greed

answer

b. ethical lending

question

At the macro level, big business is being questioned for its: a. ethical challenges b. legitimacy c. individual activities d. managerial relationships

answer

b. legitimacy

question

An NBES Survey concluded that ethical misconduct a. whistle-blowing had decreased. b. In pressure to cut comers had increased. c. at work was down slightly d. was observed more on the job.

answer

c. at work was down slightly

question

There is no doubt that the media are a. ignoring ethical violations in their own industry. b. reporting ethical problems more frequently and fervently. c. defending the right of business to be conducted amorally. d. reporting breaches of ethics in politics more than they are reporting business ethics violations.

answer

b. reporting ethical problems more frequently and fervently.

question

Public opinion polls regarding business ethics are a. clearly tied to reactions to the latest scandals reported by the media. b. reflective of actual business ethics currently in practice. c. unrelated to actual business ethics practices. d. difficult to assess because the media keeps ethics scandals in the public eye.

answer

d. difficult to assess because the media keeps ethics scandals in the public eye.

question

The former CEO of Bendix Corporation blames the apparent decline in business's ethical behavior on a. the greed of senior managers. b. the contexts in which corporate decisions are made. c. the lack of required business ethics courses in undergraduate and MBA programs. d. the decline in the importance of religion in American society.

answer

b. the contexts in which corporate decisions are made.

question

One of the functions of corporate governance is a. oversight of senior managers. b. capital budgeting. c. incorporating ethics into the strategic planning process. d. monitoring executive bonuses.

answer

a. oversight of senior managers.

question

The discipline that deals with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation is a. morality. b. deontology. c. ethics. d. moral philosophy.

answer

c. ethics.

question

A doctrine or system of moral conduct is called a. ethics. b. deontology. c. morality. d. moral philosophy.

answer

c. morality.

question

Business ethics is a. a special branch of ethics unto itself. b. concerned with moral issues that occur only in business. c. concerned with right and wrong behavior within a business context. d. a subset of business practice.

answer

c. concerned with right and wrong behavior within a business context.

question

Concepts of right and wrong are increasingly being interpreted today to include all of the following except a. fairness. b. justice. c. equity. d. equality.

answer

d. equality.

question

The area of ethics that is concerned with supplying and justifying a coherent moral system of thinking and judging is called a. normative ethics. b. descriptive ethics. c. business ethics. d. virtue ethics.

answer

a. normative ethics.

question

Which of the following is not one of the major approaches to thinking about business ethics? a. conventional approach b. rights and duties approach c. principles approach d. ethical tests approach

answer

b. rights and duties approach

question

The focus of descriptive ethics is on a. determining what should be done in a given situation. b. justifying a moral system of thinking and judging. c. learning what is occurring in the realm of moral behaviors and practices. d. learning how to justify one's chosen actions.

answer

c. learning what is occurring in the realm of moral behaviors and practices.

question

The approach to business ethics in which we compare a decision or practice to prevailing norms of acceptability is the a. virtue approach. b. principles approach. c. conventional approach. d. ethical tests approach.

answer

c. conventional approach.

question

The minimum standard of ethical behavior can be thought of as a. following the Golden Rule. b. adhering to the law. c. living according to religious principles. d. avoiding punishment.

answer

b. adhering to the law.

question

Which of the following is not an element of making ethical judgments? a. observation of the decision or action b. comparison of the decision or action to prevailing norms of acceptability c. recognition that value judgments are made regarding the decision or action and the prevailing norms of acceptability d. awareness of the moral implications of a situation

answer

d. awareness of the moral implications of a situation

question

The most serious danger of using the conventional approach to business ethics is a. reliance on normative ethics without regard to descriptive ethics. b. lapsing into ethical relativism. c. lack of innovation in ethical judgments. d. stunting one's moral development.

answer

b. lapsing into ethical relativism.

question

All of the following are questions that capture the central meaning of ethics except a. what is? b. what happened? c. what ought to be? d. what is our motivation?

answer

b. what happened?

question

Questions about business ethics can be asked at any of the following levels except a. individual. b. organizational. c. economic. d. global.

answer

c. economic.

question

The normative question of ethics is a. what is? b. what ought to be? c. how do we get from what is to what ought to be? d. what is our motivation?

answer

b. what ought to be?

