question

In which country is Judaism the dominant religion?

answer

Israel

question

Which country has four important religions?

answer

Sudan

question

Which of the following branches of Islam is most dominant in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

Sunni

question

Where did Islam originate?

answer

in Saudi Arabia, in the city of Makkah (Mecca)

question

According to Fig. 7.28, how far east is Islam found?

answer

Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines

question

People making a pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) and Medinah must travel to which country of Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

Saudi Arabia

question

Using the information included in the map above to guide you, which three of the following statements are probably true?

answer

Jewish holy sites are located throughout the city of Jerusalem.

question

Which of the following features would typically be found in a traditional Islamic city?

answer

a walled core, also known as a medina

question

Which of the following countries ranks among the lowest for women's rights in the region of Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

Saudi Arabia

question

What is physiological density?

answer

a population statistic that relates the number of people in a country to the amount of arable land

question

Why is the island of Socotra, off the southeast coast of Yemen, considered unique?

answer

It possesses a unique biological habitat, containing hundreds of plant species found nowhere else on Earth.

question

Kurds in northern Iraq have their own ethnic identity and political aspirations. Which other people in the region share this status as a distinct ethnic group desiring independence?

answer

Palestinians

question

What historical detail makes Turkey and Iran (Persia) different from other countries in North Africa and Southwest Asia?

answer

Neither Turkey nor Iran was ever directly occupied by European powers.

question

Which country is considered to be the birthplace of the Arab Spring?

answer

Tunisia

question

Which of these languages is most closely related to Arabic?

answer

Hebrew, the language of Israel

question

Where do most of the people of Egypt live?

answer

Along the Nile River

question

Where are most of the crops grown in Egypt?

answer

Along the Nile River

question

Which of these ways of life is an example of pastoral nomadism in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

A shepherd in Jordan moves his goats from pasture to pasture over the course of the year so that they will have access to vegetation and water.

question

The regions of Southwest Asia and North Africa that receive the greatest amount of precipitation correlate with _______ climates.

answer

Mediterranean summer

question

Which of the following changes will likely occur in Southwest Asia and North Africa as a result of climate change?

answer

Reduced runoff into rivers

question

Most countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa tap into groundwater supplies to meet their water needs. Which country is the exception to this pattern?

answer

Egypt

question

What is the primary cause of the salinization of soils in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

Irrigation

question

Where in Southwest Asia and North Africa is salinization most common?

answer

Along the Nile River

question

In which of these countries is desertification the most serious problem?

answer

Iran

question

Which of these countries does not share a border with Israel?

answer

Turkey

question

Tunisia is situated between which two countries?

answer

Algeria and Libya

question

Which city is the capital of Syria?

answer

Damascus

question

Which of these countries lies on a peninsula?

answer

Saudi Arabia

question

Which of these countries borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea?

answer

Morocco

question

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow into which body of water?

answer

Persian Gulf

question

What is the chief problem associated with the use of groundwater in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

answer

Groundwater is being depleted faster than it can be replaced, so it is inherently unsustainable.

question

By what name was Iran historically known?

answer

Persia

question

The Danube River flows from __________.

answer

the Black Forest in Germany to the Black Sea

question

What factor is threatening the Danube River?

answer

expansion of river transportation and intensive farming

question

Which of the following products would have been produced by the earliest manufacturing facilities of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

a woolen blanket

question

In which country of Europe would a woman be least likely to hold a government position?

answer

Cyprus

question

Greece has been bailed out by other European countries a number of times as a result of its debt crisis. Which of the following outcomes occurred in Greece as a response to these bailouts?

answer

Increase in taxes

question

What was the first country that Germany annexed in 1938, thus setting off World War II?

answer

Austria

question

"Balkanization" is the term used to describe the geopolitical processes of small-scale independence movements based on ethnic fault lines. Which of the following factors contributed to the balkanization of Yugoslavia?

