FSHN 120 FINAL EXAM – Flashcards

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Which class of nutrients comprises 60% of body weight?
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Water
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When the cells of the ______ are stimulated, the desire to eat subsides.
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satiety center of the brain
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The health status of "baby boomers" appears lower than that of the previous generation.
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True
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The local food system is ________ than the global food system
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complimentary to
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Water would be adequate for replenishing lost fluids for which of the following athletes? Select all that apply.
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A runner who completes a 5-kilometer race in 28 minutes, A swimmer who trains in the pool for 45 minutes.
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A kilocalorie is a measure of
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heat energy
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Which of the following is not a class of essential nutrients?
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Alcohol
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The distance a typical food travels from farm to table is
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1500-2500 miles
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Recent studies clearly indicate an association between TV advertising of foods and drinks and ______________________, especially in the United States.
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the prevalence of childhood obesity
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One cup of chocolate milk contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 8 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. This cup of chocolate milk supplies ______ kilocalories.
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164
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of protein?
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Most significant energy source for humans
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A ______ is generally a fake medicine used to disguise the treatments of participants in an experiment.
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placebo
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Shelby weighs 70 kilograms, which is _____ pounds.
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154
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Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as
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carbohydrates
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When in Europe, you are told that you are eating a steak weighing 140 grams. This is equivalent to how many ounces?
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5
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A local food system can always be described by each of the following concepts EXCEPT
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better nutrition
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On average, Americans consume approximately ______% of total kilocalories as fat.
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33
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Healthy People 2020 was designed to
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eliminate health disparities, improve access to health education and quality health care, and strengthen public health services.
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Which of the following most accurately describes the term epidemiology?
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A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups
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Which of the following measures does NOT assess nutritional status?
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Psychoanalysis
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A food label states that a serving of a particular product provides 20 percent of the Daily Value for fat. This means that
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a serving of this product provides about 13 grams of fat
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Which meal contains foods from all food groups represented in MyPlate?
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Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water
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Which statement best describes the healthful diet principle of moderation?
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Pay attention to portion size and plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources.
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The acronym RDA stands for
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Recommended Dietary Allowance.
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Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called
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anthropometry
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One serving of Raisin Bran cereal contains 50 percent of the 18 mg Daily Value for iron. How much iron will one serving of your cereal provide?
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9 mg
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According to MyPlate, consumption of foods from the Grains group should include
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at least half of the grain servings as whole grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta every day.
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Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is about the size of a
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golf ball
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The RDAs for nutrients generally are
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designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people
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Which of the following is NOT a wise application of MyPlate?
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Eliminating foods from the Fruits group to lose weight
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Which term describes failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that is inadequate to meet nutritional needs?
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Undernutrition
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According to MyPlate, an adult age 18 or older should consume how many cups of milk or milk equivalents per day on a 2,000-calorie diet?
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3
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Which government agency is responsible for regulating most U.S. food labeling?
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Food and Drug Administration
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Kate consumes 1,900 kilocalories each day. She requires 1,750 kilocalories to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's kilocalorie consumption could lead to
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overnutrition
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Which of the following statements is consistent with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
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Balance the calories you eat with physical activity
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The villi of the small intestine
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provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption
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Which of the following body organs produces bile?
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Liver
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The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called
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nutrigenomics.
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Peristalsis refers to
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muscular movement of materials through the GI tract
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Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT
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sustained absorption.
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Which absorptive process in the small intestine requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorptive cells?
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Active absorption
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Which of the following is NOT a short-term storage site for carbohydrates in the body?
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brain
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When a nutrient moves freely from an area of higher solute concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called
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Passive diffusion
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The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called
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sphincters
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Which of the following is NOT considered part of the GI tract?
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Kidneys
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A serving of bleu cheese dressing containing 23 grams of fat would yield _____ kilocalories from fat.
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23 grams of fat x 9 kcal/g = 207 kcal from fat.