question

The ethics question "how do we get from what is to what ought to be?" is a. descriptive. b. normative. c. practical. d. motivational.

answer

c. practical.

question

The challenge in all managerial situations is take what can be done and what should be done and find a. a balance. b. the more practical solution. c. the least costly approach. d. the most effective action.

answer

a. a balance.

question

Which of the following is not a model of ethical management provided in the textbook? a. innnoral management b. semi-moral management c. moral management d. amoral management

answer

b. semi-moral management

question

The model of ethical management that implies a positive and active opposition to what is right is called a. innnoral management. b. moral management. c. semi-moral management. d. amoral management.

answer

a. innnoral management.

question

The ethical management model that conforms to high standards of behavior or professional standards of conduct is a. innnoral management. b. semi-moral management. c. moral management. d. amoral management.

answer

c. moral management.

question

The model of ethical management in which managers fail to take morality into account when making decisions is a. inunoral management. b. moral management. c. semi-moral management. d. amoral management.

answer

d. amoral management.

question

The key operating question of immoral management is a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it takes? b. will this action be fair to all stakeholders? c. what effects will this action have on our major stakeholders? d. can we make money with this action?

answer

a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it takes?

question

The key operating question of moral management is a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it takes? b. will this action be fair to all stakeholders? c. what effects will this action have on our stakeholders? d. can we make money with this action?

answer

b. will this action be fair to all stakeholders?

question

The key operating question of amoral management is a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it takes? b. will this action be fair to all stakeholders? c. what effects will this action have on our stakeholders? d. can we make money with this action?

answer

d. can we make money with this action?

question

The "integrity strategy" espoused by Lynn Sharp Paine is similar to the a. immoral management model. b. moral management model. c. semi-moral management model. d. amoral management model.

answer

b. moral management model.

question

Managers who believe that business decisions are not subject to moral constraints tend to utilize the a. immoral management model. b. moral management model. c. intentional amoral management model. d. unintentional amoral management model.

answer

c. intentional amoral management model.

question

Managers who simply fail to consider moral questions when making business decisions use the a. immoral management model. b. moral management model. c. intentional amoral management model. d. unintentional amoral management model.

answer

d. unintentional amoral management model.

question

Which of the following is not a structural aspect of unconscious accounting bias? a. ambiguity b. attachment c. approval d. ambivalence

answer

d. ambivalence

question

The population hypothesis regarding ethical management models is a. the three models approximate a normal, bell-shaped curve. b. that the moral management model is the largest segment of the normal curve. c. that the immoral management model is the largest segment of the normal curve. d. the three models exhibit a skewed curve, weighted toward either moral or immoral management models, depending on the society being studied.

answer

a. the three models approximate a normal, bell-shaped curve.

question

The individual hypothesis regarding ethical management models is a. the three models approximate a normal, bell-shaped curve. b. that individuals managers utilize all three of the models at different times and situations. c. that individual managers emphasize one of the three models over the others. d. that individual managers attempt to match the model they use to the particular situation.

answer

b. that individuals managers utilize all three of the models at different times and situations.

question

Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development includes all of the following levels except a. the preconventionallevel. b. the conventional level. c. the postconventionallevel. d. law and order morality.

answer

d. law and order morality.

question

Which of the following is not a source of a manager's values that is external to the firm? a. religion b. philosophy c. scientific d. legal

answer

c. scientific

question

The sense that concern for fairness, justice, and due process to people, groups, and communities should be woven into managerial decision-making is called a. integration of managerial and moral competence. b. moral obligation. c. moral sensitivity. d. moral evaluation.

answer

b. moral obligation.

question

Moral imagination is: a. imagining the best possible outcome. b. being able to see economic and moral relationships c. the ability to see the relevance or nonrelevance of issues d. deciding which course of action to adopt.

answer

b. being able to see economic and moral relationships

question

An element of moral judgment is all the following except a. moral imagination b. managerial competence c. moral identification and ordering d. sense of moral obligation

answer

b. managerial competence

question

Compare and contrast ethics and the law. How are they similar? How are they different? Which is the higher standard? Why aren't they the equivalent of one another?