answer

invasion by the Soviet Union

question

Which of these is a member of both NATO and the European Union?

answer

Denmark

question

Which of these is the most likely reason why nearly half of Germany is shown as former Warsaw Pact territory? (Fig. 8.23, p. 276)

answer

Germany was once divided into two countries.

question

Which group is seeking complete autonomy from Spain?

answer

Basques

question

When NATO was founded, its primary enemies were the USSR and its allies, all members of the Warsaw Pact. Which of the countries on the map in Fig. 8.23 once belonged to the Warsaw Pact but are now members of NATO?

answer

Poland and Hungary

question

Which country of western Europe, located in the heart of the continent, is not a European Union member?

answer

Switzerland

question

Ninety percent of Europeans speak an Indo-European language. German is the largest, with 90 million native speakers. However, another language is considered dominant, given the large number of Europeans who can speak it fluently as a second language. What is the dominant language of Europe?

answer

English

question

Before the 1890s, "the Pale" was home to many members of a specific religion in Europe. What is the religion, and in what country did its adherents live?

answer

Judaism, Poland

question

Which of the following religions is growing the fastest in Europe?

answer

Islam

question

On the border between which two countries is the Basque language found?

answer

France and Spain

question

Visitors to countries that are part of "Schengenland" do not need to have their passports checked when they pass from one country in "Schengenland" to another. At which of the following borders would you need to show a passport?

answer

Between Hungary and Romania

question

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the current migration patterns found in Europe?

answer

Worsening conditions in North Africa have led to a huge increase in extralegal migrants reaching Europe.

question

Which of these urban landscape features is most characteristic of Europe's medieval landscape?

answer

three-story buildings densely packed along narrow, winding city streets in San Miniato, Italy

question

Which of the following outcomes will most likely occur as a result of Europe's current natural growth rates?

answer

reduced funding for social services

question

Which of these descriptions is the clearest example of pollution that has spread beyond its national boundary?

answer

Water pollution that is carried by the upper Rhine River to the Netherlands from the Alpine region of Europe.

question

Which country has the only subtropical steppe in Europe?

answer

Spain

question

Which of the following climate types characterizes most of Europe's Atlantic coast?

answer

marine west coast

question

Into what body of water does the Ebro River flow?

answer

Mediterranean Sea

question

Which two countries are separated by the Pyrenees Mountains?

answer

Spain and France

question

Which of these countries has the largest land area?

answer

France

question

What country is directly north of Estonia?

answer

Finland

question

Which of these cities is not located in the same country as the others?

answer

Dublin

question

restructuring of the planned centralized economy, an early move toward a freer market

answer

Perestroika

question

Gorbachev's policy of greater openness and political participation

answer

Glasnost

question

The Caucasus Mountains are located between which two bodies of water?

answer

The Black and Caspian Seas

question

Where has the Russian Domain dumped its nuclear wastes?

answer

off the northern island of Novaya Zemlya, in the Barents Sea

question

Which body of water in the Russian Domain is the world's largest reserve of freshwater?

answer

Lake Baikal

question

Which of the following is the primary source of pollution damaging Russia's Lake Baikal?

answer

pollution form pulp and paper factories

question

Which of the following industries were emphasized during the time of the Soviet Union?

answer

basic industries

question

How has the geography of Russian oil and gas exports shifted since the break-up of the Soviet Union?

answer

The bulk of Russia's petroleum products now go to western Europe.

question

Since 2009, public protests have challenged President Putin's authority in Russia. The urban middle class, human rights groups, and opposition political parties are concerned with Putin's strong-arm leadership style and increasingly close ties to what group or organization?

answer

the siloviki

question

One of the key conflicts in the Russian domain since 2014 is the conflict in Ukraine. Which of the following factors best explains why conflict has occurred in the country?

answer

Ukraine is divided between an eastern region aligned with Russia and a western realm allied with NATO and the EU.

question

What changes to civil liberties have occurred in Russia since Putin came to power?

