Geology Quiz 3 – Flashcards
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How does a catastrophe differ from a disaster
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damages from a catastrophe are of such a magnitude to require a long recovery period.
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how are the magnitude and frequency of natural hazard events typically related
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inversely related
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why is history important in understanding natural hazards
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most natural hazards are repetitive events
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why are precursor events important
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precursor events provide warning that a hazardous process is becoming active
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why are hazard warnings sometimes problematic
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warnings are sometimes inaccurate
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to what does the concept of acceptable risk refer
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the risk that society or individuals are willing to endure
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what is the difference between a reactive response and an anticipatory response
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a reactive response has to do with recovery, while an anticipatory response has to do with preparedness
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why is land use planning usually more effective than artificial control of natural hazards
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most hazardous natural processes are not easily artificially controlled
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why might global warming increase the magnitude and/or frequency of weather related hazards
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warmer ocean waters will channel more energy into the atmosphere
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why does population increase affect the number of catastrophic events
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a greater number of people occupy lands in the path of hazardous processes
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T/F the deadly 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz is an example of inaccurate prediction
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false
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T/F the magnitude and frequency of a natural hazard are typically inversely related
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true
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T/F a catastrophe is an event that requires a long recovery period
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true
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T/F most natural hazards are non-repetitive events
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false
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T/F hazardous processes can become catastrophes because of population increase
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true
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a deadly eruption of the Columbian volcano ________ provided lessons concerning the dissemination of scientific predictions of natural hazards
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Nevado del Ruiz
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the recurrence interval of an event, also known as its _______ is typically inversely related to the event's magnitude
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frequency
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a ______ is a disaster from which the recovery is long and involved
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catastrophe
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benefits of ______ include enrichment of soils and the creation of new land
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volcanism
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New Orleans flooded after a near-miss from Hurricane Katrina because numerous ______ broke
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levees
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how does an earthquake's magnitude differ from its intensity?
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magnitude reflects energy release, while intensity reflects the amount of shaking
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the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes were different from most California earthquakes because
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the New Madrid were intraplate earthquakes located near the center of the North American Plate
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a strike-slip fault has what type of motion
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horizontal
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an active fault is defined as a fault that
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has experienced movement during the Holocene time
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surface waves are produced by
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P and S waves reaching the surface
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during the strain accumulation phase of the earthquake cycle
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rocks are deformed elastically
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how can injection of liquid wastes cause earthquakes
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it increases fluid pressure and reduces friction
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tsunamis travel
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more slowly in shallow water than in deep water, causing the wave crests to rise
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ground rupture occurs during an earthquake as
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a near-surface fault breaks the surface
