question

maritime effects

answer

north Atlantic drift and gulf stream cause for maritime climate in the east

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europe is much ___ than north america

answer

smaller

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most significant environmental problems in the region

answer

eastern europe (former communist countries) has significant environmental problems (especially air pollution

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population density

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corresponds closely to topography

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growth

answer

slow natural growth and even decline in the post industrial economy. without immigration, they would be shrinking

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europe has an __ population

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old population- there are incentives to child bearing

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immigration

answer

from both inside and outside europe is a major political issue and the source of cultural conflicts -many believe there are too many immigrants and immigration is a problem not an opportunity migration would seem to make sense to battle the growing age group

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Immigration is major political issue in ___

answer

italy, especialy in the northern part of the country

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immigration outside europe often

answer

linked to imperial past

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cultural clashings

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especially between muslim immigrants and their european born children and christian and secular europeans

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France and conflict

answer

unemployment is very high among muslim use in france

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Jihadists

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europe is frequently targeted but also sends jihadists to soutwest asia

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Germany

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accepts the most immigrants then comes sweden

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mediterranean

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european culture has greatly been influenced by southwest asian and african societies especially around the mediterranean- influences on relgion, writing, legal systems, maths, etc

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England and wales religion

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in wales and england many high percentages saying no religion on census form in 2011 compared to 2001

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east west geography on attitudes toward same sex marriage

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west allows for it but east does not

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religion

answer

west and southwest is roman catholic southeast is eastern orthodox (greek) northeast is protestantism

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Scotland

answer

almost voted to succeed form the UK in 2014

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Basques

answer

minority people in western foothills of spain, want to complete independence are important minority in spain

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Roma

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10 percent of the populations of ROmania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Slovakia - are a stateless nation

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Yugoslavia

answer

has been broken into different political territories based largely on ethnicity- but there is considerable overlap of ethnic groups across political boundaries 6: bosnia, herzegovina, croatia, macedonia, montenegro, serbia, slovenia

question

where do indigenous minorities live

answer

in far northern areas

question

North south differences in Italy

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the economic split is wide north is rich and south is poor

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Germany integration issue

answer

reunificaiton of east and west has raised cultural differences not associated with ethnic diversity southwest still very affluent compared to east

question

the face of modern europe is often traced to

answer

napoleonic era old empires

question

European geopolitics has altered the course of these countries borders

answer

Baltic states, poland, belarus, moldova due to their location

question

recent experience with ____

answer

absoulte monarchy and totalitariam forms of government -fascist dictatorships in germany, italy, spain portugal -communist dictatiorships in poland, former czechoslovakia, hungary, romaina, east germany

question

Warsaw pact

answer

A military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations.

question

NATO

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries- ANTI SOVIET -included the USA and TURKEY - US provides huge share of NATOS budget

question

Europes incomes higher

answer

in north and west

question

economic transition in the east

answer

has been rock, transition from communism to western capitalism

question

Europe is home to

answer

the industrial revolution -manuf strongest in the northern countries -southern european countries traditionally agricultural -geographic split btw manuf and agr has declined considerable since the establishment and growth of the EU

question

EU

answer

started as a free trade area for the coal and steel industries of the Benelux countries (Belgium Netherlands, Luxembourgh, West Germany and France) -now encompasses 28 countries- trade in goods, finance, migration can proceed without restriction -many EU countries adopted EURO -euroskeptics seem to be on the rise

question

Eurozone problems

answer

debt problems are creating serious difficulties in the eurozone- it could be that the EURO will not survive in its current context

question

Brexit

answer

The possible British Exit from the European Union process has begun -divide: northern UK did not want to leave (Scotland, Northern Ireland) but Wales and england in south wanted to -scotland may again have a UK recession vote

question

Cold war

answer

(1945 to 1990) divided the continent and the world into two hostile and highly armed camps- Europe and the US against the former soviet union and its allies -followed the 2 world wars

