Geography Ch. 4 Study Guide – Flashcards
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What is the correct order of zones that make up the Altitudinal Zonation model, from lowest elevation to highest elevation?
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Tierra Caliente, Tierra Templada, Tierra Fria, and Tierra Helada
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Which of the following is not a classification of altitudinal zonation?
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Tierra Plata
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In what country can both Mediterranean and Marine Coastal climates be found?
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Chile
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During El Nino conditions, which of the following frequently occurs in the Latin America region?
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Warming of sea-surface temperatures
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Which landform is not considered part of Latin America?
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Guiana Shield
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In the Altitudinal Zonation model, each zone is associated with distinct vegetation types and different agricultural activities. Which of the following relationships is correct regarding vegetation types?
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Sugar can and bananas are in the Tierra Client zone
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What Latin American country has the lowest percentage of urbanization and the highest total fertility rate?
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Guatemala
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What is one reason that the site of Mexico City has long been a center of population dating back from the days of the Aztecs to today?
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The city is located on a flat plain where erosion from the surrounding volcanic mountains has provided very fertile soils
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Which of the following is not true regarding international migration flows from Latin America?
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No South Americans migrate to the United States
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the diversity of landforms found in Latin America?
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The chain of volcanoes stretching from Guatemala to Costa Rica lies along the Pacific coast of Central America
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Which of the following is correct regarding climate patterns in Latin America?
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The easterly trade winds bring moisture to the was coast of Brazil and consequently abundant rainfall levels
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The environmental conditions that allowed Mexico City to become one of Latin America's major metropolitan areas have also contributed to the city's pollution problem. Which of the following is not a characteristic of these pollution-causing environmental factors?
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Increased air pollution trapped in the valley has caused the air to warm considerably, causing the snow to melt faster.
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Humans transformed the Latin American landscape in numerous ways. What is one way that humans have reshaped the Latin American landscape?
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Desert waters have been diverted for centuries to the region's major population centers.
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Which of the following countries does not show any indication of deforestation?
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Argentina
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Which of the following cities would be considered a primate city?
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Buenos Aires
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Which of the following would not be an example of an emerging Latin American megalopolis?
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Caracas - Maracay - Valencia
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the Andes Mountains?
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Lake Titicaca, one of the high-altitude lakes found in the Andes, is on the border of Peru and Bolivia.
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Greenhouse gas emissions in Latin America are lower than those in most of the developing world. What is the most accurate statement that explains this outcome?
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Latin America has lower-than-average energy consumption.
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There are three main river basins in Latin America: the Amazon, the Plata, and the Orinoco. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the basins and their rivers?
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The Amazon River is the largest river system in the world by volume and the second in length.
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Which of the following areas of the Latin American City Model (extending out from the city center) best represents class divisions?
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CBD - Elite residential sector - Zone of Maturity - Zone of in situ accretion - Zone of peripheral squatter settlements
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Climate change is already affecting Latin America. Which of the following is a major effect of global warming in Latin America?
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The higher levels of carbon dioxide associated with global warming are drying the Amazon rainforests, thereby reducing its ability to absorb carbon.
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What climate region dominates most of the central portion of South America?
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Tropical
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Which of the following is the largest major river in the Latin America region by discharge?
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The Amazon River
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Deforestation is the environmental issue most commonly associated with Latin America. Which of the following factors related to deforestation in Latin America is most correct?
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In the Brazilian Amazon, deforestation is caused by a variety of factors, including expansion of industrial mining and logging, the growth in corporate farms, and continued population growth.
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What explains the basic topography of Latin America?
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The movement of tectonic plates
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Where are the Andes Mountains located?
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along the west coast of South America
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What is the range of elevation above sea level in the Amazon Basin?
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0-200 meters
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Where does the Amazon River system start? In other words, where are the headwaters or sources of the Amazon River system located?
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in the Andes Mountains
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Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Latin America - Physical Geography and Climate Part E
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-There are many tributaries to the Amazon River -Like North America, South America's highest elevations are in the west, with lower elevations toward the east -The rivers in the Amazon system begin in the Andes Mountains and flow into the Atlantic Ocean
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What is the general pattern of wind in the Amazon Basin region?