answer

Students will likely reiterate what they learned from the text, that generally, although ethics and the law overlap, ethics is a higher standard. Although they are similar, compliance with the law is the lowest standard, while ethical conduct is a higher standard. Ethics deals with what is right and just, not only with what is legal. Students may also recognize that it is not possible to lay down in the law every sort of conduct that might be illegal, so that ethics is a desired component of legal conduct.

question

If business ethics have, in reality, declined over the past decades, what are the primary reasons for this movement?

answer

Students may have many different answers for this question, but most will likely mirror the opinions expressed in the 2012 Gallop poll and Marist College Institute on Public Opinion, and the authors, that greed is the primary cause. Executives are viewed as greedy for both money and power, with little consideration given to factors other than their personal gain. Other factors cited may include a general decline in morality and the decline of religious influence.

question

What is the distinction that the textbook draws between ethics and morality?

answer

Ethics is described as an academic discipline whose foci are what is "good," "bad," "right," or "wrong," and moral duties. Morality, on the other hand, is the actual system of moral conduct. Thus, ethics is the study of morality.

question

Distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics.

answer

Descriptive ethics is concerned with studying and describing the morality of a people, culture, or society, with no effort to evaluate or judge the system being described. Descriptive ethics tells what a moral system is. Normative ethics attempts to evaluate, provide, or justify a moral system--it discusses what should be.

question

Describe how a Venn diagram can help a manager evaluate moral dilemmas and come to decisions about those situations.

answer

The authors suggest using a Venn diagram that accounts for a finn's ethical, legal, and economic responsibilities. Managers can, by "locating" a decision in these three categories, evaluate a particular decision's potential success in meeting the firm's goals in each of the three areas. For example, if a manager is contemplating laying off a large number of workers, he or she might determine that doing so meets the finn's legal responsibilities (no laws will be broken), but economic and ethical duties will not be fulfilled. The underlying evaluation of the decision is not actually performed in or by the Venn diagram. The model is simply a graphic representation of the analysis.

question

Describe and evaluate the "what is?" ethics question.

answer

The "what is?" question is deceptively simple, in that most students will assume that anyone can look at a situation and describe it fully and accurately. However, there are numerous problems inherent in determining "what is?" The first is simply recoguizing that a situation exists that requires moral interpretation. The second major difficulty lies in the area of perception and inherent biases. As much as we like to think of ourselves as objective and unbiased, the fact of the matter is that we all interpret situations through filters that we have developed over long time periods (and are often unaware that we have). Another problem is gathering all of the relevant information about the situation--rarely do managers have the time or resources to fully research and understand all facets of the situation being analyzed.

question

What are the differences among ''immoral,'' ''moral,'' and ''amoral?''

answer

Using "moral" as the basic concept that refers to doing the right thing, we can contrast the other two terms with it. "Immoral" implies that the actor knows the difference between a right action and a wrong action, and consciously chooses the wrong one. "Amoral," on the other hand, means that the actor either doesn't realize there is a question of right and wrong involved in the decision (unintentional amoral management), or chooses to set aside questions of right and wrong, and make the decision based on criteria that exclude ethical concerns (intentional amoral management).

question

What are the seven habits of highly moral leaders?

answer

Archie Carroll, borrowing from Stephen Covey's seven habits of highly effective people, lists these habits of moral leaders: 1) a passion to do right, 2) morally proactive, 3) consideration given to all stakeholders, 4) strong ethical character, 5) obsession with fairness, 6) use principled decision making, and 7) integrate ethics with management wisdom.

question

Briefly describe the process of moral development described by Kohlberg.

answer

Kohlberg said that people develop their moral judgment skills in a regular and orderly pattern over their lifetimes. Young children start their moral development in the preconventionallevel, in which their primary concern is with their own welfare and happiness. In this initial level, people begin to learn right from wrong from external sources (e.g., parents, teachers) by reacting to punishment and seeking rewards. As people gain experience and mature, they learn that others should be considered in their moral judgments--that others expect certain behaviors and have the right to be treated in certain ways. This knowledge begins in a fairly narrow scope, including mainly family and friends, and expands to include a broader definition of society. In this second, or conventional level, the individual learns to make judgments that consider others, and help maintain social order. At the fmal, or postconventionallevel, people begin to make moral judgment that consider all of humankind and are based on universal principles of right and wrong, regardless of how other people may define those terms. Kohlberg noted that very few people actually reach the postconventional level.

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