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European Union

answer

europe today attempts to set aside nationalistic pride and work toward regional economic political and cultural integration through the EU- supranational org made of 27 countries anchored by the western Euro states Germany, France, Italy, and UK

question

4 types of landform region

answer

european lowlands: economic focus of western europe alpine mountain system central uplands western highlands

question

fjords

answer

U shaped glaciated valleys get flooded by ocean. A portion of teh WESTERN HIGHLANDS forms the highland spine of England, Wales, and Scotland where picturesque glaciated landscapes are found at modest elevations- these U shaped valleys get flooded and form fjords

question

maritime climate

answer

along atlantic coast moderate and moist climate dominates modified by oceanic influences it is warmer in europe than us in winter at similar latitudes because of OCEAN CURRENTS AND THE GULF STREAM climate type that is strongly influenced by the closeness of an ocean or other large water body. The annual temperature range tends to be small and precipitation is high.

question

continental climates

answer

further inland, these climates prevail with hotter summers and colder winters (Berlin, poland, sweden)

question

mediterranean climate

answer

dry summer and wet cool winter found in southern europe from spain to greece due to the mediterranean sea the type of climate found in most of Southern Europe that includes little rain in the summer and mild winters (spain, italy, greece)

question

North atlantic current

answer

most important control of climate is the atlantic ocean in europe -mild north atlantic current which is the continuation of the gulf stream moderates coastal temps- creates maritime influences

question

marine west coast climate

answer

Climatic region of northern Europe, northwestern North America, southern Chile, and portions of Australia and New Zealand; characterized by year-round cool and wet atmospheric conditions. -no winter months average below freezing, even though cold rain sleet are common visitors in winter. summers are often cloudy and overcast with frequent rain as moisture flows ffrom ocean. IRELAND the emerald isle is an appropriate icon of THIS MARITIME CLIMATE (UK FRANCE etc)

question

Danube

answer

europes longest river

question

the english channel

answer

separates the bristish isle form continental europe

question

four major seas in europe

answer

north: Baltic sea Northwest: North sea South: mediterranean East: Black sea

question

acid rain

answer

air pollution in england cause massive acid rain prolems in sweden

question

EU and environment

answer

EU has taken the lead in addressing the regions environmental issues. As a result Europe is one o the greenest of the major world regions

question

Europe and Kyoto

answer

EU set a collective goal of 8 percent reduction below 1990 GHG emission levels as an umbrella for its member states -started the worlds largest carbon trading scheme in 2005 which rewards those that stay under their carbon quota and makes it costly for those who dont

question

results of environment change

answer

about 1% bc didnt think a huge reliance on truck tansport would be a thing -major industrial powers like england and germany reduced their emisisons by over 10%

question

pro growth policies

answer

low or no growth of population is considered economic and social liability -so, programs and policies have arisen to promote pop growth -ban abortion and sale of contraceptives, -FAMILY FRIENDLY POLICIES- full payment of maternity and paternity leaves, guarantees to continued employment, extensive child care facilities, etc

question

Schengen agreement

answer

EU has worked toward the goal of freer movement of both people and goods within europe by reducing the historic econ and poitical barriers to cross border travel -this agreement says many can cross national borders without stopping or showing passports -UK is not a part of this bc of concerns for protecting historical borders -norway and iceland both part of it though not in EU -also makes it easier for illegals to move about europe (controversial)

question

fortress Europe

answer

because of the soft internal borders of the schengen countries, if illegals successfully land in the vast coasts of SPAIN OR ITALY, they can move easily into France or Austria, then freely within the heart of Europe -EU provided funds to strenghten their border fences- perimeter consists of hard borders a fortress europe as critics call the plan

question

medieval landscape

answer

from one of the three historical periods that dominated europe, medieval period left its mark on european cities. -this landscape is one of narrow, winding streets, crowed with three to four story masonry buidlings with little set back from the streets. dense landscape with few open spaces-majority of people living here have low or fixed income because lack of modern facility capabilities here - usually made up of the elderly, students, ethnic immigrants