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from east to west
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What is the source of the moisture that feeds the rivers in the Amazon Basin?
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the Atlantic Ocean
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What climate type is most common on the west coast of South America, to the west of the Andes Mountains?
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B - dry
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Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Latin America - Physical Geography and Climate Part I
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-Through much of Latin America, there is little seasonality in the temperatures -Orographic precipitation plays a role in the high rainfall and plentiful rivers of the Amazon Basin -Latitude plays a role in the climates of Latin America
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What percentage of the world's known species live in the Amazon Rainforest?
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one-tenth of the world's known species
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Currently, what two groups are primarily responsible for cutting down large sections of the tropical rainforest?
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Brazil's ranchers and commercial farmers are primarily responsible for cutting down large sections of the tropical rainforest.
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How does Brazil's environmental protection agency protect 4 million square kilometers of tropical rainforest with only six helicopters and 600 officers?
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Brazil's environmental protection agency uses satellite monitoring technology to detect deforestation.
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What percentage of the Amazon Rainforest is still standing?
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Eighty percent of the Amazon Rainforest is still standing.
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What is the overall population density of the Amazon Basin?
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fewer than 6 people per square kilometer
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In which of these areas is a large proportion of the population of Latin America located?
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in the coastal regions
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Which of these groups of cities is an emerging megalopolis in Latin America?
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Rio de Janeiro - Santos - São Paulo in Brazil
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Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Latin America - Population and Development Part E
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-The population of Latin America is unevenly distributed. -There are more metropolitan areas with 1-5 million people than there are metropolitan areas with 10 million people or more. -Central America is more densely settled than South America.
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Which of these countries has the largest population in Latin America?
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Brazil
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How many countries of Latin America have a total fertility rate that is below replacement level?
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4
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Which Latin American country has the highest rate of net migration?
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Costa Rica
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Which Latin American country has the highest level of gender inequality?
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Guatemala
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How many Latin American countries saw an improvement in their under-age-5 mortality rate between 1990 and 2011?
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all of them
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Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Latin America - Population and Development Part K
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-In most countries of Latin America, adult literacy is slightly higher in males than females. -In general, countries with a higher total fertility rate also tend to have a higher rate of natural increase and a higher percentage of their populations under the age of 15. -There are growing opportunities for women in government in Latin America.
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Which of these countries does not possess a large number of indigenous language speakers?
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Uruguay
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If you were traveling in La Paz, which of these languages would you most likely hear spoken?
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Spanish and Aymara
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What is the predominant language spoken in Brazil?
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Portuguese
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What it the correlation between the location of Brazil's indigenous-language speakers and Brazil's physical geography?
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Native speakers tend to be concentrated throughout the Amazon Basin and in highlands.
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Which of these is the least likely explanation for this settlement pattern of indigenous-language speakers?
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It reflects the location of cooler climates that are more favorable for indigenous settlement.
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In which of these cities would you most likely find African as a dominant ethnic group?
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Fortaleza
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Which of these do you think is the most likely reason why Africans would be found in this city?
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They are descendants of African slaves who were brought to serve as workers on plantations during the colonial period.
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Which of the following best characterizes the physical environment of Tijuana, Mexico?
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Hot, dry desert
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Why has Tijuana grown to be one of the largest and fastest growing cities in Mexico?
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Rapid growth of maquiladoras
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What are maquiladoras?
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Foreign-owned factories located in Mexico in order to take advantage of cheaper Mexican labor
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How has the rapid growth of Tijuana caused problems for residents?
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Basic services such as sewage treatment and waste disposal have not been able to keep up with the rapid growth.
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How do most houses in Tijuana get clean water?
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Water is delivered to houses by tanker trucks.
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In Mexico the poorest states tend to lie ________________.
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south of Mexico City
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In Brazil the poorest states tend to lie _________________.
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in the northeast
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On which of these physical features are industrial diamonds mined?
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Guiana Shield
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Where in Mexico, aside from the vicinity of Mexico City, are industrial regions found?
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along the border with the United States
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Which of these is the most likely explanation for the concentration of industrial facilities in this region?
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They include many assembly plants that trade principally with the United States.
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Which of these countries is the least reliant on remittances from immigrants?
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Uruguay
