question

European Debt Crisis- what does it mean, how did happen

answer

all economies are tied together, and meaning the failure of the euro; because of unbalanced fiscal policy

question

What's a good fiscal policy?

answer

making citizens pay taxes and prevent borrowing/ spending (in the example of Europe= to remove trade barriers)

question

6 facts about the European Debt Crisis

answer

1. Fastest way to rebuild after WW2 was to remove trade barriers 2. Maastricht Treaty led to European Union 3. Gave control to European Central Bank 4. Countries could borrow more because if they couldn't pay the big countries would step in 5. Put in austerity measures to cut government spending 6. Must be a political organization to cut spending/ raise taxes

question

Define monetary and fiscal policy.

answer

Monetary policy controls how much money is in the economy, and fiscal policy is how much the government collects in taxes

question

How are the areas of Europe separated, and how do the cultures stay separate?

answer

By geographical features (mountains, water, island), helps cultures stay homogenous

question

Is Europe a continent and a distinct landmass?

answer

Yes; no (actually an appendage/sub-continent of Eurasia)

question

Europe is a culture region made up of the countries of Eurasia lying west of _____,_______,__,__,______________

answer

Turkey, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (the political divide)

question

Traditional physical dividing line between Europe/Asia drawn from= _______ down to the Caucasus

answer

Ural Mountains (so technically Russia/Turkey/Ukraine/etc. are part of Europe)

question

Ural divides Europe/Asia continents ______ while the Baltic states divide it ______

answer

geologically; politically

question

What are 2 chokepoints of Europe?

answer

Turkey's 2 parts on Europe/Asia; Gibraltar of UK

question

True/False. Politically, Europe is much bigger than it is physically.

answer

False; other way around

question

What is the main part consisting of UK, France, Germany, or the countries with most people/ importance in economics/ politics in Europe called?

answer

European Core

question

Besides the Core, name the other 3 parts of Europe

answer

Northern, Southern, and Eastern Europe (the Periphery)

question

Eastern Europe is politically _____ because of the breakup of socialist _______

answer

unstable; Yugoslavia

question

Is Europe smaller or bigger than the US?

answer

smaller (half size of the US's lower 48)

question

True/False. Europe contains one of the world's great clusters of human population.

answer

True (total population 532 million in 2007)

question

True/False. 1 out of every 7 people in world is European.

answer

False; 13

question

How does the population density go in Europe?

answer

Varies widely; lots of people per square mile in Netherlands vs. little in Iceland

question

Name the 4 countries that alone comprise half of Europe's population, and that dominate the economy.

answer

1. Germany 2. France (same as UK number) 3. United Kingdom 4. Italy

question

The greatest population densities are found in the ________________ near historical sources of coal and hydroelectric power

answer

2 belts of industrialization and urbanization

question

The industrial belts go approximately

answer

North-South from the UK to Italy; East-West from from UK to Poland

question

Difference between Eurozone, EU, and Schengenland.

answer

Eurozone= 19 countries currently using the euro as its currency; center of the EMU (european economic and monetary union) EU= most important of Europe's supranational organizations, has 38 countries and began as the Common Market (or European Economic Community) Schengenland= a situation in which there would be no passport/ visa/ control issues at any internal frontiers of member countries (The Eurozone is mostly about currency, whereas European Union is a social cause, trade, and free movement of people, goods and services.)

question

True/False. These belts contain large cities and produce less goods and services than the rest of Europe combined.

answer

False; more (goods/services)

question

Since it produces the most food, the industrial belts are a __________

answer

breadbasket

question

Name 3 other areas on Earth that resemble Europe's urban-industrial belts.

answer

Eastern North America (Bowash), Japan, and China

question

True/False. Europe's population is the same.

answer

False; declining

question

True/ False. Europe's population peaked in 1984.

answer

False; 1997

question

Name the 2 levels of demographic transition Europe went through.