question

Renaissance-Baroque Period

answer

areas of the city built in this period contrast the medieval cities. much more open and spacious with expansive ceremonial buildings and squares, monuments, ornamental gardens, and wide boulevards lined with palatial residences. -urban elite lived here -fortified the city because of advent of assault artillery with defensive walls- they encircled the cities so they could not expand outward. -instead, as more space demanded, added several new stories on medieval houses

question

industrialization

answer

-dramatically altered landcape of the cities. -new industrial districts were often located outside the former city walls, removed from the historic central city -suburban sprawl has been an issue as people seek lower density housing in nearby rural environments

question

cyrillic alphabet

answer

latin alpabet was used in countries with strong roman catholic heritage in contrast, many countries with close ties the ORTHODOX CHURCH used the GREEK DERIVED CYRILLIC ALPHABET

question

schism between west and east

answer

east- orthodox sects west- roman Catholicism

question

Protestant revolt

answer

- part of the reformation in western christianity - Because of ________, the Christian Church divided; our Catholic Church has since been separated from the Protestant Churches. While our beliefs are not that different, we cant seem to settle the differences in our practices & in our leadership. The Catholic Church waited too long to reform itself & therefore, it lost the chance to keep itself from splitting into two churches. Today, we have three main branches of Christianity: Catholicism, Protestantism, & Eastern Orthodox

question

Jewish pale

answer

when Christians conquered Muslim-controlled area of Iberian Peninsula, Jews were expelled and settled in this area in Eastern Europe --collected in this region for several centuries in hope of establishing a true european homeland what is now eastern poland -nazis used this ethnic clustering in the pale for quick extermination of jews

question

Contemporary patterns of religion

answer

catholics found in the southern half of region -protestantism is in north germany, north east, UK (because of its reaction against ornate displays, dont have many cathedrals) -orthodox found in the east

question

irredentism

answer

state policies for recliaming lost territories and peoples. TREATY OF VERSAILLES set to redraw the map of Europe to punish losers of WWI, new states were resentful when their ethnic citizens were left outside the new borders and became minorities in other newly shaped states ex.)hungarians stranded in western romania by border changes helps fuel fire for WWII along with the great depression

question

Iron curtain

answer

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region west of border was not communist and east was Soviet communist

question

Yalta Conference

answer

seeds of cold war planted here- brits USSR and USA met to plan the shape of postwar europe. decided soviets would occupy eastern europe and western allies would occupy western europe

question

buffer zone

answer

large geopolitical issue from yalta conference where soviets desired a buffer zone between its own territory and western europe. this would be filled with soviet satellite countries taht could cushion soviet heartland against possible attact from western europe. The Eastern European countries that fade the communist USSR to the non-communist Europe. They wanted this so it wouldn't seem like such a sharp contrast from democratic Europe to the communist SU.

question

End of cold war

answer

when east and west berliners joined forces to rip apart the berlin wall

question

Warsaw pact and NATO

answer

warsaw pact was the allegience of USSR and its satellite nations, its enemy was the western NATO nations. Berlin was the flashpoint for the cold war between the nuke wielding countries- war was erected between west and east germany to blockade access to berlin, causing the great airlift of supplies. the two powers were face to face ready to fight in berlin at the newly erected BERLIN WALL which was the concrete and mortar symbol of a firmly divided post war europe

question

balkanization

answer

used to describe the geopolitical process of small scale independence movements based upon ethnic fault lines The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries. ex.)yugoslavia breaks apart

question

euroland

answer

in 2002, euro coins and bills completely replaced the different national currencies those countries belonging to the EMU UK still not part of this

question

European Monetary Union

answer

much of europe has changed to a common currency system. 11 of the 15 EU members in 199 formed the EMU for cross borer business and trade transactions to be in the EURO -euroland members sought to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of both domestic and international business by eliminating the cost associated with business payments in idfferent currrencies

question

the balkans are what

answer

in the balkans a handful of newly independent countries has replaced the former YUGOSLAVIA

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