question

The 5 Components of Reading

answer

phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension

question

Phonemic Awareness

answer

The ability to hear and manipulate the sounds of spoken language. Includes noticing rhyme and recognizing the separate, small sounds in words (phonemes).

question

Phonics

answer

The understanding of the relationships between the written letters of the alphabet and the sounds of spoken language. This knowledge allows a reader to "decode" words by translating the letters into speech sounds.

question

Fluency

answer

The ability to read quickly, accurately, and with proper expression.

question

Vocabulary

answer

Includes all the words the reader can understand and use.

question

Comprehension

answer

Ability to understand what one has read. Includes recognizing main idea of article or able to compare and contrast different characters.

question

Word Recognition

answer

the student has ability to visually identify words in isolation or context.

question

Phases of word recognition

answer

pre-alphabetic, partial-alphabetic, full-alphabetic, graphophonemic, and morphemic.

question

Text to self

answer

the reader made a connection from the reading to own personal life.

question

Text to text

answer

the reader made a connection from the reading to another book with similar writing style, theme, or topic.

question

Text to world

answer

the reader made a connection from the reading to a topic or an event that has taken place in the world.

question

Critical Thinking Strategies

answer

making connections, making predictions, questioning, summarizing

question

Making predictions

answer

use title and illustration on cover to predict what a text will be about aids comprehension. Throughout reading, predictions can be affirmed or revised.

question

Questioning

answer

helps students make meaning of text being read. Questions about text, author's intent etc.

question

"Right there" questions (text explicit)

answer

literal questions. Answer in the text itself.

question

"Think and search" (text implicit)

answer

the answer is implicit in text. Student must synthesize, infer, or summarize to find answer.

question

"Reader and author" (implicit or experienced based)

answer

Reader must combine own experience with what texts states.

question

"On my own" (implicit or experienced based)

answer

Reader must generate answer from prior knowledge.

question

Summarizing

answer

to simply and concisely paraphrase what has been read.

question

Reading Fluency

answer

accuracy, automaticity, rate, prosody

question

Accuracy

answer

ability to correctly read the words in a text

question

Automaticity

answer

ability to instantly recognize a large bank of words to quickly decode unfamiliar words.

question

Rate

answer

speed of reading

question

Prosody

answer

ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and expression.

question

Reading Comprehension

answer

Main idea, supporting details and facts, author's purpose, fact and opinion, point of view, inference, visualize, conclusion

question

Main idea

answer

Determining the essential message of a reading selection.

question

Supporting details and facts

answer

provides the reader with the vital info needed to synthesize and summarize.

question

Author's purpose

answer

Could be to explain, inform, persuade, or entertain.

question

Fact and opinion

answer

Students should know difference when reading.

question

Point of view

answer

Students should be able to identify which __________ an author is writing.

question

Inference

answer

"Reading between the lines." Often includes merging what is already known about topic to new information presented.

question

Visualize

answer

Create mental pictures in one's mind.

question

Conclusion

answer

The end or summation of a reading.

question

Facilitate student reading comprehension

answer

activate prior knowledge, summarize, self-monitoring, questioning, use of graphic and semantic organizers, think alouds, recognizing story structure

question

Activate prior knowledge

answer

Students must connect what they hear, read, and view with what they already know. Can use Think-Pair-Share technique to discuss previous knowledge with partner. Graphic organizers (K-W-L charts) can elicit what students already know about topic.

question

Summarize

answer

Often included in a retelling of the selection. Think-Pair-Share techniques to discuss summary with partner.

question

Self-monitoring

answer

Being aware of their thinking as they are reading. Students must pause periodically to reflect about info.

question

Questioning

answer

Teachers must model different questions for students to internalize and implement in own reading.

question

Use of graphic and semantic organizers

answer

used by teachers and students to highlight big ideas in a text and facilitate connections. Organizers synthesize and summarize reading.

question

Think alouds

answer

"talking to the text." Involves teacher modeling her thoughts aloud while reading text to students. Vocabulary often incorporated to pre-teach new words and meanings. Then practiced by students and partners.

question

Recognizing story structure

answer

Beginning, middle, end with literary elements setting, characters, and plot. Teachers highlight and facilitate the analyzing of story structure through questioning techniques before, during, and after read aloud or shared reading.

question

Informational or nonfiction text

answer

is structured using organizational aids called text features. Helps summarize info presented. Title, table of contents, headings, subheadings, bold and italicized words, illustrations, photographs, labeled diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, glossary, index

question

Graphic organizers

answer

(cause and effect, venn diagrams, double entry journals, timelines) can be used to further explore content

question

Literary text or narratives

answer

have a logical sequence. Students can be taught to recognize beginning, middle, end.