answer

The Russian president now has more direct control of candidate nominations.

question

Eighty percent of Russian citizens claim a Russian linguistic identity. Looking at Figure 9.26, however, you can see that in nearly 50 percent of the Russian landmass, non-Slavic (non-Russian) languages are dominant. What factors explain this apparent discrepancy?

answer

The areas where Russian is not the dominant language are sparsely populated.

question

Which of the following groups is most closely connected with the origin of the Russian Empire?

answer

Slavic

question

How did the fall of the Soviet Union affect the patterns and practice of religion in Russia?

answer

There is now a revival of the Orthodox Church.

question

In Siberia, the land is sparsely settled. Cities tend to be located at sites where a natural and human-made feature intersect. Which ones? Choose the correct pair of one natural and one human-made landscape feature.

answer

rivers and the Trans-Siberian Railroad

question

Which of the following goals best describes the political motive behind the Soviet policy of Russification?

answer

to create significant Russian minorities loyal to the Soviet leaders in non-Russian regions

question

Why have so many undocumented immigrants moved to Russia?

answer

higher wages and better job opportunities

question

Compare maps of population density and climate for the Russian region. The highest concentration of population is found in which of these climate types?

answer

humid continental, without dry season, cool summer

question

Which of these cities is the most popular destination for migration?

answer

Moscow

question

What is the place of origin of immigrants to Russia's Far East?

answer

China

question

Agricultural development is limited in much of the Russian domain. Besides climate, what other characteristic of Russia's physical geography best explains this pattern?

answer

poor soils

question

Which of the following is the primary factor that shapes Russia's climate, vegetation, and agriculture?

answer

latitudinal position

question

Russian Domain large-scale grain production best correlates with which of the below climate types?

answer

midlatitude steppe

question

Which two countries possess political exclaves (regions that are completely separated from the larger political unit)?

answer

Russia Azerbaijan

question

The Trans-Siberian Railroad runs between which two Russian cities?

answer

Moscow and Vladivostok

question

The expansion of communism into Eastern Europe was a direct result of

answer

World War II

question

What makes Russia distinctive?

answer

It has the largest land area of any country on Earth.

question

What is the dominant climate type in Russia?

answer

continental midlatitude

question

What physical feature marks the eastern boundary of the cultural subregion known as "European Russia"?

answer

the Ural Mountains

question

Where is the Aral Sea located?

answer

on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

question

Which of these rivers flows into the Caspian Sea?

answer

Ural

question

Kazakhstan is Central Asia's most developed country. From which of the following activities did Kazakhstan derive much of its wealth?

answer

development of oil and gas resources

question

Which of the following statements regarding Afghanistan's current economic situation is correct?

answer

Afghanistan produces most of the world's opium.

question

Which of the following statements regarding women's rights in Afghanistan is correct?

answer

Under Afghanistan's new constitution, 25 percent of parliamentary seats are reserved for women.

question

What group's in-migration is reshaping the cultural and economic geographies of China's western and northern autonomous provinces of Xiajiang, Xijang (Tibet) and the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Province)?

answer

people of Han Chinese cultural heritage

question

Which of the following changes occurred after the Soviet Union took control of Central Asia?

answer

The states controlled by the Soviet Union had to use Cyrillic (Russian) rather than Arabic script.

question

Tibetan Buddhism is different from other forms of Buddhism because it is more oriented toward mysticism and it is more tightly organized, with the Dalai Lama as its spiritual leader. What other country in Central Asia practices this particular form of Buddhism?

answer

Mongolia

question

Which of the following statements best describes how members of Afghanistan's largest cultural group, the Pashtuns, view Islam?

answer

Pashtuns tend to have very strict interpretations of Islam

question

Besides the fact that Azerbaijan possesses significant oil reserves, on what grounds does the text argue that Azerbaijan ought to be considered part of Central Asia (versus part of the Russian domain, like its neighbors Georgia and Armenia)?