answer

1st level (more babies needed for agriculture, more death from disease) and to 4th/going into 5th (population decreasing)

question

Nickname that show's that Europe's population is declining

answer

Birth Dearth

question

"Birth Dearth" shows that the birth rates are __

answer

low

question

Why are the birth rates in Europe low?

answer

Employed and educated women choosing not to devote time and money necessary to raise children (P.S No European country maintaining its population through births--birth rate is under death rate!)

question

The fertility rate in Europe is _____ population replacement level.

answer

below

question

Europe's population is ____ faster than all other world regions

answer

aging

question

The low birth rates in Europe means that there is not enough people which is ____ for the economy.

answer

bad (less people than jobs, etc.)

question

Why are the low birth rates ironic? And what does this mean?

answer

Catholicism religion (cherishes babies); religion is decreasing (Catholic church is losing its hold on Europe)

question

Name the 2 strategies Europe has implemented to raise the birth rates.

answer

1. Cash incentives ("baby bounties") to parents who have multiple children 2. Offering welfare benefits to immigrants

question

Where do most of the immigrants come from?

answer

North Africa

question

If birth rates remain at their current low level, the European Union will have a shortfall of 20 million _____ by 2030; the EU would need _______ migrants per year to prevent this

answer

workers; 3 million

question

Government used to not want to impose harsh measures on restricting migration, but now that's changing. Why?

answer

Immigrants increasingly viewed as a financial burden on society, and unraveling the social safety net of the welfare state.

question

What does "Immigrants threatening to unravel the social safety net of the European welfare state" mean?

answer

Immigrants using up all of the welfare money, European countries worried about their country becoming bankrupt and not being able to use welfare for own citizens

question

True/ False. The immigrants are living outside mainstream European society instead of becoming integrated within it.

answer

True

question

The expectation from Europe was to have outsiders ______, but that's not happening.

answer

assimilate

question

With immigrants, there is what kind of phobia?

answer

Islamophobia

question

True/False. Immigration Statistics: 500,000 people enter EU legally each year; 1.8 million people more people enter the EU illegally each year

answer

False; switch numbers

question

The main physical characteristic of Europe, that accounts for mountains, islands, etc., is its ____ ____

answer

irregular shape

question

Other physical characteristics of Europe include (3)

answer

high latitude, temperate climate, and jagged coastal outline (good for natural harbors)

question

What physical characteristics of Europe offers protection for shipping? (2)

answer

estuaries (semi-enclosed/brackish, tidal mouths of rivers) and harbors

question

Much of Europe's history has focused on __borne trade, __fisheries, and __ power (1 word)

answer

sea

question

Much of Europe lies ____ of conterminous U.S resulting in ___ ___ days and __ ___ days

answer

north; long, summer; short, winter

question

Europe has mild climates, despite its _____ _____

answer

high latitude

question

The Warm Ocean Currents of Europe include the (2)

answer

Gulf Stream; North Atlantic Drift

question

What is the North Atlantic Drift?

answer

Area in the North Atlantic Ocean where warm water of the Gulf Stream and cold water from the Arctic Ocean mix

question

What is the North Atlantic Drift good for? (hint: swordfish)

answer

fishing

question

Why does Britain have so much rain?

answer

Westerly winds go across North Atlantic Drift, which is warmed by the Gulf Stream

question

Europe has _____ Winds

answer

Westerly

question

Name the 3 characteristics of the Westerlies.

answer

1. Winter winds absorb heat from ocean and transport to land 2. In the summer, the ocean is cooler than land, so the winds have a cooling effect 3. Winds bring abundant moisture (average annual precipitation in European lowlands is 20-40 inches)

question

True/False. Average annual precipitation in European lowlands is 20-40 inches.

answer

True

question

Europe's topographic features are very _____, and have been enriched by human associations of an eventful ____

answer

diverse; history

question

The greater part of Europe's cultivated land, extending from the French-Spanish border far into Russia is the

answer

North European Plain

question

The North European Plain is the most _____

answer

populated

question

Underlain by deposits of coal, iron ore, and other minerals important in the region's industrial development= ________

answer

North European Plain

question

The North European Plain has people-wanted what 3 items, also making it a _____

answer

food, water, minerals (!); breadbasket

question

____ of the North European Plain, the region is ___ and _________, with notable peaks including Mount Blanc (French- Italian border) and the iconic Swiss Matterhorn

answer

South; hilly, mountainous

question

True/False. Swiss Matterhorn is in the North European Plain.

