GCSE EdExcel C1 Keywords – Flashcards
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| Atmosphere |
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| The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. |
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| Sedimentary rock |
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| The group of rocks produced by grains of rock being cemented and compacted together. |
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| Limestone |
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| A type of rock that is made up of calcium carbonate and is used for cement. |
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| Photosynthesise |
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| To produce food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide in a plant. |
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| Noble gases |
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| A group of unreactive element gases found on the right hand side of the Periodic Table. |
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| Trace |
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| A very small amount. |
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| Deforestation |
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| The removal of trees from an area. |
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| Magma |
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| Molten rock. |
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| Lava |
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| The name for magma which has come to the surface of the Earth. |
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| Solidifies |
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| Becomes hard (solid). |
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| Igneous rocks |
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| The group of rocks created directly by cooling magma from inside the Earth. |
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| Crystals |
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| The name given to minerals with a special structure. They can sometimes be sort after and look nice. |
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| Rate |
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| How fast something happens. |
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| Granite |
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| A common type of igneous rock formed when magma cools slowly. |
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| Chalk |
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| A white powdery sedimentary rock. |
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| Sediment |
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| The small grains from weathered igneous rocks. |
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| Fossil |
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| The mineral imprint, usually of the hard parts of prehistoric plants and animals etc. |
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| Metamorphic rocks |
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| The group of rocks created from sedimentary rocks which have been put under great heat and pressure. |
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| Marble |
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| A metamorphic rock formed from limestone (or chalk). |
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| Quarry |
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| A large hole dug into the ground or a hillside to remove rocks. |
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| Word Equations |
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| Equations that are written using full words and not symbols. |
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| Thermal decomposition |
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| The break down of something due to heating. |
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| Concrete |
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| Cement mixed with sand and gravel. |
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| Reactant |
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| Something that is reacted with something else. |
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| Products |
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| The result of a reaction. |
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| Atoms |
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| The smallest part of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons and electrons. |
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| Element |
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| The most basic substances formed of one type of atom and found in the Periodic Table. |
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| Compound |
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| A substance formed from two or more elements bonded together. |
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| Chemical formula |
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| The way we write substance with symbols to show what they are made up of. |
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| Balanced Equations |
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| An equation which is equal on both sides of the equals sign. |
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| State symbols |
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| A symbol shown in brackets to show what state a substance is in when writing formulae. |
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| Aqueous solutions |
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| Substances dissolved in water. |
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| Precipitation reactions |
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| When solube substances react together to form an insoluble substance. |
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| Soluble |
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| Can be dissolved. |
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| Insoluble |
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| Can not be dissolved. |
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| Precipitate |
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| An insoluble product from the reaction of soluble substances. |
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| Limewater |
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| Another name for calcium hydroxide solution, used to test for carbon dioxide and make concrete. |
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| Neutralisation reaction |
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| A reaction where an acid and alkali neutralise each other. |
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| Ratio |
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| A mathematical word for a proportion. |
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| Digested |
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| Broken down into smaller molecules, particularly in the stomach. |
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| Antacids |
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| Medicines that neutralise stomach acid. |
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| Bases |
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| Substances that can react with acids (they are called alkalis when they can be and are dissolved in water). |
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| Salt |
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| An (ionic) compound formed from a neutralisation reaction. |
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| Alkali |
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| A base dissolved in water - the opposite of an acid. |
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| pH Scale |
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| The number scale used to measure how acidic or alkaline something is. |
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| Indicator |
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| Something used to show information about something else (e.g. how acidic something is). |
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| Universal indicator |
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| A solution that changes colour depending on the pH of the substance it is mixed with. |
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| Litmus paper |
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| Coloured paper used to test whether something is acid or alkali. |
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| Hazardous |
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| Something that is dangerous is not stored and used correctly. |
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| Hazard symbols |
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| A way of showing how dangerous something is using pictures. |
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| Decomposed |
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| When a substance is broken up. |
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| Electrolysis |
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| The way in which we can use electricity to break down (decompose) molecules. |
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| Electrolytes |
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| Compounds that can be decomposed (broken down) by electrolysis. |
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| Ores |
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| Metal compounds found in rocks. |
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| Extraction |
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| The process of getting a metal from out of a rock/ore. |