question

Emergent literacy

answer

the beginning phase of literacy. Learn text and pictures provide meaning. Are exposed to structure or syntax of language and predict meaning of text.

question

Emergent literacy

answer

Oral language development, phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, concepts of print

question

Oral language development

answer

enhance skills: be involved in open-ended (whole group, small group, and one-on-one) discussions, read alouds, echo reading, songs, nursery rhymes, storytelling, readers theater, cloze activities, poetry, role play and drama, fingerplays...

question

Phonological awareness

answer

includes ability of a student to identify and manipulate large parts of spoken language (words, syllables, onset/rime units) and awareness of other aspects of sound in our language like alliteration, intonation, and rhyming.

question

Alphabet knowledge

answer

ability to identify and name the upper and lowercase letters.

question

Concepts of print

answer

Should understand print conveys meaning, directionality, concept of word (word boundaries), one-to-one corresponding letter knowledge, phonemic awareness, and literacy language (author, illustrations, title...).

question

Poetry

answer

Contains short lines, imagery, and elements of sound, such as rhythm and rhyme.

question

Folklore

answer

Stories that were told by word of mouth: nursery rhymes, fairy tales, fables, myths, legends, tall tales,

question

Fantasy

answer

Stories that could not happen in the real world

question

Science fiction

answer

Stories that might happen in the future

question

Realistic fiction

answer

Stories focusing on events that could happen in the real world.

question

Historical fiction

answer

Realistic stories set in the past.

question

Biography

answer

Stories that tell the tale of a person's life

question

Nonfiction

answer

Books that present information.

question

Literary Elements

answer

Setting, Characters, plot, theme, style

question

Setting

answer

where the story takes place

question

Characters

answer

people or animals in a story, novel, or play

question

Plot

answer

the events that take place in a story; often includes a climax and resolution

question

Theme

answer

the subject or central idea of the story

question

Style

answer

the vocabulary and syntax the author uses to create the story

question

Alliteration

answer

two or more words or syllables, near each other, with the same beginning consonant

question

Hyperbole

answer

an exaggeration used to emphasize a point

question

Analogy

answer

a detailed and sometimes lengthy comparison of two ideas or events

question

Irony

answer

using words that mean the opposite of what the author intends

question

Personification

answer

giving human qualities to a thing or abstraction

question

Metaphor

answer

a comparison of two distinctly different things suggesting a similarity between them

question

Simile

answer

a comparison using like or as

question

selecting quality multicultural lit books

answer

Depicts diversity but avoids stereotyping Explores cultural differences and similarities Provides accurate and positive portrayal of culture represented Language and setting must be consistent with culture

question

Artistic literature response

answer

incorporates a variety of artistic mediums such as drawing, painting, collage, scratchboard.

question

Discussion

answer

might include literature circles or book clubs (face to face or online) that encourages small, temporary, and heterogeneous groups of students to talk about the story being read.

question

Dramatic Response

answer

poetry readings, readers theater, storytelling

question

Inquiry

answer

includes research about an author or topic (______ circles)

question

Written response

answer

Responding to reading in writing. Independent graphic organizers, reading logs, learning logs, and reading response journals

question

Multimedia tools

answer

computer software programs or online resources can enhance reading comprehension. PPT presentations, wiki pages, digital storytellings, or web-quests in response to literature.

question

Developmental Writing Stages

answer

Scribbling, mock, handwriting, mock letters, conventional letters, invented temporary or phonetic spelling and conventional spelling.

question

The Writing Process

answer

prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing

question

Prewriting

answer

Activating prior knowledge, gathering and organizing ideas; may include brainstorming a list of ideas and researching / reading about a topic; deciding upon intended audience.

question

Drafting

answer

Transfer of ideas to paper; focus on getting all thoughts down

question

Revising

answer

Refining and clarifying the draft; focus on meaning and further developing the writing piece

question

Editing

answer

Proofreading the draft for misspelled words, grammar, mechanic errors.

question

Publishing

answer

Sharing a final product

question

Modes of Writing

answer

narrative writing, persuasive writing, descriptive writing, expository writing, informative writing, creative writing

question

Narrative writing

answer

writing that recounts a personal or fictional experience or tells a story based on a real or imagined event.

question

Persuasive writing

answer

writing that attempts to convince the reader that a point of view is valid or that the reader should take a specific action

question

Descriptive writing

answer

writing that attempts to "paint a picture" or describe a person, place, thing, or idea

question

Expository writing

answer

writing that gives info, explains why or how, clarifies a process, or defines a concept

question

Informative writing

answer

writing that informs the reader in an attempt to create new found knowledge

question

Creative writing

answer

uses the writers imagination

question

Teaching Writing Conventions

answer

Include mechanics such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. Taught by whole group through modeled, shared and interactive writing opportunities or to small groups and individuals during writing conferences. Apply knowledge during editing and publishing phases of writing process. Rubrics

question

Assessment

answer

the process for gathering data about students to identify areas of strength and weakness in order to guide future instruction.

