General Psychology- Chapter 7- Learning – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Learning
answer
Refers to a relativly permanant change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience
question
Classical Conditioning
answer
a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
question
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
answer
a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning
question
Unconditioned (UCR)
answer
is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
question
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
answer
is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
question
Conditioned Response (CR)
answer
is a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning.
question
Acquisition
answer
refers to the initial stage of learning something.
question
Stimulus Contiguity
answer
Is a temporal (time) association between two events.
question
Extinction
answer
Is the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendancy.
question
Spontaneous recovery
answer
Is the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
question
Stimulus Generalization
answer
occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
question
Stimulus Discrimination
answer
occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.
question
Ratio schedules
answer
require and organism to make the designated response a certain number of times to gain each reinforcer
question
Interval schedules
answer
require a time perioid to pass between the presentation of reinforcers
question
Operant Conditioning
answer
is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences
question
Shaping
answer
the reinforcment of closer and closer approximations of a desired response
question
Reinforcement
answer
occurs when an event following a response increases an organisms tendance to make that response
question
Continuous reinforcment
answer
occurs when every instance of a designated response in reinforced
question
Intermittent, or partial, reinforcemnet
answer
occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time
question
Positive Reinforcement
answer
occurs when a response is strengthend because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus
question
Negative reinforcement
answer
occurs when a response is strengthend because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant (aversive) stimulus
question
Punishment
answer
occurs when an event following a repsonse decreases the tendancy to make that response
question
Banduras 4 key processes that are crucial in observational learning
answer
1- Attention, 2- Retention (remember the behavior), 3- Reproduction, 4- Motivation
question
What ALWAYS strengthens a response, whether positive or negative?
answer
Reinforcement
question
What ALWAYS decreases a response
answer
Punishment
question
B. F. Skinnard invented...
answer
operant conditioning EX. go to work--> get paid! =voluntary action to recieve stimuli.
question
Pavalov
answer
Classical conditioning (a physiologist studying the process the role that saliva plays in digestion)
question
Best time to condition?
answer
Between the conditioned stimulu (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)... 1/2 second
question
To remove conditioning....
answer
Present the Conditioned stimulus without the Unconditioned stimulus.
question
Aserinsky
answer
Founded REM sleep after fixing an ECG in 1952