answer

Turkic language, large Muslim population

question

Tibet recently became more connected to the rest of China with the opening of:

answer

a railway

question

Which language family is most common in Afghanistan?

answer

Indo-European

question

In what type of geographic settings do the majority of Central Asia's inhabitants live?

answer

In narrow transition zones where basins and plains intersect with mountain ranges.

question

Why is most of Central Asia sparsely populated?

answer

Large areas of desert or highland are too harsh to support human life.

question

Which of these countries has the overall highest population density?

answer

Azerbaijan

question

Which of the following environmental issues is most prominent in Central Asia, which is caused by overgrazing and poor farming practices?

answer

desertification

question

Which of the following physical features characterizes most of Central Asia?

answer

plains and basins

question

The largest environmental hazard that the population of Xinjiang has to contend with is _________________.

answer

desertification

question

Which of these physical features borders Turkmenistan to the west?

answer

Caspian Sea

question

Uzbekistan is situated between _________ to the north and __________ to the south.

answer

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

question

Which of these countries has the largest population?

answer

Afghanistan

question

Which of these countries has the largest land area?

answer

Kazakhstan

question

What are the two rivers that feed the Aral Sea?

answer

Amu Darya and Syr Darya

question

In recent years the Aral Sea has lost a significant amount of its volume and surface area. Which of these is probably the main cause of this change?

answer

diversion of water from rivers that feed the sea

question

The Helmand River flows mostly through which country?

answer

Afghanistan

question

Which two countries have direct access to the Caspian Sea?

answer

Russia and Azerbaijan

question

Azerbaijan is divided into two political units by what country?

answer

Armenia

question

Which of these countries is landlocked?

answer

Belarus

question

Macau was the last territory to be returned to China by a European colonial power. Which European colonial power returned it?

answer

Portugal

question

Who are the Ainu?

answer

Ethnic minority in Japan

question

What climate type is found in most of Japan?

answer

Temperate

question

Which of the following phrases best describes the dominant pattern of economic activity in China?

answer

Coastal cities have experienced the bulk of economic growth.

question

Which country of East Asia has the strongest forest preservation efforts in the region?

answer

Japan`

question

What was the Chinese government's short-term objective in creating Special Economic Zones (SEZs)?

answer

to attract foreign investment to increase export production

question

Which of the following represents a weakness in the Chinese economy?

answer

heavy industries cannot compete globally

question

Besides the fact that the British were able to continue selling opium to China, what was the main political or economic consequence of the "opium wars"?

answer

The British demanded and received free trade privileges in certain Chinese port cities.

question

What is the best example of how Cold War politics shaped the political geography of East Asia?

answer

the division of Korea at the 38th parallel into Communist North Korea and non-Communist South Korea

question

How did Japan react to European imperialism in East Asia?

answer

territorial expansion

question

Which Europeans had the greatest colonial presence in East Asia?

answer

the British

question

Ownership of the four southernmost Kuril Islands is disputed. From which country is Japan seeking the return of these four islands?

answer

Russia

question

Japanese culture is most closely identified with which religious tradition?

answer

Shinto

question

Which of the following branches of Buddhism is predominantly practiced in East Asia?

answer

Mahayana

question

Which of the following statements regarding language and ethnicity in China is correct?

answer

Han Chinese speak different languages.

question

The most extensively spoken language in China is ___________.

answer

Mandarin

question

Why is extremely intensive farming practiced in Japan?

answer

Agriculture must share Japan's limited lowlands with cities and suburbs.

question

How do urbanization patterns differ between South Korea and Japan?

answer

Japan's urban population tends to be clustered together in megalopolises, whereas South Korea's urban population lives in a single primate city.

question

Why has China increased its grain imports?

answer

increased consumption of meat

question

What natural disaster poses the biggest threat to the livelihoods of those who occupy the North China Plain?

answer

flooding

question

Which of the following energy sources supplies the bulk of China's energy needs?

