question

NO₃^-

answer

Nitrate

question

NO₂^-

answer

Nitrite

question

NH₄⁺

answer

Ammonium

question

N₃^-

answer

Azide

question

SO₄^2-

answer

Sulfate

question

HSO₄^-

answer

Bisulfate/hydrogen sulfate

question

SO₃^2-

answer

Sulfite

question

HSO₃^-

answer

Bisulfite/ hydrogen sulfite

question

S₂O₃^2-

answer

Thiosulfate

question

PO₄^3-

answer

Phosphate

question

HPO₄^2-

answer

Hydrogen phosphate

question

H₂PO₄^-

answer

Dihydrogen phosphate

question

PO₃^3-

answer

Phosphite

question

CO₃^2-

answer

Carbonate

question

HCO₃^-

answer

Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate

question

C₂O₄^2-

answer

Oxalate

question

C₂H₃O₂^-

answer

Acetate

question

CN^-

answer

Cyanide

question

ClO₄^-

answer

Perchlorate

question

ClO₃^-

answer

Chlorate

question

ClO₂^-

answer

Chlorite

question

ClO^-

answer

Hypochlorite

question

H₃O⁺

answer

Hydronium

question

OH^-

answer

Hydroxide

question

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Mater

answer

a set of five statements that are used to explain the physical behabior of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas)

question

Pressure

answer

Force/area

question

Boyles Law

answer

Pressure is inversly related to volume

P₁V₁=P₂V₂
P=K(1/V)
PV=K

question

Charles Law

answer

Temperature is proportional to volume

V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂

question

Gay-Luccac's

answer

Pressure with constant volume is directly proportional to temperature(kalvin).
;
P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂

question

Combined Gas Law

answer

An expression obtained by mathematically combining Boyle's and Charles Law

(P₁*V₁)/T₁=(P₂*V₂)/T₂

question

Ideal Gas Law

answer

PV=nRT
PV/nT=.0821 (atm*L/mol*K)

question

Evaporation

answer

The process by which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase (kenetic energy)

question

Enodthermic

answer

Requires the input (absorbtion) of heat

question

Exothermic

answer

Requires heat to be given up (released)

question

Vapor

answer

Gaseous molecules of a substance at a temperature and pressure at which we ordinarily would think of the substance as a liquid or solid

question

Kenetic molecular Theory

answer

-Matter is ultimately composed of tiny particles that have definite and characteristic size that do not change
-the particles are in constant, random motion and therefore possess kinetic energy
-the particles interact with one antoher throught attractions and repulsions and therefore possess potential energy
-the velocity of the particles increases as the temperature is increased
-the particles in a system transfer energy to each other through elastic collisions

question

Elastic collision

answer

bounce off each other and continue

question

Inelastic collision

answer

masses glob together with no resulting movement

question

Equilibrium state

answer

situation in which two opposite processes take plave at the same time

question

vapor pressure

answer

the pressure exerted by a vapor aboe a liquid when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium

question

volatile substance

answer

Substance that readily evaporates at room temperature because of high vapor pressure ex) gasoline

question

Intermolecular force in liquids

answer

is an attractive force that acts between a molecule and another molecule

question

Dipole-Dipole

answer

intermolecular force that occures between POLAR molecules

question

Hydrogen Bonds

answer

extra strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, very electronegative atom (F,O,or N) and have a lone pair of electrons on another small very electronegative atom

question

London Forces

answer

are weak bonds due to temporary uneven electron distributions causing slightly negative or positive charges

question

Solution

answer

Homogeneious combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its ownchemical identity

question

Solvent

answer

The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount

question

Solute

answer

is a solution component that is present in a smaller amount relative to that of the solvent

question

Solubility

answer

the max amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent

question

Henery's Law

answer

S=k#(P)....k#--solubility=partial pressure

question

Unsaturated solution

answer

is a solution in which less solute than the max amount possible is dissolved in the solution

question

saturated solution

answer

contains the max amount of solute that can be dissolved under the conditions at which the solution exists

question

super saturated solution

answer

contains more than the max amount of solute (possible in some situations)

question

Diluted solution

answer

Contains a small amount of solute relative to the amoung that could be dissolved

question

Aqueous solution

answer

solution where water is the solvent

question

nonaqueous solution

answer

solution in which water is not the solvent

question

Factors that affect the rate of solution

answer

-Subdivision: partivle size--increase surface area
-Agitation: mixing or stirring
-Temperature: high temps cause more collisions between molecules

question

Concentration

answer

the amount of solute present in a specific amoung of solution

question

% Mass

answer

(Mass of solute/Mass of solution)X 100

question

% volume

answer

(Volume of solute/volume of solution) X 100

question

Mass-Volume %

answer

(Mass of solute/ Volume of solution) X 100

question

Molarity

answer

Moles of solute/liter of solution

question

Colligative properties

answer

Physical properties of a solution that depend only on the number (concentration) of solute partivles (molecules or ions) in a given quantity of solvent and not on their chemical identities

question

Osmosis

answer

the passage of a solvent from a dilute solution (or pure solvent) through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution

question

Osmotic pressure

answer

the amoung that must be applied to prevent the net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration

question

Osmolarity

answer

product of its molarity and the number of partivles produced performula unit when the solute dissocrates

Osmolarity=molarity X i---i=the number of particles

question

Isotonic solution

answer

osmotic pressure is equal to that within the cell

question

Hypotonic solution

answer

lower osmotic pressure than that within a cell

question

Hypertonic solution

answer

higher osmotic pressure than that within a cell

question

Dialysis

answer

the process whihc a semipermeable membrane permits the passage of solvent, dissolved ions, and small molecules but blocks the passage of large molecules

question

Combustion Reactions

answer

reaction of a substance with oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the evolution of heat and usually with a flame
CO2+H2O are products

question

oxidation

answer

the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reaction gains one or more oxygen atoms, loses 1+ hydrogen, or loses 1+ electon

question

Reduction

answer

the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reactions loses one or more oxygen atoms, gains 1+ hydrogen or electon

question

Chemical equilibrium

answer

process wherein two opposing chemical reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate

Gen. Chem. for Health Science CH-84 – Flashcards

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