Geology Test 2 – Hawkins – Flashcards
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compactation and cementation are processes of:
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lithification
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the majority of the rocks that occur at the surface of Earth are:
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sedimentary rocks
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Detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rocks:
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clastic
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the breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed:
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weathering
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which transport medium carries the largest particles:
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ice
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it is unusual for ______________ to carry grains larger than sand
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wind
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the difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate:
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contains more rounded grains than breccia
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grains become more rounded during _____________:
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transportation
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chemical weathering takes place most rapidly in environments that are ____________ and _______________:
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warm; wet
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clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of:
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grain size
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stratification refers to ______________:
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the development of layering within sedimentary rocks
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asymmetric ripples indicate unidirectional flow, such as a river, whereas symmetric ripples are indicative of flow in multiple directions, such as when waves wash back and forth in shallow water: TRUE OR FALSE?
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true
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if evidence of cross bedding was discovered on a barren planet such as Mars, what could you assume was once occurring on the planet?
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movement of water
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what do graded beds tell a geologist?
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turbidity current deposited these beds, depositing coarser material first
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which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by very well-sorted, very well rounded grains that are nearly pure quartz?
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beach
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which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by poorly to moderately sorted, angular to sub angular grains that consist of feldspar, quartz, and lithics (rock fragments)?
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alluvial fan
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a footprint left by a dinosaur would be considered a __________:
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fossil
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a dark coloration in a sedimentary rock layer would most likely indicate an abundance of _____________:
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???
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symmetrical waves are great at providing a unique current direction: TRUE OR FALSE?
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false
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a worm burrow is an example of:
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trace fossil
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a hurried body of an aragonitic limestone is recrystallized at low temperatures and pressure producing calcite is an example of ____________:
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diagenesis
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the protolith of a metamorphic may:
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have started off as any three types of rock
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a buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress, causing clay minerals to produce slate; this is an example of:
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metamorphism
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differential stress will cause crystals to align in a preferred orientation, and this produces:
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foliation
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the blue schist facies is a metamorphic realm of ____________:
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high pressure, but relatively low temperature
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in the formation process of gneiss from granite, the compositional bands from:
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crystals dissolving, and atoms and ions migrating and reorganizing as new crystals
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which list properly orders metamorphic rocks from LOWEST TO HIGHEST GRADE: (check this one)
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shale slate phyllite quartzite
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thermal (contact) metamorphism occurs:
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in areas surrounding igneous intrusions
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the region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding pluton is called a(n):
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aurcole
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regional metamorphism:
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is another name for dynamo thermal metamorphism
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meteorite impacts have been known to induce metamorphism of sediments and rocks: TRUE OR FALSE?
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true
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which type of metamorphism affects the greatest volume of rocks?
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dynamothermal metamorphism
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rocks resulting from contact metamorphism will not possess:
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foliation
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within a single mountain range, ______________:
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it is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies, including high-low, and intermediate grade rocks