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Prairie Fruits Farm produces all except:
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Corn and soybeans
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Which of the following nutrition-related diseases is not one of the three leading causes of death in the United States? Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Pneumonia Diabetes
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Diabetes
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Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following nutrients does not promote growth and development as its primary function? Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Minerals
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Carbohydrates
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The essential nutrients:
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Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health
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The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences advocates that 10% to 35% of calories come from protein and ________________ from carbohydrate. 20% to 35% 45% to 65% 50% to 70% 55% to 75%
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45% to 65%
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Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as
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Carbohydrates
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Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins? -Enable chemical processes in the body -Provide energy -Made in sufficient quantities by the body -Become structural components of the body
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Enable chemical processes in the body
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Minerals can provide energy. be destroyed during cooking. be degraded by the body. become part of the body structural systems.
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Become a part of the body structural systems
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of carbohydrates?
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Contain more kilocalories than protein
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The RDAs for nutrients are set
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to cover the needs of 97% - 98% of the population.
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According to MyPlate, how much do you need from the Protein Foods group when consuming a 2,000-calorie diet?
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5 1/2 ounces every day
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Gram for gram, which provides the most energy? Alcohol Proteins Carbohydrates Fats
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Fats
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protein
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Most significant energy source for humans
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Adequate Intakes (AI)
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are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.
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Which of the following is not true about water? Provides a way to transport nutrients and wastes Provides energy By-product of cell chemical reactions Dietary need of approximately 9-13 cups per day
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Provides energy
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Which of the following is true about the energy content of nutrients? Alcohol supplies 9 kilocalories per gram. Lipids and alcohol supply 9 kilocalories per gram. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kilocalories per gram. Lipids supply 7 kilocalories per gram.
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Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kilocalories per gram.
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A large hamburger (e.g., Whopper) sandwich contains 628 kilocalories and 36 grams of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
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52%
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Which of the following does not regulate body processes?
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Carbohydrates
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Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine? Dextrose Disaccharides Dietary fiber Simple sugars
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Dietary fiber (large intestine)
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The "Freshman 15" is the term used to describe the typical waist circumference of college students after freshman year. amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college. typical BMI of college students after freshman year. typical body fat percentage of college students after freshman year.
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amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college.
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Which of the following contain no calories? Vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Alcohol
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Vitamins
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Which of the following is NOT a simple carbohydrate - Starch -Disaccharide -Table sugar -Monosaccharide
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Starch (Complex)
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Which of the following is NOT a nutrition and weight status objective from Healthy People 2020?
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Increase the consumption of protein
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Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food? Appetite Hunger Satiety Obsession
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Appetite
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Current factors that can influence American food habits negatively are:
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Social changes that are leading to a general time shortage for many of us
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six categories of Healthy People 2020: Nutrition and Weight Status Objectives? Food Insecurity Healthier Food Access Iron Deficiency Calcium Deficiency
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Calcium Deficiency
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The 2012 Food and Health Survey indicated that after taste, __________ is now the number two reason why people choose the food they do.
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Cost
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The cruciferous vegetables include broccoli, cabbagge, and kale. True False
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True
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Which of the following adults is engaging in binge drinking? Select all that apply.
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A man who drinks a six pack of 12-fl oz bottles of beer at a cookout.; A woman who drinks six 5-fl oz glasses of wine at a cocktail party.
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Which of the following are among the six classes of essential nutrients? Select all that apply. water phytochemicals protein alcohol
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Water, protein
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Which of the following are examples of phytochemicals? -carotenoids -flavonoids -resveratrol -cholesterol
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Carotenoids, flavonoids, resveratrol
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When you're in Europe, you are told that you are eating a steak weighing 140 grams. This is equivalent to how many ounces?
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5
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Pat purchases a two liter bottle of root beer. This would be approximately
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2 quarts
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On average, Americans consume approximately ___% of total kilocalories as fat.
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33%
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Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to provide energy? Select all that apply. Carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins
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Carbohydrate, protein, fat
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Which of the following are functions of the essential nutrients? Select all that apply. Provide energy Promote growth, development, and maintenance Regulate body processes Treat or cure diseases
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Promote growth, development, maintenance, regulate body processes, provide energy
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One cup of chocolate milk contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 8 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. This cup of chocolate milk supplies ______ kilocalories.