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| Reactivity series |
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| The order of how reactive substances are. |
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| Reduction |
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| When a metal from its oxide by heating with carbon. |
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| Corrosion |
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| When a metal changes by reacting with oxygen. |
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| Rusting |
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| The corrosion of iron in the presence of oxygen and water. |
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| Oxidation |
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| The addition of oxygen to a substance. |
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| Recycled |
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| Reusing something rather than throwing it away. |
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| Conduct |
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| Transfer (heat or electricity). |
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| Malleable |
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| Can be hammered into a shape. |
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| Ductile |
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| Can be stretched into wires. |
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| Density |
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| How much mass something has for its size. |
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| Alloy |
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| A metal mixed with small amount of other metals. |
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| Alloy steels |
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| Iron mixed with different amounts of other metals. |
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| Carats |
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| The measure of how pure gold is other than fineness. |
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| Fineness |
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| The measure of how pure gold is other than carats. |
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| Smart material |
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| A material that has a property that changes with a change in conditions. |
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| Shape memory alloy |
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| An alloy that returns to its original shape if it is deformed. |
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| Crude oil |
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| Oil in its unrefined state from the ground. |
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| Fossil fuels |
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| Coal, oil and gas. |
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| Mixture |
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| Two or more things combined but not chemically joined. |
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| Hydrocarbon molecules |
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| Molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon, such as in oil. |
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| Non-renewable resource |
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| A resource which cannot be replace once it is used up. |
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| Fractional distillation |
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| The way in which we separate the fractions of crude oil by heating and using a special piece of equipment. |
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| Fractions |
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| The name for the simpler mixtures removed from a fractionating column. |
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| Boiling points |
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| The temperatures at which things poil. |
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| Ignite |
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| To set alight. |
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| Viscosity |
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| How thich something is. |
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| Combustion |
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| Burning - reacting something with oxygen (in air usually). |
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| Complete combustion |
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| When a hydrocarbon is completely reacted and only carbon dioxide and water remain as products. |
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| Incomplete combustion |
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| When a hydrocarbon is burnt without enough oxygen and carbon monoxide is a product. |
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| Carbon monoxide |
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| The result of incomplete combustion. A poisonous gas. |
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| Soot |
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| Solid carbon particles that result from combustion (burning). |
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| Acid rain |
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| Rain that is slightly acidic due to mixing with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrous oxides. |
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| Biofuels |
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| Fuels made from plants. |
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| Ethanol |
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| A biofuel made from wheat, sugar cane or sugar beet (an alcohol). |
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| Biodiesel |
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| A biofuel made from vegetable oils. |
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| Renewable |
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| Something that can be replaced once it has been used up. |
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| Carbon neutral |
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| Overall it does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. |
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| Fuel cell |
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| A device which can produce electrical energy without burning/combusting. |
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| Alkanes |
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| Hydrocarbon molecules with single bonds that follow the CnH2n+2 rule. |
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| Bonds |
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| The name for the join between atoms that make up molecules. |
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| Saturated |
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| When all the bonds are single bonds in a molecule. |
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| Double bond |
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| Where atoms in a molecule have more than one bond with each other. |
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| Unsaturated |
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| When there are double bonds in a molecule. |
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| Alkenes |
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| Hydrocarbon molecules with single and double bonds that follow the CnH2n rule. |
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| Bromine test |
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| The test used to check if a hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated. |
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| Bromine water |
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| The name for bromine dissolved in water. |
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| Cracking |
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| Using electricity to break up carbon chains into smaller ones. |
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| Poly(ethene) |
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| A polymer of ethene. |
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| Polymer |
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| Substances made up of thousands of simple repeating units. |
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| Monomer |
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| Substances whose molecules react together to form polymers. |
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| Plastics |
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| Manufactured polymers. |
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| Polymerisation |
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| The process of forming polymers from monomers (long chains from molecules). |
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| Poly(propene) |
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| The polymer of propene. |
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| Poly(chloroethene) (PVC) |
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| The full name of PVC, a common plastic. |
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| Poly(tetrafluoroethene) (PTFE or Teflon) |
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| The chemical name for Teflon. |
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| Biodegradable |
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| Can be broken down in nature. |
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| Incinerated |
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| Burnt until destroyed. |