answer

False; south of it

question

___ created favorable sites for hydroelectric installations in Europe.

answer

Glaciation

question

Glacial deposition left fertile deposits on most of the _________ that are productively farmed today, meaning ___ ___

answer

North European Plain; good soil

question

North European Plain carves earth for water, but it has _____, so it makes it running water, allowing for _________

answer

elevation; hydroelectricity

question

Despite its relatively small size, Europe has remarkable _______&____ diversity

answer

climatic, biotic

question

Name the climates of Europe.

answer

1. Marine West Coast 2. Humid Continental Short-Summer (Cold) 3. Humid Continental Long-Summer (Warm) 4. Mediterranean 5. Subarctic and Tundra (northern) 6. Undifferentiated Highland

question

Why is there marine west coast climate in Europe?

answer

Winds flow along the North Atlantic Drift

question

Uses of rivers systems: (4)

answer

transport (rivers still make it possible to move cargo at low cost), water supply, electricity generation, and recreation

question

Dutch developed the ___ ____ for canals

answer

pound lock

question

The ____ and ____ traverse many countries and are important arteries for the flow of goods )2 important rivers)

answer

Rhine; Danube

question

Important Seaports ___ a lot of ___ for the EU

answer

move; goods

question

Name the 4 important seaports of the EU

answer

1. London on the Thames (estuary) 2. Antwerp on the Scheldt (especially) 3. Rotterdam in the delta of the Rhine (especially) 4. Hamburg on the Elbe

question

Europe is a region marked by extraordinary cultural diversity (t/f); many countries into a relatively large land area however, so richness cannot be experienced through a brief train ride through Europe (t/f)

answer

true; false

question

Euurope emerged from prehistory as homeland of many different peoples; great expansion of ____ and ____ peoples/ languages

answer

Greek; Celtic

question

Name the major language families, and the languages in each (3)

answer

1. Romance (the big languages):Italian, French, Spanish & Portuguese 2. Germanic: German, English, Dutch, Danish & Swedish 3. Slavic: Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak & Serbian

question

Romance language family evolved from ____

answer

Latin

question

Europe's religious roots were with the dominance of _____

answer

Christianity (Embraced by Emperor Constantine in the 4th Century)

question

What is Europe's largest religious group (280 million followers), and where is its' center?

answer

Roman Catholic Church; Vatican City

question

What religious group developed in Constantinople during Middle Ages as rival to Rome?

answer

Eastern Orthodox Church

question

Sects emerging from ___ reformation in the 16th century

answer

Protestant

question

Protestant religion has what: (3 parts)

answer

1. Church of England (Henry the 8th made for Protestants; however in the UK, Ireland is still very Catholic) 2.Calvinism 3. Lutheran Protestantism

question

Europe has become increasingly ____ (referring to its religion)

answer

secularized

question

What does being secularized mean?

answer

You don't have a religion (but you still believe in something; less religious)

question

____ is fastest growing religion in Europe

answer

Islam

question

Islam is growing faster on where, and why

answer

On 2 industrialized belts; immigrants needing jobs from North Africa

question

How many Jews in Europe, after Holocaust/ emigration to Israel, are left today?

answer

one million

question

The __ ___ was an important global trade route, connecting China and Venice.

answer

Silk Road

question

What 2 main things were shipped on the Silk Road?

answer

spices and textiles

question

The balance of of world affairs started shifting to Europe with the beginning of the __ _ _______ in the 15th century

answer

Age of Discovery

question

The process of exploration and discovery began with _____ expeditions down the west coast of _____.

answer

Portuguese; Africa

question

Explorers were the ______ of a global European invasion that would bring the missionaries, soldiers, traders, settlers, and administrators

answer

vanguards

question

What are vanguards?

