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Nursing is

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an art and science

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ANA stands for

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American Nurses Association

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ICN stands for

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International Council of Nurses

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Florence Nightingale worked during the

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Crimean War in 1853

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Florence Nightingale wrote

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Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not

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Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy based on

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health maintenance and restoration

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Florence Nightingale saw nursing as

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having "charge of somebody's health" based on the knowledge of "how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease"

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In 1860 Nightingale developed what

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The first organized program for training nurses

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The first organized training program for nurses developed by Nightingale was called

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the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London

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Nightingale was the first practicing nurse

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epidemiologist

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Nightingale's analyses connected what things

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poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery

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Nightingale's nickname was

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"lady with the lamp"

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As a result of Nightingale's efforts at the Barracks Hospital in Scutari, Turkey the mortality rate was reduced from

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42.7% to 2.2% in just 6 months

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The Civil War stimulated what

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the growth of nursing in the United States

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Clara Barton founded the

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American Red Cross which was ratified by Congress in 1882

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Dorothea Lynde Dix

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was superintendent of the female nurses of the Union Army who organized hospitals, appointed nurses, and regulated supplies to troops

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Mary Ann Ball's other name

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Mother Bickerdyke

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Mother Bickerdyke

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organized ambulance services and walked the battlefields helping soldiers

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Harriet Tubman

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Underground Railroad; helped free over 300 slaves

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Mary Mahoney

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first professionally trained African American nurse; her concern was with the relationships between cultures and races which brought forth an awareness of cultural diversity and respect for every individual

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Isabel Hampton Robb

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helped found the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the U.S. and Canada in 1896

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The Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the U.S. & Canada founded by Isabel Hampton Robb became

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the American Nurses Association in 1911

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Isabel Hampton Robb authored

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Nursing: Its Principles and Practice for Hospital and Private Use, Nursing Ethics, Educational Standards for Nurses

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Isabel Hampton Robb was also a co-founder of

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the American Journal of Nursing (AJN)

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Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

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founded the Henry Street Settlement for the poor who lived in NYC which focused on their health needs

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Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to

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demonstrate autonomy in their practice

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During the Twentieth Century there was a movement toward

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developing a scientific, research -based body of nursing and nurses began to expand into advanced practice roles

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Mary Adelaide Nutting

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involved in the affiliation of nursing education and universities

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Mary Adelaide Nutting became the first

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professor of nursing at Columbia University Teachers College in 1906

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The Army and Navy Nurse Corps were developing during what century?

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The Twentieth Century

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By the 1920s nursing specializatio n was developing in fields such as

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Graduate nurse-midwifery

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Examples of some of the specializations that were created in the second half of the twentieth century are

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American Association of Critical Care Nurses; Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN); Emergency Nurses Association (ENA); Infusion Nurses Society (INS); Oncology Nursing Society (ONS); & Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurses Society (WOCN).

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In 1990 the ANA established the

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Center for Ethics and Human Rights

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The Center for Ethics and Human Rights provides

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a forum to address the complex ethical and human rights issues confronting nurses and designs activities and programs to increase ethical competence in nurses

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Challenges to Nursing include

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trying to meet the ever-changing needs of society, bioterrorism, emerging infections, and disaster management

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The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and nursing are developing standards and policies for end-of-life care through

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the "Last Acts Campaign"

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The End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) offered by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the City of Hope Medical Center has brought

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end-of-life care and practices into nursing curricula and continuing-education programs

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Health Care Reform affects

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how health care is paid and how health care is delivered

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Due to Health Care Reform more services will be in

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community-based care settings

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As a result of health care reform more nurses will be needed in

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community care centers, schools, and senior centers

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Influences on Nursing include

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Health Care Reform, Demographic Changes, rising rates of unemployment, underemployment, low paying jobs, mental illness, homelessness, rising health care costs, threat of bioterrorism, and nursing shortages

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A Profession has what characteristics

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Requires a basic liberal foundation and an extended education; It has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms; It provides a specific service; Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making; The profession as a hole has a code of ethics for practice

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Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance are established by

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the ANA

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The Standards of Practice in order are

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Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes Identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation

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Assessment

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The registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and//or the situation

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Diagnosis

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The RN analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues

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Outcomes Identification

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The RN identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation

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Planning

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The RN develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes

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Implementation

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The RN implements the indentified plan

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Steps in Implementation

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Coordination of Care; Health Teaching and Health Promotion; Consultation; and Prescriptive Authority & Treatment

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Evaluation

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The RN evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes

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The Standards of Professional Performance are

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Ethics, Education, Evidence-based Practice & Research, Quality of Practice, Communication, Leadership, Collaboration, Professional Practice Evaluation, Resources, & Environmental Health

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Ethics

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The RN practices ethically

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Education

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The RN attains knowledge and competency that reflects current nursing practice

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Evidence-based Practice and Research

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The RN integrates evidence and research findings into practice`

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Quality of Pratice

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the RN contributes to quality of nursing practice

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Communication

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the RN communicates effectively in all areas of practice

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Leadership

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the RN demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting and the profession

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Collaboration

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the RN collaborates with health care consumer, family, and others in the conduct of nursing practice

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Professional Practice Evaluation

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the RN evaluates her or his own nursing practice in relation to professional standards and guidelines, relevant statues, rules, and regulations

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Resources

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the RN uses appropriate resources to plan and provide nursing services that are safe, effective, and financially responsible

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Environmental Health

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the RN practices in an environmentally sage and healthy manner

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The Code of Ethics is

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the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care

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