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164
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A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories and 30 grams of fat. Approximately ___% of the total energy is provided by fat.
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19
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Which of the following are potential health consequences of eating disorders?
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-Loss of menstrual period, bone loss, heart abnormalities
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Which of the following accurately describes the term hypothesis?
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An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon
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In the _________________ experimental design, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed. animal model case control double-blinded clinical trial
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double-blinded
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Of the following, which is NOT an element of a community (local) food system? Organic vegetables at County Market Hospital cafeterias using local produce CSA programs Farmers Markets
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Organic vegetables at County Market
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Organic food
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Is grown on farmland that meets very specific USDA rules
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After FSHN 120 scores (exams, quizzes, NAP, etc) have been posted on Compass, you have ___ to challenge the score
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one week
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Of the following, which is NOT an assumed benefit of a local food system?
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The food is grown on an organic farm
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What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown without the use of synthetic pesticides?
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Organic
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The local food system is ________ than the global food system
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complimentary to
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To gain credit, the FSHN 120, Journal entries must have _____ full days IN BETWEEN entries
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5
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Becky's office hours are
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1-2PM MW
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Becky was a Peace Corps Volunteer in ____
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the Philippines
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There are _____ exams in FSHN 120 and everyone will use their top ______ scores for final grade calculations
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5 and 4
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The RDAs for nutrients are set
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to cover the needs of 97% - 98% of the population
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Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?
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Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs.
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Which meal contains foods from all food groups represented in MyPlate?
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Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water
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Ann Miles, a triathlete, wants to eat a health-promoting diet and achieve dietary adequacy. Which principles should she follow to achieve dietary proportionally?
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Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day.
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Which statement best describes nutrient density?
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Consume foods that have the most nutrients compared to their kilocalories
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The RDAs are considered to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of
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Nearly all healthy persons
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Tina is consuming 15 mg of iron per day. Her RDA is 18 mg. She has no condition warranting a greater-than-normal need for iron. Which of the following statements is true about her consumption of this nutrient?
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Only if her intake is consistently less than 70% of the RDA would she be at great risk of nutritional deficiency.
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You pick up a box of Cheerios cereal in the supermarket. The Nutrition Facts panel tells you that a 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the ______ for iron.
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Daily value
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A food label states that a serving of a particular product provides 20% of the Daily Value for fat. This means that
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A serving of this product provides about 13 grams of fat
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The term "Daily Values" on a food label refers to
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a generic standard set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard.
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The label on a package of Kool Aid indicates that it contains vitamin C. The amount listed is a percentage of the
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Daily Value
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EER refers to
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estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity pattern.
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Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the MyPlate Fruit group?
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Include plenty of fruit juices for your fruit servings.
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Which of the following is true about the use of MyPlate?
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Variety is the key to the plan.
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Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kilocalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping in mind MyPlate, which of the following could she do?
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Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kilocalories.
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Nutrient density can be defined as the amount of
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A particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kilocalories in that serving
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One cup of apple juice has 111 kilocalories and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kilocalories and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density?
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Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice.
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The acronym DRI stands for
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Dietary Reference Intake
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The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend which of the following?
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Consume fewer foods with sodium (salt), saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, added sugars, and refined grains.
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The 2010 Dietary Guidelines emphasize
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reduction of total calories, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium
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Which of the following is NOT a limitation of nutritional assessments?
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Most nutrition assessments are time-consuming, costly, and do not provide valuable information.
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Jeff, a world-class triathlete, visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this?
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Dietary assessment
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Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the
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biochemical evaluation
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Mrs. Mitchell was hospitalized after being found unconscious in her home. A dietitian conducted a nutritional assessment, noting the general appearance of Mrs. Mitchell's skin, eyes, and tongue. Which part of the assessment is this?
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Clinical examination
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Kate consumes 1,900 calories each day. She requires 1,750 calories to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's calorie consumption could lead to
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Overnutrition
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When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that olive oil is
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The second most abundant ingredient by weight
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By law, which of the following food items must display a nutrition facts label?
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Box of granola bars
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Which of the following is NOT required on a nutrition label?
