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Decreases at a decreasing rate with increase of altitude is:

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AIR PRESSURE

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The smallest atmospheric particles can remain suspended in the atmosphere for a period of:

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YEARS

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The middle latitudes are dominated by wind flows which are mainly from the:

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WEST

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The segment of the atmosphere which blends into interplanetary space is called the:

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EXOSPHERE

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With the exception of water vapor,

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CARBON DIOXIDE is the most plentiful of the variable gases in the atmosphere.

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Oxygen is the

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SECOND component of the atmosphere in terms of volume.

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The main component of the lower atmosphere by total volume is:

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NITROGEN

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In general, warm ocean currents are located

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EAST of the continents.

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The influence on climate of carbon dioxide is mainly due to its ability to absorb:

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INFRARED RADIATION

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The segment of the atmosphere in which gases maintain an approximately uniform composition is the:

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HOMOSPHERE

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Chlorofluorocarbons are closely associated with the breakdown of the

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OZONE layer.

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The main impact of ozone on life on the Earth's surface is to reduce

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ULTRA VIOLET radiation.

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On the average, the troposphere is highest above the surface over the:

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EQUATOR

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The ozone layer is in that portion of the atmosphere known as the:

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STRATOSPHERE

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Ozone is destroyed by CFCs because the

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CHLORINE in the CFCs combines with oxygen.

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PARTICULATES

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is (are) crucial to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere

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A major characteristic of the troposphere is the

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DECREASE of temperature with increasing altitude.

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Oxygen is being added to the atmosphere by:

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VEGETATION

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The third most plentiful gas in the Earth's lower atmosphere is:

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ARGON

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Water vapor is nearly absent in the

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UPPER portion of the atmosphere.

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Together, oxygen and nitrogen comprise

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NINETY-FIVE (95%) percentage of the atmosphere.

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Clouds owe their existence to the presence of atmospheric

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PARTICLES

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The source of warming in the upper stratosphere is

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ENERGY emitted from the breakdown of OZONE.

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The climatic control which can be considered to be the "most important is:

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LATITUDE

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"Weather" and "climate" are differentiated because climate studies the:

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LONG TERM

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Mountains act as major climatic barriers with the sheltered or

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LEEWARD side receiving less moisture than the exposed side.

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A major source of nitrogen in the atmosphere is:

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PLANT DECAY

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Solar energy is also known as:

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INSOLATION

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Only

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TWO BILLIONTH of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.

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For the most part the atmosphere is heated from the:

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EARTH SURFACE

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The country that is the world's leading producer of carbon dioxide is:

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CHINA

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Heat transferred laterally in the atmosphere by horizontal wind movements is a process called:

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ADVECTION

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More than three-fourths of all sunshine falls on

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WATER as it reaches Earth's surface.

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Emission of energy is most closely associated with:

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RADIATION

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A human-manufactured "greenhouse gas is:

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CHLOROFLUOROCARBON

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The substance that is the best transmitter of solar energy is:

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AIR

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The energy emitted from the Sun is a product of:

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FUSION

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With respect to absorption of solar radiation, it is understood that

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DARK COLORS are the most efficient absorbers.

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The process that explains the slow rate of snow melt on a sunny day when the air temperature is above freezing is:

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REFLECTION

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The most prolific producer of carbon dioxide is the burning of:

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COAL

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Albedo is the percentage of energy

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REFLECTED from an object compared to the original amount of energy that struck the object.

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Adiabatic processes cause cooling by:

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DECOMPRESSION

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Almost all terrestrial radiation can be considered to be:

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LONG WAVE

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The specific heat of water is greater than that of land.

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This means that water cools SLOWER than does land.

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HEAT

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refers to the speed at which the atoms in a substance are vibrating.

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In the Northern Hemisphere, a yearly net surplus of energy is experienced for all latitudes south of

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TWENTY-EIGHT (28) degrees.

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The process of evaporation of water to gas releases stored energy called:

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LATENT HEAT

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The only ocean current in the world whose flow is unbroken by any continent is:

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WEST WIND DRIFT

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The Sun's radiant energy reaches the Earth across space in approximately:

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EIGHT MINUTES.

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Although several factors are involved, the main factor controlling the distribution of annual average temperature for Earth as a whole is:

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LATITUDE

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The absorption of long wave radiation in the atmosphere is popularly called:

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GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

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For atmospheric radiation,

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FOUR micrometer(s) is considered to be the boundary between "shortwaves" and "long waves."

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The reddish tint of the Sun in the late afternoon results from

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SCATTERING

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The longest of all visible light waves are:

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RED

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Almost all solar radiation can be considered to be:

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SHORT WAVE

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A body that emits the maximum amount of radiation possible, at every wavelength for its temperature is a:

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BLACK BODY

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Major surface currents are set in motion by:

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WINDS

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The poles are most closely associated with

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HIGH pressure.

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MOUNTAIN

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and land breezes both occur at night.

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The denser packing of molecules at the bottom of the atmosphere than molecules at the top of the atmosphere is a result of:

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GRAVITY

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The reason winds exist is

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UNEQUAL heating of the Earth system.

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The

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DOLDRUMS occurs close to the Equator.

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ROSSBY

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waves are large undulations in the upper air westerlies.

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A counterclockwise atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is known as:

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CYCLONE

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Flowing air responding to the difference between higher and lower pressure is responding to the:

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INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE.

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Coriolis effect exists because:

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EARTH ROTATES

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An example of a geostrophic wind is:

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JET STREAM

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The "horse latitudes" are zones of minimal winds which are associated with the

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SUBTROPICAL high pressure system.

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The United States tends to have the greatest average wind speeds in all seasons:

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GREAT PLAINS

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Over most of the United States

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WINTER is the time of year with the greatest winds.

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ISOBARS

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are map lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.

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Geostrophic wind always flows

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PARALLEL to the isobars.

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You are standing on a shoreline with the ocean o your west. The wind is traveling from west to east. The wind would be called:

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ONSHORE

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Rising of air over large areas is most properly known as

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ASCENT

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The basic unit of pressure mapped on weather maps is:

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MILLIBARS

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In a surface anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere, winds spiral:

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COUNTERCLOCKWISE

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Surface winds tend to be

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SLOWER than those at a higher level.

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Above the influence of friction, most winds follow a(n)

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GEOSTROPHIC course

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At Earth's surface, warm temperatures are associated with:

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LOWER PRESSURE

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The region in which the inter tropical convergence can be found is the:

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EQUATOR

question

The strong rise of air produces a:

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DYNAMIC LOW

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Zonal air flow in the middle latitudes means a(n)

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WEST EAST flow of air.

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El Niño is most closely associated with weakening

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of COLD current.

Geography Chapter 3,4,5 Study Guide – Flashcards

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