question

Formal Assessment

answer

intelligence tests, achievement tests, diagnostic tests.

question

Informal Assessments

answer

informal reading inventories, running records, cloze tests, anecdotal notes, checklists, rubrics, portfolios, surveys.

question

Norm-Referenced Tests

answer

Assessment instrument administered to students of various backgrounds to develop norm. Norms are the average scores of the populations. Used as comparison point for teachers' students.

question

Criterion-Referenced Tests

answer

Assessment instrument that assess if student reached the point mastery. (FCAT)

question

Diagnostic Assessment

answer

standardized tests aimed to determine a student's strengths and weaknesses.

question

Performance Based Assessment

answer

(Authentic Assessment) incorporates real-life applications of what has been taught.

question

Fluency Checks

answer

(Usually 1 min. timed readings) focus on accuracy, rate, and prosody; student's wpm or wcorrectpm are calculated.

question

Informal Reading Inventories

answer

- Individual tests that generally include lists of words or sentences and leveled reading passages with questions. Student's independent, instructional, and frustration reading levels recorded to determine too easy, difficult enough to warrant instruction yet avoid frustration, or too difficult.

question

Rubric

answer

Set of scoring guidelines or criteria for evaluating student work.

question

Running Records

answer

Informal assessments that enable the teacher to observe, score, and interpret a student's reading behaviors. Observations include:

question

Running Record Errors

answer

Substitutes another word for a word in the text Omits a word Inserts a word Has to be told a word by the person administering the running record

question

Self-Corrections (SC)

answer

Occurs when a child realizes his error and corrects it. Previous substitution not scored as an error.

question

Meaning (M)

answer

- Part of semantic cueing system in which child takes her cue to make sense of text by thinking about the story background, info from pics, or meaning of sentence. These cues assist in the reading.

question

Structure (S)

answer

Structure of language or syntax (syntactic cueing system). Knowing structure helps reader know what is read sounds correct.

question

Visual (V)

answer

Visual information (graphophonemic cueing system) is related to the look of the letter in a word and the word itself. Uses visual info when studying beginning sound, word length, familiar word chuncks...

question

Analyzing a Running Record

answer

Involves observing how the child uses the meaning (M), structural (S), and visual (V) cues to help her read. Pay attention to fluency, intonation, and phrasing. When child makes an error while reading, record sources of info used by child in 2nd column circling M, S, or V.

question

Scoring a Running Record

answer

Calculated rates along with qualitative info and child's comprehension determine child's reading level. See Notebook

question

Screening

answer

Assess students at the beginning of year to identify the students' reading level and capabilities.

question

Progress Monitoring

answer

Used throughout year to show gains in reading achievement.

question

Anecdotal Notes (Records)

answer

Short, concise, written observations made by teacher while students work. Purpose to observe and record info used to guide reading instruction and share with parents. Dating them and file in portfolio.

question

Cueing Systems

answer

Semantic, Syntactic, Graphophonemic

question

Syntactic

answer

focuses on structure of the sentence and how language works. Students can identify sentences that sound correct. Teachers ask "Does that sound correct?" when syntactical error is made.

question

Semantic

answer

focuses on any meaning a student derives from a sent. based on prior knowledge. Students can identify if it makes sense. "Did that make sense?"

question

Graphophonemic

answer

focuses on various visual cues and knowledge about the relationship between sounds and symbols. Phonological awareness is important. "Does that look right?"

question

Miscue Analysis

answer

A technique for recording and analyzing students' oral reading errors. Ask comprehension questions or students retell what they read.

question

Cloze tests

answer

______ procedure is getting students to fill in words deliberately omitted from a passage of text. Assists in prediction and use of context clues.

question

Response Logs

answer

Students record thoughts and feelings as they read or watch video.

question

Retelling

answer

Technique that involves reading and then retelling what has been read.

question

Literature Circles

answer

Small, temporary, heterogeneous groups that gather to discuss a book to with goal to enhance comprehension.

question

Workshop

answer

- begins with teacher demonstration, guided practice, independent practice, sharing.

question

Literacy centers/stations

answer

Allow students time to practice and apply what they are learning. Ex: poetry, listening, word work, writing, spelling, comprehension, literature response, vocabulary, art, independent reading.

question

Small Groups

answer

groups of students working together to expand knowledge. Ex: jigsaws (small groups provided a task to later share knowledge with class), literature circles, student working centers.

