Geology 2150 Mizzou Age of Dinosaurs Exam 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Cambrian Explosion
answer
Appearance of macroscopic life
question
Age of earth
answer
~4.6 billion years
question
Agnathids
answer
jaw-less fishes
question
Examples of agnathids
answer
hagfish
question
Ostracoderms
answer
extinct jawless fishes
question
Gnathostomes
answer
jawed fishes
question
Gnathostomes groups (four total)
answer
placoderms (armored fishes), acanthodians(spiny sharks), chondrichthyans(sharks and rays), osteichthyans(bony fish)
question
Which gnathostome groups are extinct? (two total)
answer
placoderms and acanthodians
question
Name the two sub-groups of bony fish
answer
ray finned and lobe finned
question
Name the three major groups of amniotes based on skulls and describe them
answer
anapsid (no holes other than locations for the eyes in skull), synapsid (hole located on side of skull behind the eyes), diapsid(hole on side of skull behind eyes and on top of skull)
question
Fenestra
answer
holes located in the skull
question
dominant tetrapods during the permian timeframe
answer
synapsids
question
archosaur categorization based on skull type
answer
diapsid due to upper temporal holes(top of skull) and hole on side behind eyes
question
Explain what makes archosaur skulls more unique to other organisms of the same skull type
answer
they have and extra set of holes near the nose in the skull as well as teeth set in sockets
question
Name two types of modern archosaurs
answer
birds and crocodiles
question
phanerozoic diversity
answer
biggest change after cambrian explosion due to extinction near extinction event
question
Explain some difference between an upright and sprawling posture
answer
sprawling posture has legs out to the side and swing to move by using muscle. Upright posture has legs move back and forth with body supported by bone structure
question
saurischian
answer
lizard hipped dinosaurs
question
ornithischians
answer
bird hipped dinosaurs
question
Show the differences between anterior/posterior, dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, and proximal/distal
answer
anterior/posterior is front/back dorsal/ventral is back/front or from fish orientation top/bottom medial/lateral is midline/outwards from midline proximal/distal is towards body/away from body
question
explain the difference between cranial and post-cranial
answer
cranial is everything past the neck area heading towards the head. Post cranial is everything lower than the neck area
question
Name hierarchical categories of scientific classification
answer
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
question
Name the organization that determines naming conventions for animals and some of the rules
answer
the international code on zoological nomenclature is the standard and some of the rules are that names must be latinized all names use roman alphabet each name at genus level and above is unique, but same species names can be used in different genera
question
selection
answer
processes that determine differential reporductive success
question
fitness
answer
relative reproductive success of an individual
question
genotype
answer
genetic make up of organism
question
phenotype
answer
physical characteristics of organism determined by genotype and enivronment
question
common characteristics between stegosauridae
answer
quadrupedal and high neural arches
question
defining features of stegosaurus
answer
semi sprawling forelimbs long tail that ends in spikes spiny, flexible tendons lost large plates running down the length of spine small brain
question
when was the stegosauridae in existance
answer
middle jurrasic to late cretaceous
question
preadaptation
answer
trait with one function in ancestor that is borrowed and modified to fill different function in descendant
question
name defining traits of eurypoda
answer
anteriorly expanded ilia fused bones around eye socket
question
name defining traits of ankylosauria
answer
broad, flaring ilia closed ant-orbital and one post-orbital fenestra considerable bone fusion and other armor
question
name the two groups within ankylosauria
answer
ankylosauridae and nodosauridae
question
what timeframe did stegosaurs live in
answer
154 to 65 million years ago
question
What are some tactics used by species of dinosaurs to reduce chance of being eaten?
answer
climbing trees, gliding away, intimidation, hiding in logs
question
what were feathers initially for
answer
heat retention, attracting mates, and threatening predators
question
why were there different dominant predators between the northern and southern continents
answer
there was no land crossing available at the time
question
how many tyrannosaurid genera were there
answer
four
question
what was the primary method that majungasaurus use to kill prey
answer
biting and gripping