answer

soldiers sent in front of an army

question

What was important in reshaping the world's biogeography?

answer

The Columbian Exchange

question

What was the Columbian Exchange?

answer

the transfer of plants and animals from one place to another following Europe's conquest of the Americas

question

Europe had significant material and cultural riches, which the colonial system built on to make it the world's wealthiest region for centuries. How did it become that way?

answer

They conquered anywhere they could get rich in.

question

Achievements in shipbuilding, navigation, and the manufacture and handling of weapons gave Europe decided advantages; true/false

answer

True

question

Foundations of modern science primarily came out of Asia; true/false

answer

False; Europe

question

1st world region to evolve from an ___ to an ___ society

answer

agricultural; industrial

question

The ______ Revolution began in Europe, specially in ____ ___

answer

Industrial; Great Britain

question

True/ False. By 1800, European cities created about 90% of world's manufacturing output

answer

False; 1900

question

True/ False. In 20th century, Europe's preeminence in world trade and industry diminished to about 45% of the world's manufacturing output.

answer

False; 25% (only a quarter)

question

Why did Europe's industry manufacturing output diminish so much? Name all 5 reasons.

answer

1.Warfare (World Wars) 2. Rising nationalism (1 country vs. another country) 3. Rising economic and political stature of US and USSR 4. A major shift in global manufacturing patterns 5. Dependence on outside sources of energy

question

Explain the major shift in global manufacturing patterns away from Europe.

answer

Happening now; making things where labor is cheaper

question

_____ Europe is wealthier than ____ Europe

answer

Western; Eastern

question

Trend dates to at last the 1870s when per capita incomes in the west were twice those in the east; After World War II, eastern European countries were in effect colonized by the Soviet Union; what is this describing?

answer

how Western Europe is wealthier than Eastern

question

Eastern countries served as ____ states that gave up human and material resources to service the motherland; what does the underlined term mean?

answer

vassal; refers to itself as independent but not really

question

What is the hope for Eastern Europe?

answer

Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and admission of eastern European countries to the EU

question

Iron Curtain was divided part between ___ Europe from ___ Europe

answer

Free; Communist

question

What was the original foundation of and is still very important of Europe's economy?

answer

agriculture

question

What were some agricultural advances after about 1500? (4; first 2 more important )

answer

1. Introduction of new crops, such as the potato (Columbian Exchange) 2. New systems of crop rotation (Fertile soil) 3. Scientific advancements 4. Industrial cities provided growing markets for farmers

question

Farmers protected through tariffs or direct ____

answer

subsides

question

The subsides/tariffs that protect the farmers artificially ___ _ ____

answer

inflate the market

question

_____ is an important part of the European food economy

answer

Fishing

question

Name 2 characteristics of fishing in the economy.

answer

1.Control of fishing grounds as commercial/ political objective 2. Overfishing of cod

question

Europe's Post industrial Economy is a shift from big industries toward what?

answer

economy based on services and production of high-tech goods

question

Europe's shift from big industries to smaller causes what problem?

answer

unemployment (these industries do not employ as many people as the old manufacturing sector)

question

Many European nations fit the model of _____ state

answer

welfare

question

Welfare state means that the ____ provides a lot of _____

answer

government; services

question

How does the government get the money to use for resources to provide services to citizens?

answer

high taxation rates

question

The EU has what major problem?

answer

Nationalism

question

EU headquartered in

answer

Brussels, Belgium

question

EU is important of Europe's _____ organizations

answer

supranational

question

EU began as the European Economic Community, also known as ____ ___ in 1957

answer

Common Market,

question

Beginning countries of EU were (6)

answer

France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands

question

True/ False. EU was initially designed to secure the benefits of large-scale production by pooling resources and markets of its members.

answer

True!

question

What were the first things the EU did? (if goal was to improve economies/ markets)

answer

1. Tariffs eliminated on goods moving between member states 2. Restrictions on the movement of labor and capital between member states were eased 3. Monopolies that restricted competition were discouraged 4. Common set of external tariffs established to regulate imports

question

True/ False. European Union was always the name of the organization.

