question

Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during __________

answer

lithification

question

The breakdown of exposed rocks into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________

answer

weathering

question

Cemented shells of marine organisms form which kind of sedimentary rock?

answer

biochemical

question

Which transport medium carries the largest particles?

answer

ice

question

It is unusual for _________ to carry grains larger than sand

answer

wind

question

The difference btw conglomerate and breccia is that conglomerate...

answer

possesses more rounded grains than breccia

question

Grains become rounded primarily during ______________

answer

transportation

question

Chemical weathering takes place most rapidly in environments that are ____________ and ______________

answer

warm; wet

question

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of __________________

answer

grain size

question

Stratification refers to ______________

answer

the development of layering within sedimentary rocks

question

Distinct internal laminations that are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layer are called.... (picture on test)

answer

cross beds

question

Consult the figure below (picture on test). Graded beds tell a geologist that a _______________

answer

turbidity current deposited these beds, depositing coarser material first

question

Ripples, dunes, and cross bedding are sedimentary structures that can be used to help determine _______________

answer

all of the above are correct (wind direction, current direction, past environments)

question

Which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by very well-sorted, very well-rounded grains that are nearly pure quartz?

answer

beach

question

Sedimentary deposition is a continuous process: rivers, lakes, and the ocean deposit sediments nonstop at a fairly constant rate.

answer

False

question

Which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by poorly to moderately sorted, angular to sub angular grains that consist of feldspar, quartz, and lithic (rock fragments)?

answer

alluvial fan

question

At the Earth's surface, potassium feldspar reacts with water to form clay; this is an example of ____________

answer

weathering

question

A body of gneiss is subjected to heat and forms a melt. Later the melt cools and crystallizes to form a(n)....

answer

igneous rock

question

Metamorphism may be induced by ________________

answer

all of the above are correct (contact with a hot pluton, contact with hot groundwater, and heat and pressure associated with deep burial)

question

Which of the following processes CANNOT occur in the formation of metamorphic rock?

answer

complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

question

What does the lack of foliation mean in a metamorphic rock?

answer

that the rock formed in an environment free of compression or shear

question

Meteorite impacts have been known to induce metamorphism of sediments and rocks

answer

True

question

Which type of metamorphism affects the greatest volumes of rock?

answer

dynamothermal metamorphism

question

Chemical weathering will generate higher surface area for weathered material

answer

true

question

Weathering found on the top of Stone Mountain would most likely resemble exfoliation caused by pressure release.

answer

True

question

Clay minerals within a buried body of shale are recrystallized at 400 degrees C and high pressure to form mica, producing a rock called phyllite; this is an example of ______________

answer

metamorphism

question

Compared to low-grade metamorphic rocks, high-grade rocks ______________________

answer

are produced at greater temperatures and pressures

question

Regional metamorphism ________________

answer

is another name for dynamothermal metamorphism

question

The protolith subjected to metamorphism ____________________

answer

may belong to any of the three primary rock types

question

The blueschist facies is a metamorphic realm of __________________

answer

high pressure but relatively low temperature

question

Within a single mountain range, _______________

answer

it is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies, including high, low, and intermediate-grade rocks

question

As compared to the amphibolite metamorphic facies, the greenschist facies _____________

answer

consists of lower grade rocks

question

Thermal (contact) metamorphism occurs _________________

answer

in areas surrounding igneous intrusions

question

Which of the following processes cannot occur in the formation of metamorphic rock?

answer

complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

question

Metamorphism, in broadest terms, involves _________________

answer

changes in mineralogy and texture in response to heat and pressure

question

Foliated metamorphic rocks posses _________________

answer

a planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding)

question

Rapid, deep burial of sediments in an accretionary prism (think about pressure) leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed __________________

answer

blueschist

question

Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils, glacial deposits, and the fill of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once _______________________

answer

combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Pangaea) in the late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic

question

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because _____________________

answer

he could not conceive of valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions

question

The magnetic field of Earth in the geologic past is ____________________

answer

unknown, but it is assumed to have been identical to today's

question

Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity along ___________________

answer

mid-ocean ridges

question

Distinctive rock sequences on South America terminate at the Atlantic Ocean but reappear on the continent of ___________________

answer

Africa

question

The apparent polar-wander path obtained from magnetite crystals in basalts on the North American continent is now interpreted to be the result of ______________________

answer

drifting of the North American continent

question

The oldest sediments of the ocean floor are about ______________ years old

answer

180 million

question

At a divergent plate boundary, two opposed plates _______________

answer

move away from one another

question

At a convergent plate boundary , two opposed plates ___________________

answer

move toward one another

question

At a transform plate boundary, two opposed plates __________________

answer

slide past one another

question

Mid-ocean ridges are ____________

answer

divergent plate boundaries

question

At a subduction zone, the overriding plate ______________________

answer

is always composed of oceanic lithosphere

question

Hawaii is an example of __________________

answer

hot-spot volcanism

question

Segments of the mid-ocean ridge system are offset. Between the offset segments we observe ____________

answer

transform faults

question

When two bodies of continental lithosphere are pushed together at a convergent boundary, the result is _________________

answer

collision and mountain formation

question

Most of the pushing force that drives plate motion is produced at ______________

answer

mid-ocean ridges

question

Most of the pulling force that drives plate motion is produced at __________________

answer

subduction zones

question

The breakdown of exposed rocks into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ____________

answer

weathering

question

Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) terms which kind of sedimentary rock?

answer

clastic

question

Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during _____________

answer

lithification

question

The rocks in the Auburn area consist of ____________

answer

amphibolite and granulite facies

question

The majority of the rocks that occur at the surface of Earth are ________________

answer

sedimentary rocks

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