question

Paired/Buddy reading

answer

Each takes turn reading

question

Assessment Instruments Informal

answer

Concepts of print, Checklists, Rubrics, games, surveys, portfolios

question

Concepts of print

answer

Checklists that identifies basic knowledge of print conventions and overall book structure. (letter identification, word boundaries, book cover)

question

Checklists

answer

High frequency word __________ can be used as screening and progress monitoring tools to assess what words students know instantly.

question

Rubrics

answer

can be used to identify what important literary elements students are incorporating into their retelling.

question

Games

answer

Sight word bingo can be used to informally assess sight word recognition

question

Surveys

answer

Interest and attitude ________ can be used to gauge attitudes about reading and identify topics of interests to students

question

Portfolios

answer

Collect work samples over time to gain true insight to students' progression.

question

Penmanship

answer

- the quality or style of one's handwriting is a developmental process. Traditional or D'Nealian (modern incorporates more strokes).

question

Letter formation

answer

4 basis strokes: circles, horizontal/vertical/slant lines

question

Spacing

answer

Should be consistent between letters, words, and sentences

question

Letter Size and Alignment

answer

Roughly the same size on written lines, using the headline, midline, and baseline as instructed.

question

Line quality

answer

Stokes of pencil should be consistent smoothness, color, and weight. Not too dark or to wavy, too light or varied.

question

Penmanship

answer

Penmanship, letter formation, spacing, letter size and alignment, line quality,

question

Listening

answer

Requires student to take in or receive what has been heard and seen, attend to what is important and comprehend the message.

question

Efferent listening

answer

listening to learn new information

question

Aesthetic listening

answer

performed more for pleasure and enjoyment

question

Advance Listening Skills

answer

set a purpose, questioning and visualizing, summarizing, graphic organizers

question

Set a Purpose

answer

Prior to a read, ensure students understand the objective of the lesson. Making predictions helps set purpose to listen attentively. Activate prior knowledge related to the topic. Use of visuals.

question

Questioning and Visualizing

answer

Before, during, and after, students should question the content to ascertain important concepts and organize newly learned info. Visualize while listening to enhance critical thinking skills and aid in deeper comprehension.

question

Summarizing

answer

Concurrently and after questioning, students should synthesize info and see relationships among key concepts.

question

Graphic Organizers

answer

To solidify last phase of listening, students complete _____________ to synthesize and then evaluate the learning.

question

Speaking Strategies

answer

organizational format, questioning, retelling, drama

question

Organizational Format

answer

A combination of whole group lessons and small group discussions provides many speaking opportunities. Literacy centers or stations, literature circles.

question

Questioning

answer

Teachers model varying levels of ___________ (literal, inferential, critical) and students add them to own repertoire.

question

Retelling

answer

Helps students organize their thoughts into a logical sequence of beginning, middle, end. Focus on big ideas.

question

Drama

answer

Allow students to role play, storytell, and share reader's theater scripts.

question

Media Literacy

answer

The ability of a student to interpret media messages.

question

o Artifacts

answer

Real objects; usually representative of a particular culture or event

question

o Internet

answer

a communication system that connects computers and their networks all over the world

question

o Printed material

answer

Anything with printed text: books, magazines, journals...

question

Primary sources

answer

A document or piece of work that was written, recorded, or created during a particular time period: photographs, speeches, interviews...

question

o Visual Media

answer

Anything not printed: television, video, some radio broadcasts.

question

Internet safety

answer

Primary students use preselected sites Intermediate students use preselected sites and be taught advanced search skills to collect helpful info Once accessed, students taught to critically question and evaluate site. Older students taught citation skills and copyright laws.

question

Educational Technology

answer

Interactive White Boards, Computer Software

question

Computer Software

answer

Kidspiration offer students opportunity to create own graphic organizers (charts, timelines, webs) PhotoStory, Windows MovieMaker, iMovie students can create digital stories to share their

question

E-mail

answer

Epals aid teachers in setting up electronic correspondence with other classrooms.

question

Online book clubs

answer

Motivate students to discuss books they have been reading online with other students outside of classrooms

question

WebQuests

answer

Web-based learning experiences where students navigate predetermined websites to glean further insight into a topic of study.

question

Wiki sites

answer

"Mini web page" Pb works and Wiki. Students combine text, graphics, animation, and hyperlinks to share knowledge.

question

Video Conferencing

answer

Skype allow for discussions for further understand with other students.

question

Blogs

answer

weblog, allows students to post and comment on their work. Classroom news blogs and literature response blogs have become common.

question

Podcasts

answer

Published audio recordings

question

Video Projects

answer

Create digital stories or videos related to student learning share and expand knowledge. TeacherTube

FTCE Elementary Education k-6 Language Arts and Reading – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards