General Psychology Comprehensive Exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The focus of Cognitive psychoogy...
answer
Thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing
question
Sociocultural psychology is...
answer
how ethnicity, religion, and socioeconmic status play a role in the behavior.
question
Independent variable
answer
Variable that is manipulated to determine its casual effect on the dependent variable
question
Dependent variable
answer
Variable that is measured; it is affected by the independent variable
question
Positive correlation
answer
Two variables move in the same way
question
Negative correlation
answer
Two factors vary in opposite directions
question
Functions of dendrites
answer
Branching neuron structures that recieve neural impluses from other neurons and convey impulses toward the cell body
question
Functions of axon
answer
Long, tubelike structure that conveys impulses away from the neuron's cell body toward other neurons or to muscles or glands.
question
The function of the endocrine system is...
answer
Collection of glads located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
question
cerebral cortex consists of...
answer
Thin surface layer on the cerebral hemisphere that regulates most complex behavior, including sensations, motor control, and higher mental processes.
question
What are the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome
answer
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
question
What are the effective stratagies for stress management?
answer
Health and exercise, positive beliefs, Social skills, social support, control, material resources, sense of humor, and relaxation
question
What are the psyical senses
answer
Vison, Audition (hearing, Olfaction (smell), Gustation (taste), and Body senses
question
Sensation
answer
Process of detecting, converting, and transforming raw sensory information from the external and internal environments to the brain.
question
Perception
answer
Process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information into meaningful patterns.
question
What is chronic insomnia?
answer
Persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, or waking up too early
question
Physical dependence
answer
Changes in bodily processes that make a drug necessary for minimal functioning.
question
Know the differences between unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and conditioned stimulus
answer
(UCS) food (UCR) salvation (CS) Tone (bell) (CR) salvation
question
Know the differences between positive and negative response/reinforcement
answer
(PR) adds stimulus and weakens behavior (NR) takes away stimulus and weakens behavior (PRE) adds stimulus and strengthens behavior (NRE) Takes away stimules and strenghtens behavior
question
What is the defination of cognition?
answer
Mental activites involved in acquiringm storing, retrieving, and using knowledge. It includes the processes of sensation and perception, consciousness, learning, and memory
question
What is the defination of intelligence?
answer
Global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment
question
What characterizes the germinal period of prenatal development?
answer
First stage of prenatal development, which begins with ovulation, conception, and implantation in the uterus (the first two weeks)
question
What are Piagets's 4 stages of cognitive development?
answer
Sensorimotoer (birth-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete Operational (7-11) Formal Operational (11-up)
question
What is the last stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?
answer
Ego integrity versus despair (late adulthood) Older adults reflect on their past. Life well-spent means self-acceptance and satifaction; if not they experience regret and deep dissatifaction
question
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what are the physiological needs?
answer
Self-actualization, Esteem, belonging and love, safety, and physiological
question
What is facial feedback hypothesis?
answer
Movements of the facial muscles produce and/or intensify our subjective experience of emtion. Charles Darwin's proposal that freely expressing an emotion intensifies it while suppressing outward expression diminishes it.
question
What is the Five Factor Model?
answer
Openness, Conscientiousness, Exroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
question
What are the types of anxiety disorders?
answer
Generalized Anxiety disorder, Panic, Phobia, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
question
Cognitive therapists focus on...
answer
Challenge their thoughts, chanfe how they interpret events (changing self-destructive thinking and changing self-defeating behaviors )