answer

burning coal

question

What country in East Asia has resorted to "pollution exporting" as a way to improve its environment?

answer

Japan

question

Which of these Japanese cities is the northernmost?

answer

Sapporo

question

Which of these Chinese cities is the westernmost?

answer

Urumqi

question

Which of these countries has the smallest population?

answer

Taiwan

question

On what river is the Three Gorges Dam located?

answer

Yangtze

question

Which country in East Asia is in proximity to the boundaries of the largest number of tectonic plates?

answer

Japan

question

Where is tsunami activity greatest in Japan?

answer

along the east coast

question

Kashmir lies closest to which of these mountain ranges?

answer

Karakoram

question

What is the most serious natural hazard in Bangladesh?

answer

flooding

question

In which of these countries is nearly all the land at an elevation greater than 2000 meters?

answer

Bhutan

question

If you were located at 10 degrees north latitude and 80 degrees east longitude, you would be situated in a strait between which two countries?

answer

India and Sri Lanka

question

Climate change affects human settlements. In which South Asian river delta will its impacts likely be the most severe?

answer

the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta

question

What is the dominant climate factor for most of South Asia?

answer

monsoon

question

Which of these physical features is situated between the Western and Eastern Ghats?

answer

Deccan Plateau

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the regional geography of economic development in India?

answer

The wealthier areas are located in the south and west, and the poorer areas are in the north and east

question

Religious tradition, dowries, and differences in medical care are all identified as possible explanations for what trend in South Asia's human geography?

answer

male-biased sex ratios

question

Which of the following countries is considered, by most measures, to be the poorest in South Asia?

answer

Bangladesh

question

Following independence from British rule in 1947, South Asia was partitioned into two separate countries: India and Pakistan. Which of the following statements best explains why these new countries' boundaries were drawn the way they were?

answer

Boundaries were drawn in a way that would create one Hindu-majority country and one Muslim-majority country.

question

The historical roots of the ongoing ethnic violence in Kashmir can be traced to which of the following events?

answer

the partition of South Asia

question

How did the end of the Cold War change political alliances in South Asia?

answer

Pakistan is allied with China, and India has partnered with the United States.

question

Which of these countries is experiencing serious Maoist revolutionary movements?

answer

Nepal

question

What is thought to be the geographic origin of Hinduism?

answer

the Ganges Valley

question

South Asia's linguistic geography is diverse, but one language serves as the chief integrating language in the domain. What is this "neutral" language?

answer

English

question

How has the caste system of South Asia changed over the past few decades?

answer

Marriage across caste lines is relatively rare

question

Where do most South Asians live?

answer

compact rural villages

question

What types of practices did the Green Revolution introduce to South Asia?

answer

agricultural techniques involving high-yield crop varieties and heavy use of industrial fertilizers and pesticides

question

How has urbanization affected the city of Mumbai, India?

answer

Most of Mumbai's growth has taken place to the north and east of the city.

question

Which of these is the most likely explanation as to why population densities are so high along the Ganges River?

answer

fertile soils and dependable water supplies

question

Which of these countries possesses the most extensive region of salinization?

answer

Pakistan

question

Which of these factors do you think is the most likely cause of the salinization in this country?

answer

agricultural activities

question

Which of these cities has a population of less than 1,000,000?

answer

Colombo

question

What physical feature is needed for orographic precipitation to occur?

answer

mountain

question

How were the Himalayas formed?

answer

by the collision of peninsular India with the Asian landmass

question

Which country of South Asia has the largest population in the region?

answer

India

question

What are bustees?

answer

sprawling squatter settlements in South Asia

question

What are "hutments"?

answer

crude shelters built on formerly busy sidewalks in India

question

What behavior does the South Asian religion of Jainism emphasize over all others?

answer

nonviolence

question

What are the Tamil Tigers?

answer

a rebel force in Sri Lanka

question

What territory in South Asia is claimed by both India and Pakistan?

answer

Kashmir

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