answer

False; acquired in 1993

question

By 1996, 9 more members had joined the EU; true/ false

answer

true

question

How many countries currently in the EU?

answer

38

question

What single European Union currency was launched in _____?

answer

the euro; 1999

question

Euro was launched as centerpiece of= (name, and abbreviation)

answer

European Economic and Monetary Union; EMU

question

Who decides interest rates and other critical decisions of most of Europe?

answer

European Central Bank

question

What are some of the believed advantages of a common currency? (for the euro specifically)

answer

Lower transaction costs, more certainty for investors, enhanced competition, more consistent pricing, restrain public spending/ reduce debt/ tame inflation

question

Currently __ countries using the euro as its currency

answer

19

question

Why are some countries not using the euro as its currency?

answer

Nationalism

question

Europe's Big Bang comprised of what?

answer

10 eastern european nations joining the EU (2004) (Poland, Hungary, etc.), which created a Mega-Europe (450 million people and an economy worth $10 trillion)

question

Most outstanding differences between the old/new EU members?

answer

Their economies; old EU having 95% of continent's wealth (embracing the less wealthy)

question

True/False. After the big bang countries joined, the EU's average wealth per person rose by 13%.

answer

False; it fell

question

How are Europe's geopolitical issues?

answer

Their situation has changed more profoundly and violently in the past 100 years than any other world region.

question

Why is Europe's geopolitical issues so bad?

answer

2 world wars (lots of devastation; I and II), and then followed by the Cold War

question

What happened post-war Europe?

answer

European Union created, largest post-war supranational organization (federation similar to US_

question

The European Union member countries are united _____ the authority of any _____ national government and planned/ controlled by a ____ of ____

answer

beyond; single; group; nations

question

After the Cold War, what was formed?

answer

NATO (west European nations and US; a military alliance) and Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union/eastern satellites)

question

Cold War ended with what?

answer

collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991

question

Once the Cold War ended, the __ ____ was dissolved, ____ arsenals of the respective alliances were reduced and plans made to turn the path of the Iron Curtain into the European ________, a mosaic of national ____ and other protected areas

answer

Warsaw Pact; nuclear; Greenbelt; parks

question

NATO ____ today with a membership of 28 countries

answer

remains

question

What is Schengenland?

answer

EU would like to have a situation in which there are no (passport, visa, or other) control issues at any internal (land, sea, and airport) frontiers of its member countries

question

What Agreement seeks this integration for Schengenland?

answer

Schengen

question

Schengen Agreement allows for the __ ________ of people between nations that signed the agreement; member states exercise common visa, asylum, and other _____ at their external borders

answer

free circulation; policies

question

Why are truly open borders probably still far in the future? Name the 3 problems.

answer

1. Anti-immigrant fears 2. Cheap eastern labor 3. Terrorists

question

Differences between Europeans and Americans= -Concept of ____ ___ -Provision of and spending on ____ ______ -Taxes on ___ -Views on U.S "____ ______" (e.g., Hollywood films) -Allowance of questions of ______ into political debates -Acceptance of ___ ____ (outlawed in EU countries) Differences on the ____ front

answer

social justice; public education; gasoline; cultural industries; spirituality; death penalty; geopolitical

question

Countries of the European Core

answer

Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, smaller nations in British Isles, and Benelux

question

West central portions of European mainland=

answer

Benelux

question

Benelux=

answer

Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

question

What is the European Periphery made up of?

answer

Northern, Southern, and Eastern Europe

question

Properties of the European Core= -Densest, most ___ _____ -Most prosperous ____ -Lowest ________ -Most productive ______ -Most conservative ______ -Greatest _________ ___ ______ and railroads -Highest levels of crowding, congestion, and ____

answer

urbanized population; economy; unemployment; agriculture; politics; concentration of highways; pollution

question

The European Core is 1 of only 4 world regions classified as a

answer

major cluster of continuous settlement

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