Geology Chapter 4 Minerals – Flashcards
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What is not a property of minerals?
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Organic
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What is the hardest mineral?
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Diamond
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What is the softest mineral?
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Talc
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What is the name of the mineral hardness scale?
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Moh's Scale
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The color of a mineral can change depending on?
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Trace elements
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A rock is
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A solid mass of mineral
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What are the 2 best examples of a poly-morph?
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Diamond & Graphite
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The mineral halite is what kind of rock? (also known as)
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Rock Salt
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Sulfur can be easily identified by its?
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Smell
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Gypsum is?
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A calcite mineral
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Sphalerite is a copper ore?
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True
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Hematite is a zinc ore?
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False- it's an iron ore
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Galena is a lead ore?
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True
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Pyrite is an iron ore?
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True
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Calcite will fizz if you put a weak acid on it?
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True
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Quartz is harder than corundum?
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False
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Feldspar is the IL state mineral?
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False- Fluorite is
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The most abundant rock forming element is aluminum?
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False- Oxygen is
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Calcite is in?
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Limestone
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Quartz is composed of oxygen and aluminum?
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False- Silicon and Oxygen
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Mineral
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a naturally occurring inorganic solid, with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure
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Definite Crystal Structure
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The atoms in minerals are arranged in regular geometric patterns that are repeated
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Silicates
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Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen, and usually 1 or more elements are known as silicates
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Ore
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a mineral is an ore if it contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit
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Gem
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Gems are valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty; they are very hard and scratch resistant. RARE
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Tetrahedron
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A tetrahedron is a geometric solid having 4 sides that are equilateral triangles, resembling a pyramid
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Minerals that break randomly exhibit
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Cleavage
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Coal is
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Not organic
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Diamonds are not rare
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True
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What characteristic is used for classifying minerals into individual groups?
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chemical composition
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A mineral has a mass of 100 g and a volume of 50 cm^3. What is its density?
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2 g/cm^3
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What is the correct chemical formula for a silica tetrahedron?
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SiO4
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Where do the tetrahedra bond to each other?
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at any oxygen atom
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What group of minerals is composed mainly of these tetrehedra?
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silicates
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Which is an example of a mineral whose streak cannot be determined with a porcelain streak plate?
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Feldspar
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Which is one of the three most common elements in Earth's crust?
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(if not oxygen) SILICON
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What is the main factor that determines the formation of the minerals listed in the table?
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the temperature of the magma
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Calcite is the dominant mineral in the rock limestone. In which mineral group does it belong?
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Carbonates
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What mineral fizzes when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?
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Calcite
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Dull, Silky, Waxy, Pearly, and Earthy are terms that describe which property of minerals?
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Luster
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For a mineral to be considered an ore, which requirement must it need?
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Its production must generate a profit
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Explain why rubies and sapphires, which are both forms of the mineral corundum, are different colors?
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The chemical composition; tiny amounts of trace elements
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Describe the visual effect of placing a piece of clear, Iceland spar on top of the word Geology in a textbook?
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double refraction
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Summarize the process of sugar crystals forming in a glass of sugar-sweetened hot tea?
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After the tea evaporates, saturates, and double saturates, the crystals are left
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Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition. Compare and contrast these two to explain why diamond is a gem and graphite is not?
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They have the same chemical composition, different crystal structure
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What other mineral besides a diamond would be best for making sand paper and why?
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Quartz because its a 7 on the Moh's scale
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Explain why petroleum, wood, coal, steel, concrete, and glass
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Petroleum- not organic not solid Wood and Coal- not organic Steel and Concrete- not naturally occuring Glass- no crystal structure
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Infer how early prospectors used density to determine whether they had found gold or pyrite in a mine?
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drop them in water, calculate how much water is displaced, and calculate the density -Gold has higher density
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Imagine that a new gem is discovered that is more beautiful than the most stunning diamond or ruby. Assess the factors that will determine its cost compared to other known gems.
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abundance/rarity, cost of production, supply or demand