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The amount per serving of all vitamins and minerals for which there is an RDA
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According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, the food and nutrients to increase are
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Fruits, veggies, low-fat milk, whole grains
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The number of servings to consume from each MyPlate food group depends on a person's
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age, gender, height, and weight.
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The food grouping guidelines most recently released from the United States government are called
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MyPlate
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Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, released in 2008, advise a minimum of ___ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for adults.
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150
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RDAs are NOT used in food labeling because
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they are age- and gender-specific.
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In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions, beware of
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testimonials about personal experience.
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The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid patterns dietary data from parts of the Mediterranean region that enjoy
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the lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases.
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Alan has been hospitalized and you are concerned about his nutritional status. Which of the following are ways to assess his nutritional status? Select all that apply.
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Compare his current body weight to his usual body weight; Take a blood sample to test for protein levels in the blood; Ask him to recall all the foods and beverages he has consumed over the past 24 hours
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According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, adults should _______________ intake of fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products
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increase
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According to MyPlate, eggs belong in the ____ group.
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protein
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When using MyPlate to choose fruits and vegetables, one should include a vitamin C source such as citrus fruit and a dark green vegetable each day, as a source of
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Vitamin A
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A comparison of the kilocalorie content of a food to the weight of that food is
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Energy density
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Which of the following are major contributors of empty calories in American diets? Select all that apply.
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Sugar-sweetened beverages, butter, whole milk
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The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend consuming less than 10% of calories from
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Saturated fatty acids
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Which government agency is responsible for most U.S. food labeling?
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FDA
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Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron.
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sodium and potassium
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Which of the following is stored within the nucleus of the cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins?
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DNA
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The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
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Chemical energy
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All of the following must be supplied by the diet to support the chemical processes of human physiology EXCEPT
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phytochemicals
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The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions
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endocrine
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Bone, cartilage, muscle, and nerves are types of
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tissues
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The ________________________ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins.
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immune
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What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
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Epiglottis
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Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?
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Hepatic portal vein
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
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Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins
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Nutrient-rich blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the
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liver
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After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?
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Lymphatic
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Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?
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it picks up and transports dietary lipids
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Where does digestion begin?
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The mouth
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All of the following are features of the epiglottis EXCEPT which one?
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It is the first GI tract sphincter.
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The stomach empties into the small intestine through the
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pyloric sphincter
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What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
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Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
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What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?
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Ileocecal
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The ring-like muscles that regard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called
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sphincters
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Which of the following is a description of chyme?
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A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines
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Which of the following is NOT a sphincter?
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Duodenal
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Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?
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Controls passage of food through the GI tract
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What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?
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Bile
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Which of the following, upon digestion, is NOT normally absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
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Fats
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Which of the following organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?
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Liver
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Which of the following body organs produce bile?
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Liver
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The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called
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peristalsis
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The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called
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Nutrigenetics
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What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?
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95%
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Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes?
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Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.
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When food enters the small intestine, a hormone simulates the release of _______ from the pancreas
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bicarbonate
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Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called
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chyme
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Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?
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Bile
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Which of the following true regarding bile?
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It is produced by the liver.
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The most active area for the absorption of nutrients into the body is the
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small intestine
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In passive absorption, nutrients enter the cell
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From an area of higher solute concentration, to one of lower concentration
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A function of the large intestine is to absorb:
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Water and minerals
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Which of the following therapies is appropriate treatment for occasional heartburn?
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Antacids
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All of the following are characteristics of heartburn EXCEPT which one?
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It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal.
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Constipation can best be prevented by
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Eating dietary fiber
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Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn?
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Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat
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Most stomach ulcers are caused by ____ infection.
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Helicobacter pylori
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When a nutrient moves, with the help of a carrier, from an area of higher solute concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called
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Facilitated diffusion
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A compound that allows for communication between one cell and the next is a
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neurotransmitter
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The organelles that are known as the "power plants" or the "powerhouses" of the cell are the
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Mitochondria
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The component of feces include which of the following? Select all that apply.
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Water; bacterial cells; fiber; worn-out intestinal cells
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